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1、noun and art.,一名詞的分類:,名 詞:表示人、事物、地點(diǎn)或抽象概念的名稱的詞,名 詞:,可以用數(shù)目來計(jì)算的名詞叫可數(shù)名詞。可數(shù)名詞一般有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式(少數(shù)名詞兩種形式是相同的)。,可數(shù)名詞:,不可數(shù)名詞:,一般無法用數(shù)目來計(jì)算的名詞叫不可數(shù)名詞。不可數(shù)名詞一般沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式,并且不能用不定冠詞a(an)或數(shù)詞one修飾。物質(zhì)/抽象/專有名詞,名詞或名詞詞組在句子中可以作主語、賓語、表語、定語、 狀語、同位語(即除“謂語”以外的句子成分)。,名詞的句法功能,The money (主語)in itself meant nothing to him. 金錢本身對(duì)他毫無意義。Keep

2、 the medicine(賓語)out of the childrens reach(介詞賓語). 把藥放在小孩夠不到的地方。She is a famous doctor.(表語) 她是個(gè)名醫(yī)。My brother is a middle school(定語)student. 我的弟弟是個(gè)中學(xué)生。 Wait a minute(狀語)please.請(qǐng)稍候。ChangSha, the capital(同位語)of Hunan province is in the middle of China. 湖南省省會(huì)長(zhǎng)沙在華中,1.1 名詞復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化,(1)復(fù)數(shù)在后面直接加S map-maps bag

3、-bags (2)以s、x、ch、sh 結(jié)尾的,后面加es bus box fox pushbranchmatch coach 教練 inch gasass 驢子 class mass 注:當(dāng)ch讀 k 時(shí),其復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)加s, 如stomach-stomachs (3)輔音字母+ y結(jié)尾的詞,變y再加ies baby-babiesfamily-familiespony-ponies小馬 city-cities country -countries,注1:元音字母(就是a,e,i,o,u)+y的名詞,直接加s play-playsway-ways valley-valleys 山谷 donkey-d

4、onkeys key -keys toy- toys boy- boys guy- guys 注2:以y結(jié)尾的專有名詞,直接加s. 如he little Marys (4)以f或fe結(jié)尾的,變成v再加es. 如 knife ,thief;itself, shelf , leaf ,half, wolf , wife , life , loaf. 為了自己活命,小偷和他的妻子手里拿著刀子和一片樹葉 站在架子上把狼劈成兩半。,注:以下以f或fe結(jié)尾的,直接加 roof-roofs gulf-gulfs 灣 chief-chiefs belief-beliefs proof-proofs safe-

5、safes 保險(xiǎn)箱 cliff-cliffs reef reefs 暗礁 brief briefs 綱要 注:handkerchief -handkerchiefs / handkerchieves staffstaffs職員-stafves棒杖 (5) 以輔音字母+O結(jié)尾的,多數(shù)+es hero negro黑人 tomato potato echo 回聲;回響CU buffalo水牛,(北美)野牛 注:以元音字母+O結(jié)尾的,以及某些以O(shè)結(jié)尾的外來詞,變成復(fù)數(shù)只加S bamboo , zoo, radio , tobacoo , two , studio工作室, Piano, kilo,pho

6、to ,kangaroo袋鼠 (6)有的名詞有兩種復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:zero zeros 、zeroes, volcano cargo (船、飛機(jī)、車輛裝載的)貨物CU mosquito 蚊子C penny的兩種復(fù)數(shù)形式含義有所不同。如:pence(便士的錢數(shù)),pennies(便士的枚數(shù))。,1.3 名詞復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化,1)變?cè)糇帜?man-men woman-women foot-feet tooth-teeth goose-geese analysis-analyses 分析 basis-bases基礎(chǔ) parenthesis-parentheses 圓括號(hào) datum-data 數(shù)據(jù)

7、formula-formulae/formulas 公式 medium-media/mediums媒介 bacterium-bacteria細(xì)菌 louse-lice虱子mouse-mice phenomenon-phenomena現(xiàn)象 radius-radii 半徑,2)變?cè)~尾 child-children ox-oxen(牛),3)單復(fù)數(shù)同形 fish ,deer,sheep,means(方式), Swiss(瑞士人) Chinese Japanese, works(工廠),crossroads (十字路口),head (牲畜的)頭,aircraft species, series系列,等

