1、2011年山東青島大學英語綜合考研真題Part One Linguistics (50 points) I. Define the following terms briefly. (10 points) 1. metalanguage 2. competence 3. phoneme 4. inflection 5. cohesion 6. conceptual meaning 7. linguistic sexism 8. illocutionary act II. There are 10 statements/questions below. Indicate the right ch

2、oice in each of them by writing the corresponding letter (A, B, C or D) in the given space. (10 points) 1. A story by Robert Louis Stevenson contains the sentence “As the night fell, the wind rose.” Could this be expressed as “As the wind rose, the night fell.”? If not, this may indicate a degree of

3、 _ about word order. A. arbitrariness B. duality C. non-arbitrariness D. recursiveness 2. Which of the following sound segments in English matches the description of voiced alveolar stop? _ A. g B. d C. n D. b 3. Which of the following words is not backformed? _ A. medicare B. escalate C. enthuse D.

4、 resurrect 4. Decide which one of the underlined constructions or word groups is a headed structure. _ A. The man nodded patiently. B. The ladder in the shed in long enough. C. Mary seemed happy. D. They will be leaving tomorrow. 5. Which of the following does not belong to the category of two-place

5、 predicates? _ A. give B. between C. like (verb) D. remember 6. The following conversational fragment is to some degree odd, and such oddness can be explained by reference to Grices theory in terms of the violation of Maxim of _. 1): Would you like some coffee? 2): Marys a beautiful dancer. A. Quant

6、ity B. Quality C. Manner D. Relation 7. Pairs of words like “friendly: unfriendly”, “honest: dishonest”, “normal: abnormal”, and “l(fā)ogical: illogical” belong to _ antonymy. A. gradable B. relational C. complementary D. componential 8. The hypothesis of Linguistic Determinism is associated with which

7、of the following scholars _. A. F. Saussure B. M. A. K. Halliday C. E. Sapir D. N. Chomsky 9. Which of the following words should not be considered to be an instance of sexist language? A. salesman B. humanity C. forefather D. manmade 10. Which of the following is not included in the advantages of a

8、 constituent structure tree? A. It reveals the linear word order of a sentence. B. It shows the hierarchical structure of a sentence. C. It illustrates the syntactic category of each structural constituent. D. Is emphasizes the main suprasegmental features of a sentence. III. Answer one of the two e

9、ssay questions below with at least 300 words. (30 points) 1. Why is Ferdinand de Saussure regarded as the father of modern linguistics? What significant contributions has he made to the establishment of linguistic study as a modern field of inquiry? 2. What are the stages of first language acquisiti

10、on? Describe each stage with its prominent features and examples. Part Two Translation (50 points) I. Translate the following into Chinese. Your translation should be an intelligibly fluent representation of the original text. （25 points）The study of ancient architecture is more than a history of ol

11、d ruins. Ancient buildings are fossils that map the progress of cultures. Farming was the key factor that transformed nomadic hunter-gatherers into Neolithic（the later part of the STONE AGE）settled peoples. This revolution began in about 6000 BC in the Middle East and, by 2000 BC, had spread to Afri

12、ca, Europe, and Asia. The Mesoamericans （瑪雅人）began farming around 1500 BC. Permanent structures were constructed and basic building techniques developed. New specialized professions emerged, such as priests and craftsmen. Metal tools developed andbuilding materials such as timber, mud brick, and sto

13、ne were soon mastered. Over centuries, new social institutions were invented and took physical form as buildings. II. Translate the following into English. Your translation should be an intelligibly fluent representation of the original text. （25 points）學問要有根底，根底要打得平正堅實，以后永遠受用。初學階段的科目之最重要莫過于語文與數(shù)學。語文

14、是閱讀達意的工具，國文不通便很難表達自己，外國文不通便很難吸取外來的新知。數(shù)學是思想條理之最好的訓練。其他科目也各有各的用處，其重要性很難強分軒輊，例如體育，從另一方面看也是重要得無以復加?？傊?，我們在求學的時代，應該暫且把趣味放在一邊，耐著性子接受教育的紀律，把自己鍛煉成為堅實的材料。學問的趣味，留在將來慢慢享受一點也不遲。Part Three Culture (50 points) I. Choose the answer that best completes the statement or answers the question. (15 points) 1. Which of t

15、he following books is written by Geoffrey Chaucer? a. The Canterbury Tales b. Beowulf c. King Lear d. Morte DArthur 2. Three of the following universities have large endowments from wealthy benefactors. Which is the exception? a. Harvard University b. the State University of New York c. Yale Univers

16、ity d. Princeton University 3. Which literary form flourished in Elizabethan age more than any other form of literature? a. Novel b. Essay c. Drama d. Poetry 4. Which of the following statements is NOT correct? When the Constitution was written, a. there was a Bill of Rights in the Constitution. b.

17、there was no Bill of Rights. c. the Constitution did not have any words guaranteeing the freedoms or the basic rights and privileges of citizens. d. A “Bill of Rights” was added to the Constitution 4 years after the Constitution was made. 5. The following authors were women writers who wrote novels

18、in the late 19th and early 20thcentury with the exception of _. a. Emily Dickinson b. Edith Wharton c. Willia Cather d. Kate Chopin 6. In the aerospace industry, which two countries are ahead of Britain? a. The US and Germany b. The US and Russia c. Germany and Russia d. France and Russia 7.The Stat

19、e of California is on_. a. The Atlantic Coast b. The Gulf of Mexico c. The Pacific Coast d. Carribean Sea 8. Which of the following is Not a power of the president in the US? a. The president can vote any bill passed by Congress. b. The president has the authority to appoint federal judges when vacancies occur. c. The president can make laws. d. The president has broad powers, with the executives branch, to issue regulations and directives regarding the work of the federal departments. 9. Due to his firm belief in nonviolent peaceful protest in the spirit