1、Chapter 2: Computer Hardware,1,1,1,1,Chapter 4: File Management, Virus Protection, and Backup,1,Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and E-Mail Basics,Chapter 2: Computer Hardware,2,After this chapter, you should be able to: Explain why most computers are digital Describe the role of the ALU List fac

2、tors that affect performance Explain RAM Compare storage technologies,Chapter 2 Preview,Chapter 2: Computer Hardware,3,After this chapter, you should be able to: Explain the factors that might help a shopper decide whether to purchase a CRT, LCD, or plasma monitor Compare and contrast the technologi

3、es and applications for printers Describe computers expansion bus Explain hardware compatibility considerations,Chapter 2 Preview,Chapter 2: Computer Hardware,4,Chapter 2 Outline,Section A Data Representation and Digital Electronics Section B Microprocessors and Memory Section C Storage Devices Sect

4、ion D Input and Output Devices,Computer Concepts 8th EditionParsons/Oja,Chapter 2Computer Hardware,Section A: Data Representation and Digital Electronics,Chapter 2: Computer Hardware,6,Data representation makes it possible to convert letters, sounds, and images into a form computers can use for proc

5、essing A digital device works with discrete data, such as the digits 1 and 0 An analog device works with continuous data,Data Representation: How do computers represent data digitally?,Page 60,Chapter 2: Computer Hardware,7,Computers are digital Just as a standard light switch is a simpler technolog

6、y than a dimmer, so is digital when compared to analog,Data Representation: How do computers represent data digitally?,digital,analog,Page 60,Chapter 2: Computer Hardware,8,The binary number system (base 2) uses only two digits 0, and 1 The following table lists some decimal numbers and their binary

7、 equivalent:,How does a computer represent numbers?,Page 60,Chapter 2: Computer Hardware,9,Character data is composed of letters, symbols, and numerals that are not used in arithmetic operations ASCII requires only 7 bits for each character Extended ASCII uses 8 bits to represent each character,How

8、can a computer represent words and letters using bits?,Page 61,Chapter 2: Computer Hardware,10,EBCDIC is an alternative 8-bit used by older IBM systems Unicode uses 16 bits and provides codes for 65,000 characters Used for foreign language support,How can a computer represent words and letters using

9、 bits?,Page 61,Chapter 2: Computer Hardware,11,Sounds and pictures must be transformed into a format the computer can understand A computer must digitize colors, notes, and instrument sounds into 1s and 0s,How does a computer convert sounds and pictures into codes?,Page 62,Chapter 2: Computer Hardwa

10、re,12,A bit is one binary digit (b) 0 A byte is 8 bits (B) 0010 0100,Quantifying Bits and Bytes: How can I tell the difference between bits and bytes?,Page 63,Chapter 2: Computer Hardware,13,Kilo- means a 1000, Mega- means million百萬, Giga -means billion十億 Kilobit (Kb) is 1,024 bits Kilobyte (KB) is

11、1, 024 bytes Megabyte (MB) is 1,048,576 bytes Gigabyte (GB) is 1,073,741,824 bytes,Quantifying Bits and Bytes: How can I tell the difference between bits and bytes?,Page 63,Chapter 2: Computer Hardware,14,How does a computer store and transport all these bits?,Bits take the form of electrical pulses

12、 that can travel over circuits This is almost the same way as electricity flows over a wire when you turn on a light switch,Page 64,Chapter 2: Computer Hardware,15,Desktop units are designed with expectation that the home user may add or update the equipment Small desktop and notebook computers are

13、not designed for users to access all areas,Whats inside the system unit?,Page 64,Chapter 2: Computer Hardware,16,Whats inside the system unit?,Page 64,Chapter 2: Computer Hardware,17,Most electronic components inside a computer are integrated circuits Thin slices of silicon crystal packed with micro

14、scopic circuit elements,Whats a computer chip?,Page 64,Chapter 2: Computer Hardware,18,Semiconducting materials are used to fabricate a chip Types of chips: DIPs 雙列直插式封裝 DIMMs Dual-Inline-Menory-Modules PGAs 插針網(wǎng)格陣列封裝技術(shù) SEC cartridge單邊接觸卡盒的縮寫。為了與主板連接，處理器被插入一個(gè)插槽。它不使用針腳，而是使用“金手指”觸點(diǎn)，處理器使用這些觸點(diǎn)來傳遞信號(hào)。S.E.C

15、.C. 被一個(gè)金屬殼覆蓋，這個(gè)殼覆蓋了整個(gè)卡盒組件的頂端。卡盒的背面是一個(gè)熱材料鍍層，充當(dāng)了散熱器。S.E.C.C. 內(nèi)部，大多數(shù)處理器有一個(gè)被稱為基體的印刷電路板連接起處理器、二級(jí)高速緩存和總線終止電路。S.E.C.C. 封裝用于有 242 個(gè)觸點(diǎn)的英特爾奔騰II 處理器和有 330 個(gè)觸點(diǎn)的奔騰II 至強(qiáng)和奔騰 III 至強(qiáng)處理器。,Whats a computer chip?,Page 65,Chapter 2: Computer Hardware,19,Whats a computer chip?,Page 65,Chapter 2: Computer Hardware,20,The

16、system board houses all essential chips and provides connecting circuitry between them,How do chips fit together to make a computer?,Page 65,Chapter 2: Computer Hardware,21,How do chips fit together to make a computer?,Page 66,Computer Concepts 8th EditionParsons/Oja,Chapter 2Computer Hardware,Secti

17、on B: Microprocessors and Memory,Chapter 2: Computer Hardware,23,An integrated circuit designed to process instructions CPU on a chip,Microprocessor Basics:What exactly is a microprocessor?,Page 68,Chapter 2: Computer Hardware,24,The CPU has two parts ALU (arithmetic logic unit) Performs arithmetic

18、operations Performs logical operations Uses registers to hold data being processed The CPUs control unit directs and coordinates processing,How does a microprocessor work?,Page 68,Chapter 2: Computer Hardware,25,Performance factors,Clock speed Word size Cache size Instruction set Processing techniques,Chapter