8、,注1:fishes指不同種類的魚,people是集體名詞“人(民)” peoples指民族 注2:以ese結(jié)尾的國(guó)籍名詞,如Chinese, Japanese為單復(fù)數(shù)同形,4)有些名詞經(jīng)常以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn),這些名詞中有的表示 由兩部分構(gòu)成的東西(A),有的是以ing收尾的詞(B), 也有一些其他的情形(C),,B)belongings 所有物,surroundings 環(huán)境,greetings 致敬 doings 行為,savings 儲(chǔ)蓄,findings 調(diào)查結(jié)果,shavings 刨花, earnings 掙的錢,sweepings 掃攏的垃圾。,例如:A)scissors 剪刀, tr

9、ousers 褲子,pants 褲子,shorts 短褲, jeans 工裝褲,compasses 兩腳規(guī),scales 天平,glasses 眼鏡。,C)contents 目錄,arms 武器,fireworks 煙火, overalls 工作服,remains 殘余,thanks 感謝, congratulations 祝賀,clothes 衣服,riches 財(cái)富,ashes 灰燼, mumps 腮腺炎,measles 麻疹,valuables 珍貴物品, annals 編年史,stairs 樓梯 forces (武裝)部隊(duì), effects (個(gè)人)用品,tropics 熱帶, due

10、s (交)費(fèi) wages工資,riches財(cái)富, ashes灰塵 blues 憂郁 exports出口貨物 customs 關(guān)稅 folks家人,5)此外有些名詞在一定的詞組中一定要用復(fù)數(shù)形式,例如:take pains 下功夫 present credentials 呈遞國(guó)書make arrangements 做安排 make preparations 做準(zhǔn)備give regards to 問候 be at odds with 和不和sing the praises of 贊頌 give respects to 致敬意master of ceremonies 司儀 be in high sp

11、irits 情緒高 have words with sb. 同某人吵架, in rags衣衫破爛, It is good manners to do sth.有禮貌做某事。 Winter sports 冬季運(yùn)動(dòng) civil rights 公民權(quán)利 High heels 高跟鞋 current affairs 時(shí)事 Road works 道路工程 give ones best wishes to,(6) 復(fù)合名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式 主體詞的復(fù)合名詞將主體詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù) looker-on- lookers-on 旁觀者 passer-by- passers-by 過路人 daughter-in-law -d

12、aughters-in-law 媳婦 father-in-law- fathers-in-law岳父 沒有主體詞的,在詞尾加S grown-up-grown-ups 成年人 good-for-nothing-good-for-nothings 飯桶沒用的人 go-between(s) 中間人 drawback(s) 缺陷 由man和woman構(gòu)成的復(fù)合名詞,兩部分都要變復(fù)數(shù)。 man teacher-men teachers Woman doctor-women doctors,(7)有些名詞形式上雖是單數(shù),意義上卻是復(fù)數(shù) cattle 牛(總稱) people 人民 police 警察 pu

13、blic 公眾 有些名詞及一些學(xué)科名詞形式上是復(fù)數(shù),意義上卻是單數(shù) news 消息 politics 政治 physics 物理,(8) 可以具體化的抽象名詞surprise, knowledge, success, failure, pleasure, interest, joy, help, honor, exercise; time ,experience ,life 等。這類名詞如果僅僅表示“概念”,是不可數(shù)名詞, 但如果表示具體的人或事,特別是前面出現(xiàn)形容詞修飾時(shí),就成了可數(shù)名詞,前面需加冠詞。如He answered in surprise. 他吃驚地回答。(不可數(shù)名詞)He su

14、ddenly appeared on a rainy night, which was a great surprise to us. (令大家吃驚的事情) (可數(shù)名詞) 。 life is hard . Were living a happy life under the leadership of the Party .,A knowledge of English is a must in international trade. Would you like to have a walk(swim, bath, talk)with me? It is a waste of time r

