1、Noun clauses as the appositive,Grammar,1. 同位語從句含義,同位語從句在句中充當(dāng)同位語從句成分, 其一般跟在一些抽象名詞(idea; belief ; fact; truth; problem; news 等)后面, 對名詞作進(jìn)一步解釋說明。 結(jié)構(gòu): n.+ 連接詞 + 從句 同位語從句常用 that 引導(dǎo)或用連接副詞 when / where/why / how / whether,注: 1. 同位語從句多用that 引導(dǎo); 2. 在 have no idea 之后常用wh-引導(dǎo)同位語從句。,I have no idea where he has go

2、ne. I have no idea when he did it. I have no idea what he did.,The idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people. 2) Sydney kept his promise that he would always do anything he could for Lucie to make sure of her happiness.,同位語從句和所修飾的名詞在內(nèi)容上為 同一關(guān)系, 對其內(nèi)容作進(jìn)一步說明。如： Ive come from M

3、r Wang with a message that he wont be able to see you this afternoon. 我從王先生那里來, 他讓我告訴你他 今天下午不能來看你了。,We havent yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation. 到哪兒去度暑假, 這個(gè)問題我們還沒有決定。 He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not. 他必須回答他是否同意這樣一個(gè)問題。,2. 同位語從句的引導(dǎo)詞 如果同

4、位語從句意義完整, 則用that引導(dǎo)。 that不充當(dāng)任何成分, 只起連接作用。如： The general gave the order that the soldiers should cross the river at once. 將軍下達(dá)了戰(zhàn)士們立即過河的命令。 (the soldiers should cross the river at once是 the order的全部內(nèi)容, 且意義完整，因此應(yīng) 用that引導(dǎo)同位語從句), 如果同位語從句意義不完整，需增加 “是否”的含義, 則應(yīng)該用whether引導(dǎo)。如： Well discuss the problem whether

5、the sports meeting will be held on time. 我們將討論運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)是否會(huì)如期舉行的問題。 注意: if不能引導(dǎo)同位語從句。, 如果同位語從句意義不完整, 需增加“什么 時(shí)候”、“什么地點(diǎn)”、“什么方式”等含義, 應(yīng)該用when, where, how等詞引導(dǎo)。如： I have no idea when Chaplins film will be on. 我不知道卓別林的電影什么時(shí)候放映。 I have no impression how he went home, perhaps by bike. 我記不清他是怎樣回家的, 或許是騎自行車 回去的。, 當(dāng)主句的

6、謂語較短, 而同位語從句較長時(shí)， 同位語從句常后置。如： The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city. 他突然想到敵人可能已經(jīng)逃出城了。 Several years later, word came that Napoleon himself was coming to inspect them. 幾年以后, 有消息傳來說拿破侖要親自 視察他們。,區(qū)分同位語從句和定語從句時(shí), 可以在先行詞 與從句之間加一個(gè)系動(dòng)詞be, 使之構(gòu)成一個(gè) 新句子, 如果句子通順且符合邏輯, 則為同位 語從句, 反之, 則為定語從句。如

7、： The report that he was going to resign was false. 他將辭職的傳聞是假的。 本句中, 先行詞與從句之間加上一個(gè)be后為： The report was that he was going to resign. 因?yàn)樵摼渚湟馔? 所以that he was going to resign是同位語從句。,3. 同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別,I have heard the news that he visited our factory. I have heard the news that he told you the other day.,

8、同位語從句和定語從句簡易區(qū)別法： 1) 同位語從句that 只起連接作用, 不作任何成分。 定語從句 that 是關(guān)系代詞, 起連接作用和充當(dāng) 賓語和主語。 2) 同位語從句同位語從句和前面的名詞是同位關(guān)系, 對名詞進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明。 定語從句 定從和前面的名詞是所屬關(guān)系, 對名詞進(jìn)行修飾, 加以限定。 3)同位語從句that 不能省。 定語從句 that 在從句中作賓語時(shí), 可以省。,1) 從詞類上區(qū)別 同位語從句前面的名詞只能是idea, thought, fact, truth, news, information, word, hope, belief, feeling, fear, do

9、ubt, possibility, chance, sign,promise, proposal, suggestion, advice, order,等有一定內(nèi)涵的名詞, 而定語從句的先行 詞可以是名詞、代詞、主句的一部分或是整個(gè)主句。,He told me the news that he would come home from aboard soon. (同位語從句),The news that/which/ he told me yesterday is quite true. (定語從句) Word came that he had been abroad. (同從） Our te