15、eading such a novel. She made an apology to her mother for her wrong doings.,(9) 有些和數(shù)詞連用的名詞,表示復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)仍保持單數(shù)形式:two dozen eggs 兩打雞蛋three score and ten 七十forty head of cattle 四十頭牲口three hundred ducks 三百只鴨子ten thousand trees 一萬棵樹two million dollars 兩百萬美金,但:dozens of eggs, hundreds of ducks.等外, 注意下面說法(有些數(shù)詞后的名

16、詞用單數(shù))Shes only five foot two.她身高五英尺二寸。Shes five feet(foot) tall.她身高五英尺。The ticket costs only two pound(s) fifty.票價(jià)只兩鎊半。Five pound of potatoes, please.請(qǐng)拿五磅土豆。The engine was fifty horse power. 這臺(tái)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)有五十匹馬力。,1.6 不同國(guó)家的人的單復(fù)數(shù),名稱 總稱(謂語用復(fù)數(shù))一個(gè)人 兩個(gè)人中國(guó)人the Chinesea Chinese two Chinese瑞士人the Swissa Swiss two Swi

17、ss澳大利亞人thean twoAustraliansAustralian Australians 俄國(guó)人the Russiansa Russiantwo Russians意大利人the Italiansan Italian two Italians希臘人the Greek a Greektwo Greeks法國(guó)人the Frencha Frenchman two Frenchmen 日本人the Japanesea Japanese two Japanese美國(guó)人the Americansan Americantwo Americans印度人the Indiansan Indian two

18、Indians加拿大人the Canadiansa Canadian two Canadians德國(guó)人the Germansa Germantwo Germans英國(guó)人the Englishan EnglishmantwoEnglishmen瑞典人the Swedisha Swedetwo Swedes,advice (建議), furniture (家具), clothing (衣服),money,fun (樂趣),grass, housework / homework(家庭作業(yè)), information(息),rice , equipment (裝備),health , wealth ,

19、 paper(紙), sugar(糖), work(工作), fruit(水果), medicine,harm(損害), news(新聞), progress(進(jìn)步), luggage /baggage traffic(交通), trouble(麻煩), weather(天氣) courage, poverty, milk, butter, 等,??嫉牟豢蓴?shù)名詞,(二) 不可數(shù)名詞 一般說來抽象名詞, 物質(zhì)名詞 , 專有名詞為不可數(shù)名詞,,(1)抽象名詞 表泛指或用在介詞后的抽象名詞不與冠詞連用 但當(dāng)抽象名詞表示具體的東西時(shí),可用作可數(shù)名詞且詞義 發(fā)生變化,,主要類型如下 1) 抽象名詞表示具

20、有某種特性、狀態(tài)、感情情緒的人或事。 如: 抽象名詞(不可數(shù)) 具體化(個(gè)體名詞,可數(shù)名詞),(2)物質(zhì)名詞 是不可數(shù)名詞, 但表示數(shù)量或種類之多時(shí),可以用作可數(shù)名詞。,(3)專有名詞 -單個(gè)單詞形式的專有名詞無復(fù)數(shù),不與冠詞連用; 與普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前用冠詞。 ),注1:有些單詞既是可數(shù)名詞又是不可數(shù)名詞,但是所含 意義不同(u代表不可數(shù)名詞,c代表可數(shù)名詞),adventure,beauty,coffee /drink,difficulty,experience,expression,practice,success,u 冒險(xiǎn),c 奇遇,u 美麗,c 美人,u 咖啡/飲料,c 一杯咖

21、啡/飲料,u 困難,c 難事,u 經(jīng)驗(yàn),c 經(jīng)歷,u 表達(dá),c 表情,詞語,u 實(shí)踐,練習(xí),c 習(xí)慣、常規(guī)做法,u 成功,c 成功的人或事,u青春,c一個(gè)青年人,u危險(xiǎn),c危險(xiǎn)的事物或人,注2:單復(fù)數(shù)形式分別表示不同的意義,1.,time,時(shí)間,times,次數(shù),時(shí)代,倍,2.,3.,wood,木頭,woods,森林,sand,沙子,sands,沙灘,paper,紙,papers,試卷,論文,報(bào)紙,iron,鐵,irons an iron,腳鐐,手銬,cloth,布,clothes,衣服,4.,5.,6.,熨斗,glass,玻璃,glasses,玻璃杯/眼鏡,water,水,waters,大片

22、的水,海域,work,工作,works,工廠,著作,工程,force,力量,forces,軍隊(duì),good,益處,goods,貨物,manner,態(tài)度,manners,禮貌,7.,8.,9.,10.,11.,12.,ruin 13. ruins,廢墟,14,brian,brians,腦,腦力,智能,毀滅,spirit,精神,spirits,心情,情緒酒精,content,內(nèi)容,contents,目錄,green,綠色,greens,蔬菜,13.,14.,15.,look looks pain pains custom customs statistic statistics,fur furs f

23、og fogs frost frosts sweat sweats,看,臉色,容貌,痛苦,辛苦,努力,風(fēng)俗,關(guān)稅,毛皮,皮衣,皮制品,一場(chǎng)場(chǎng)霧,統(tǒng)計(jì)資料,統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué),霧,(2)物質(zhì)名詞是不可數(shù)名詞,但表示數(shù)量或種類之多時(shí), 可以用作可數(shù)名詞。如:,物質(zhì)名詞有形或數(shù)的相應(yīng)物體,有單、復(fù)數(shù)。,物質(zhì)名詞有前置后置修飾時(shí),前面要使用不定冠詞。,(3)有復(fù)數(shù)形式的不可數(shù)名詞,如:some coffee一些咖啡,a coffee一杯咖啡,three coffees三杯咖啡, some drink一些飲料, a drink一杯飲料,three drinks三杯飲料, his hair他的頭發(fā),a few gre

24、y hairs幾根白發(fā), glass玻璃,a glass一只玻璃杯。,have breakfast The road is covered with snow. have a wonderful breakfast They have a heavy snow every year. Time and tide wait for no man. We had a wonderful time last night.,如:Use your brains, please. They have smoothed away the difficulties. Have you made prepara

25、tions for tomorrows meeting? Many thanks for your kindness. No pains, no gains. After many failures, they finally succeeded.,有些抽象名詞往往以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn),起到一種豐富語言感情色彩或 強(qiáng)調(diào)某種特殊狀態(tài)的作用。,有些物質(zhì)名詞以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn),表示數(shù)量之多,范圍之廣。如: The boy burst into tears at the bad news. The rising waters did a lot of harm to the crops. The stone b

26、ridge broke down in heavy rains.,一般不分單復(fù)數(shù),若要表示數(shù)量,要加適當(dāng)?shù)膯挝幻~或單位名詞詞組。 注意:,1.有些物質(zhì)名詞要根據(jù)上下文來決定是可數(shù)還是不可數(shù),He ate a chicken. 他吃了只雞 I dont like chicken. 我不喜歡雞肉 A glass is made of glass. 玻璃杯是由玻璃制成的,2.有些物質(zhì)名詞在表示不同類別時(shí)可以用復(fù)數(shù),3.有些抽象名詞可以用復(fù)數(shù)形式來表示具體的事物,4.專有名詞一般只用單數(shù),但有時(shí)也用復(fù)數(shù),5.不可數(shù)名詞常用of詞組來表示數(shù)量,tea 茶-teas 各種茶 fruit 水果-fruit

27、s 各種水果 fish-fishes各種魚,difficulty 困難-difficulties 困難的事,難做的事,the Smiths 史密斯一家,a piece of paper, two pieces of paper a little rice , plenty of bread,名詞作定語要注重習(xí)慣搭配。,常見的習(xí)慣搭配歸類如下:,(1).表示分類意義的名詞作定語。,woman driver,女司機(jī),telephone number,電話號(hào)碼,school education,學(xué)校教育,baby speech,嬰兒語,coffee cup,咖啡杯子,air pollution,空氣