10、am has won the game, which made us very happy. (定語從句) 我們的隊(duì)贏了, 這讓我們很高興。,其他連詞同從中多為不定與疑問意義；而定從中為指代意義，另how與 what不可引導(dǎo)定從。,I have no idea when the meeting will be held. Well arrive next week when the meeting will be held. The question how and why they came to the city is still unknown yet. I havent got the

11、 answer to the question why he handed in his homework. I havent found out the reason why he handed in his homework.,2)從性質(zhì)上區(qū)別 定語從句是從句對其先行詞的修飾 或限制, 屬于形容詞性從句的范疇; 而同位語從句是從句對前面抽象名詞 的進(jìn)一步的說明和解釋, 屬于名詞性 從句的范疇, 如:,The news that our team has won the game was true. 我們隊(duì)贏了那場比賽的消息是真的。 (同位語從句, 補(bǔ)充說明news到底是一個(gè) 什么消息) T

12、he news that he told me yesterday was true. 昨天他告訴我的那個(gè)消息是真的。 (定語從句, news在從句中作told的賓語),3) 從引導(dǎo)詞及其在句子中的成分上區(qū)別 有些引導(dǎo)詞如how, whether, what 可以 引導(dǎo)同位語從句, 但不能引導(dǎo)定語從句。 如: That question whether we need it has not been considered. 我們是否需要它這個(gè)問題還沒有考慮。 (同位語從句),引導(dǎo)詞that引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí), 在從句中一般作主 語或賓語 (指物時(shí)還可以用which代替), 并且作 賓語時(shí)常常省略,

13、 that在同位語從句中僅起連接 作用, 不充當(dāng)任何成分, 并且不能省略, 也不能 用which來代替, 如: The order that we should send a few people to help the other groups was received yesterday. 我們應(yīng)派幾個(gè)人去幫別的幾個(gè)小組的命令 昨天收到了。(同位語從句, 是對order的具體 解釋, that雖不作成分, 但不能省略),The order that we received yesterday was that we should send a few people to help the

14、other groups. 我們昨天收到的命令是我們應(yīng)該派幾個(gè)人 去幫助別的幾個(gè)小組。 (定語從句, 是名詞order的修飾語, that在 從句中作received的賓語, 可以省略),【例題點(diǎn)擊】 Information has been put forward _more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities. A. while B. that C. when D. as 答案為B。more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities是

15、information的 內(nèi)容, 且連接詞在從句中不作成分, 所以該句 為同位語從句。,B,2. It is said that more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities. This is the information _ has been put forward. A. what B. thatC. when D. as 答案為B。that has been put forward為 information的修飾性定語, 且引導(dǎo)詞在從句 中作主語, 所以該句為定語從句。,B,3. He made anot

16、her wonderful discovery, _ of great importance to science. A. which I think is B. which I think it is C. which I think it D. I think which is,A,答案A。該題考查定語從句中加入插入語的 用法, 因插入語應(yīng)位于引導(dǎo)詞之后, 所以D項(xiàng) 不對, B、C兩項(xiàng)無法構(gòu)成正確結(jié)構(gòu)。,A story goes _ Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more than being surrounded by clever and q

17、ualified noblemen at court. A. when B. where C. what D. that 2. There is much chance _ Bill will recover from his injury in time for the race. A. that B. which C. until D. if,D,考考你,A,3. -Its thirty years since we last met. -But I still remember the story, believe it or not, _ we got lost on a rainy

18、night. A. which B. that C. what D. when 4. I have no idea _ he will start. A. when B. that C. what D. /,B,A,5. His suggestion _ the meeting be delayed was turned down. A. which B. that C. / D. it 6. We havent settled the question _ it is necessary for him to study abroad. A. if B. where C. whether D

19、. that,B,C,判斷下列各句是同位語從句還是定語從句,1. They expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again. 2. The hope that she expressed is that they would come to visit China again. 3. The fact that she works hard is well known to us all. 4. I cant stand the terrible noise that she is crying loudly.,同位語從句,定語從句,同位語從句,同位語從句,5.We expressed the hope that they had expressed. 6. We expressed the hope that they would come to China again.,7.The information has b