28、污染,(2.)表示時(shí)間,地點(diǎn)、稱呼等的名詞常直接作定語。,summer camp,夏令營(yíng),street light,路燈,village people,村民,book store,書店,Noble Prize,諾貝爾,(3). 表示目的、手段、原料、來源、所屬等意義的名詞作定語。,milk bottle,奶瓶,lunch room,午餐室,shoe store,鞋店,straw hat,草帽,tooth brush,牙刷,stamp collection,集郵,(4).名詞直接作定語時(shí),通常用單數(shù)形式。,Lets stop by the book store (書店) on the way h

29、ome.,(5).man, woman, gentleman作定語時(shí)可以用單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式,但必須隨所修飾名詞的數(shù)而定。,He said that two women doctors (女醫(yī)生) would come to our village the next day.,(6).某些常用復(fù)數(shù)的名詞, 1)當(dāng)它們用作定語時(shí)也須用復(fù)數(shù)形式。,arms production,武器生產(chǎn),a goods train,貨車,clothes shop,服裝商店,savings bank,儲(chǔ)蓄所,communications satellite,通訊衛(wèi)星,foreign languages depart

30、ment,外語系,plastics industry,塑料工業(yè),sales department,營(yíng)業(yè)部,Sports meeting,運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì),Learning Skills Center,學(xué)習(xí)技巧交流中心,Beijing Foreign Languages Institute,北京外國(guó)語學(xué)院,The Boys Club,男孩俱樂部,jobs cut,就業(yè)率下降,(8).表示類別時(shí)名詞直接作定語還是用所有格作定語一定要嚴(yán)格遵守習(xí)慣。,a peasant family / boy (peasant習(xí)慣直接作定語),a workers family (worker習(xí)慣用所有格作定語),(9).兩種

31、定語有時(shí)并存但意義不一樣。,the womans driver,這位婦女的司機(jī),girl friend,女朋友,the girls friend,女孩的朋友,women drivers,女司機(jī),(7).單位名稱、報(bào)紙、廣播、電視等的標(biāo)題中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)復(fù)數(shù)名詞作定語,2)數(shù)詞+名詞作定語時(shí),這個(gè)名詞一般保留單數(shù)形式。 如: two-dozen eggs兩打/(二十四個(gè)雞蛋) a ten-mile walk 十里路 two-hundred trees 兩百棵樹 a five-year plan.一個(gè)五年計(jì)劃,a middle aged woman a one eyed man a ten- stori

32、ed building a three-legged table,(10).名詞作定語強(qiáng)調(diào)被修飾成分的內(nèi)容或職能,與其同根的形容詞作定語則強(qiáng)調(diào)特點(diǎn)或?qū)傩?Gold watch,金表(指手表是含金的),Golden watch,金色的表(指表是金色的,但不一定含金),名詞的所有格,(1)表示有生命的東西的名詞,所有格一般在名詞后加“s”,其構(gòu)成形式如下:,一般名詞后加“s”。,例如:my brothers bag,以-s或-es結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞的所有格,只在名詞右上方加“”。,例如:the workers club childrens day,以-s結(jié)尾的專有名詞所有格,若以讀音z結(jié)尾,一般可在名

33、詞右上方加“”,也可加“s”,其讀音分別為z、iz。,例如:DickensDickenss book,但若不以讀音z結(jié)尾,則仍用“s”。,例如:Rosss book,復(fù)合名詞所有格的詞尾“s”加在后面名詞之后。,例如two sons-in-laws photos,如果一樣?xùn)|西為兩個(gè)人共有,則只在后一個(gè)名詞加“s”;如果不是共有的,兩個(gè)名詞后都要加“s”。,例如:Jane and Marys room(共有) Janes and Toms books(不共有) =Jane s book and Toms book,在表示“某人家”、“店鋪”的名詞所有格后面,一般省略它所修飾的名詞。,例如:,at

34、 the doctors,在診所,to my uncles,到我叔叔家,at the barbers,在理發(fā)店,at Mr. Greens,在格林先生家,at the tailors,在裁縫店,起修飾作用的名詞如不表示所有關(guān)系,通常不用“s”。,例如:,room number,coffee cups,若僅表示一種類別或類型,名詞往往用單數(shù)形式。,book club,word order,student life,例如:,the gate of the school ,the window of the room,(3)有些表示時(shí)間、距離、國(guó)家、城市、團(tuán)體、機(jī)構(gòu)等無生命東西的名詞,也可以加“s”

35、來構(gòu)成所有格。,例如:,Chinas industry,the stations waiting room,ten minutes walk,todays newspaper,(4)當(dāng)表示所屬物的名詞前有冠詞、數(shù)詞、不定代詞或指示代詞時(shí),常用“of+名詞s”的形式來表示所有關(guān)系。of后面的名詞般都表示人,不能表示物。,例如:,that book of Li Mings ,two friends of my brothers,a few friends of Li Mings,(5)復(fù)合名詞或短語,s 加在最后一個(gè)詞的詞尾。 如:a month or twos absence,(2)表示無生命東

36、西的名詞,通常采用of+名詞的結(jié)構(gòu)來表示所有關(guān)系。,高考試題 1. If this dictionary is not yours, _ can it be? A. what else B. who else C. which elses D. who elses 2. -Im sorry I stepped outside for a smoke. I was very tired. -There is no _ for this while you are on duty. A. reason B. excuse C. cause D. explanation 3. I dont thin

37、k its my _ that the TV blew up. I just turned it on, thats all, said the boy. A. error B. mistake C. fault D. duty 4. We all know that _ speak louder than words. A. movements B. performances C. operations D. actions 5. My parents always let me have my own _ of living. A. way B. method C. manner D. f

38、ashion 6. The new law will come into _ on the day it is passed. A. effect B. use C. service D. existence 7. For the sake of (為.著想) her daughters health, she decided to move to a warm _. A. weather B. temperature C. season D. climate,D,B,C,D,A,A,D,8 Bill was doing a lot of physical exercise to build

39、up his _- A ability B force C strength D mind 9 I am sure Daivd will be able to find the library -he has a pretty good _of direction. A idea B feeling C experience D sense 10. _is more useful than gold . Irons B. Iron C. An iron D. The iron 11. -what can I do for you ? -I d like to have a _of China

40、Daily. A. piece B. sheet C. lot D. copy 12.These days I hire two _in my house . man servant B men servant C man servants D men servants,D,C,B,D,D,13. Mr Smith is a friend of _. Marys mothers B. Marys mother C.mothers of Mary D. Mary mothers 14._desks are in the same room. Johns and Susan B. John and

41、 Susans C .John and Susan D. Johns and Susans 15.- Where did you spend last weekend ? -At _. A.Mr Greens B Mr Green C the Mr Greens D the Mr Greens 16. One day Crusoe walked along _ towards his coat . the sand B. the sands C. sand D .sands 17. Toward evening ,_ came , which made things even worse .

42、cold rain B .cold rains C. the cold rain D.a cold rain 18. The Chinese are _ brave and hard working people. A .the B. a C. / D.one,A,D,A,B,D,B,12.No news _good news. A is a B.are C.is D.has E.have 13. Maths still _ very difficult for me , though I have done my best. A .looks B. seems C. is D .are 14

43、. The great wall of China runs across _ China like a huge dragon. the north B. north C.northern D.north of 15. You are to gather at the _at 8:00 tomorrow morning . schools gate B. School Gate C. Schools Gate D .school gate,C,B,B,= the north of China,D,冠 詞,1. 冠詞的泛指和特指用法,泛指是指首次提到的,不限定的人或事物。特指是指在上文已提到的

44、人或事物,或是指被限制性修飾語在其后加以限定意義的人或事物也可以是指說話者雙方心目中所默認(rèn)的特指的人或事物。,冠詞的泛指和特指用法可歸納為下表:,單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞一定要用冠詞,復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞,a(n),the,泛指單一,每一,任一事物,指類別,特指,上文提到過的事物,被限制性修飾語所限定的事物,說話雙方所默認(rèn)的事物,世界上獨(dú)一無二的事物,指類別,the特指,零冠詞,上文提到過的事物,被限制性修飾語所限定的事物,說話雙方所默認(rèn)的事物,泛指的一些事物,指類別,不定冠詞修飾可數(shù)名詞其意思為“一個(gè)”; 定冠詞可修飾可數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞,往往表特指其意思相當(dāng)于“這個(gè)”, 單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞只要不用在抽象化的語

45、境中,一定要加冠詞(或者加不定冠詞,或者加定冠詞)。這時(shí)不妨可用“一個(gè)”或“這個(gè)(種)”來檢驗(yàn)。,(1)-Have you seen _ pen? I left it here this morning. -Is it _ black one? I think I saw it somewhere. A. a; the B. the; the C. the; a D. a; a,(2)Most animals have little connection with _ animals of _ different kind unless they kill them for food. A.

46、the; a B. /; a C. the; the D. /; /,D,B,許多人都持相同的看法,在當(dāng)前國(guó)際貿(mào)易交往中,英語知識(shí)是必備的知識(shí),Many people agreed that a knowledge of English is a must in international trade today.,(2)不定冠詞a(n)用于有形容詞修飾的一日三餐前。,我每天早晨上班前吃點(diǎn)簡(jiǎn)單的早餐。,Before I go to work every morning, Ive a light breakfast.,(3)不定冠詞a(n)用于有形容詞修飾的季節(jié)、日期前。,車禍?zhǔn)?月底的一個(gè)星期

47、天發(fā)生的。,The traffic accident happened on a Sunday towards the end of July.,(1)不定冠詞a(n)用于有或沒有形容詞修飾的抽象名詞前。,21不定冠詞a(n)的幾種特殊用法,(4)不定冠詞a(n)用于序數(shù)詞前,表示一次,又一。 用于形容詞最高級(jí)前無比較級(jí)含義?!胺浅!?再學(xué)一門語言是多么重要啊! 這是一本很有用的書。,How important it is to learn a second language! This is a most useful book.,否定比較級(jí)表達(dá)最高級(jí)意義時(shí),常借助于不定冠詞a/an. -

48、what do you think of the film? -Oh , 我從沒看過這最糟糕的電影。,Ill never seen a worse one.,(5)不定冠詞a(n)表示“per”的意思。,他的月收入是1000元。,His income is one thousand yuan a month.,(6)不定冠詞a(n)用于有g(shù)oodgreat many修飾的名詞復(fù)數(shù)前。,我參觀過長(zhǎng)城好多次。,Ive visited the Great Wall a good many times.,(7)不定冠詞a(n)用于形式為復(fù)數(shù),但意義仍為單數(shù)的名詞前。,一千英里是相當(dāng)遠(yuǎn)的距離。,A th

49、ousand miles is a good distance.,(8)不定冠詞a(n)用于一些原來是動(dòng)詞的名詞前,晚飯后,讓我們圍著操場(chǎng)散步吧!,Lets have a walk around the playground after supper.,(9)有一些抽象名詞:advice(忠告),behavior(行為),fortune(運(yùn)氣),fun(娛樂),information(情報(bào)),progress(進(jìn)步),damage(損害),harm(傷害)等,即使被形容詞修飾,也不加不定冠詞。,一次性行為特別名詞化的動(dòng)詞前:have/take a look at. ,have a talk /

50、 swim / test,go for a swim /walk ,come to an end , have /take a rest,11)a用于姓氏前表示某個(gè)只知道名字而不不熟悉的人。A Mr Liu is waiting to see you outside. 12)在某些句型中可加aIt is a pity that you have missed the chance.It is a shame / a pleasure / a honour for sb. to do sth. 13)a/an 用于說明事物的同一性質(zhì)、特點(diǎn)、程度或大小,表示“相同”之意,相當(dāng)于the same .

51、 we are nearly of an age . Birds of a feather flock together.物以類聚。,卡爾馬克思就怎樣學(xué)好外語,提出了許多建議。,Karl Marx gave us some advice on how to learn a foreign language well.,(13)用在某些固定詞組中。,A few, a little, a lot of, a bit, a couple of, all of a sudden(突然), as a matter of fact(實(shí)際上) in a hurry(匆忙的), in a word(簡(jiǎn)言之),

52、 have a good time(玩得愉快), do sb. a favour(幫忙), pay a visit to(訪問), as a rule(慣例), as a whole(總之), in a day or two(一兩天), in a way(在某種程度上), of a size(大小相同), have a word with sb.(與交談), make a living(謀生), take ( a ) pride in(自豪), take a walk(break, bath, seat)(散步(休息、洗澡、就座), a great deal of(大量), be a pity

53、(遺憾), have a cold(headache, fever)(感冒(頭痛、發(fā)燒), many a(許多), catch a cold(感冒) a piece/kind /number /set / pair / of take a seat /a train/ a bus .,2.2 定冠詞的用法,定冠詞the與指示代詞this,that同源,有那(這)個(gè)的意思,但較弱,可以和一個(gè)名詞連用,來表示某個(gè)或某些特定的人或東西。 1)特指雙方都明白的人或物: Take the medicine.把藥吃了 2)上文提到過的人或事: He bought a house. Ive been to

54、the house 他買了幢房子。我去過那幢房子。 3)指世上獨(dú)一物二的事物: the sun, the sky, the moon, the earth 4)單數(shù)名詞連用表示一類事物, the dollar 美元;the fox 狐貍; 或與形容詞或分詞連用,表示一類人: the rich 富人; the living 生者。,5)用在序數(shù)詞和adj/adv最高級(jí),及形容詞only, very,same等前面: Where do you live?I live on the second floor. 你住在哪?我住在二層。Thats the very thing Ive been look

55、ing for. 那正是我要找的東西。6)與復(fù)數(shù)名詞連用,指整個(gè)群體: They are the teachers of this school.指全體教師) They are teachers of this school. (指部分教師) the two of us =2 / two of us 2 7)表示所有,相當(dāng)于物主代詞,用在表示身體部位的名詞前: She caught me by the arm.她抓住了我的手臂。 8)用在某些由普通名詞構(gòu)成的國(guó)家名稱、機(jī)關(guān)團(tuán)體、階級(jí)、等專有名詞前: the Peoples Republic of China 中華人民共和國(guó) the United

56、 States 美國(guó),用于表示海洋、河流、山脈、群島;報(bào)紙、雜志、書籍、會(huì)議、條約、信仰等名詞前。 The Atlantic 大西洋 the Thames 泰晤士河 The Alps 阿爾卑斯山 the Changjiang (Yangtze) The Yellow Sea the Book of Poetry 詩經(jīng) 注意: Life 生活周刊 Times 時(shí)代周刊 News Week 新聞周刊 含有Mount ,Lake , Cape 等表示孤島、獨(dú)山,湖泊的名詞前不加定冠詞。 Lake Baikal 貝加爾湖 Mt. Fushi 富士山 Mt. Ali 阿里山 但中國(guó)湖泊名詞前卻加定冠詞。

57、The Dongting Lake 也可用Lake Dongting Bay 海灣在專有名詞后時(shí)不加定冠詞。 Jiaozhou Bay 膠州灣,9)用在表示西洋樂器的名詞之前,但漢語拼音的樂器前不用冠詞。 She plays the piano.她會(huì)彈鋼琴。 play erhu 10) 用在姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)名詞之前,表示”一家人”or兩夫婦 : the Greens 格林一家人 (或格林夫婦) 11) 用在表示方向、方位名詞前 介詞短語中加 Birds come back from the south in spring Lead to the weat of Urals is called Eur

58、ope. 但在某些方位詞+介詞短語中,方位詞前不用冠詞。 north by east from east to west Note: suburbs 郊區(qū)及countryside (農(nóng)村)之前要用定冠詞 she doesnt live near the downtown area ,but out in the suburbs. 方位名詞大寫,指某個(gè)國(guó)家或世界的某一部分時(shí),前面要用定冠詞。 The North is colder than the South. The Middle East the South Pole,12)用在表示學(xué)校、星座、船只、艦隊(duì)、鐵路、飛機(jī)、三軍、 歷代朝代等的名詞前 the Univeristy of London the Air Force the Big Dipper 北斗星 The stone age the Sp

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