1、定語從句,（一）,第一部分,定語從句定義及概述,先行詞,關(guān)系詞,定語從句,(1)定語從句：在復(fù)合句中作定語修飾主句中某一名 詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。 (2)先行詞：被定語從句修飾的詞，叫做先行詞。 (3)關(guān)系詞：分為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞，在從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一定成分。,I will never forget the girl that I met yesterday in the street.,定語從句兩個必須 先行詞在從句中必須作一個成分； 先行詞所作的成分必須空缺。,【指點(diǎn)迷津】,第二部分,關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句,1. 關(guān)系代詞that的用法,用法：既可指人也可指物，在定語從句中作主語、賓語或表

2、 語，作賓語時?？墒÷浴?1)This is the factory that produces cars. (作主語,指物) 2)The girl that spoke to me just now is my classmate. (作主語,指人) 3)The film (that) we saw yesterday is interesting. (作賓語，指物),2.關(guān)系代詞which的用法,用法：指物，在定語從句中作主語、賓語或表語，作賓語時 ?？墒÷?。 1)China is a country which has a long history.(作主語) 2)The car (wh

3、ich) my uncle had just bought was destroyed in the earthquake. (作賓語),關(guān)系代詞that的特權(quán)和禁區(qū),1. 特權(quán)：行使特權(quán)的條件： （1）限定性定語從句； （2）介詞沒有提前。,2. 禁區(qū)： 有兩種情況下，關(guān)系代詞不會用that,指物時用which；指人 時用who/whom。 （1）非限定性定語從句； （2）介詞提前時。,【名師指津】,【特別提醒】,(1)先行詞是最高級或被最高級修飾。 This is the best book that I have ever read.,(2)先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞修飾。 The fir

4、st book that I bought was about how to learn English.,(3)先行詞是all, much, little, none, few 等不定代詞或由some, any, every, no等詞構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞時） I did all that I could do at that time. There was little that the doctor could do for the patient.,只用that 不用which的情況：,(4)當(dāng)先行詞被the only, the very修飾時。 The only thing that he

5、 can do is to say sorry to her. （5）先行詞既有人又有物。 Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about? （6）主句已有疑問詞who/ which時。 Which is the book that you like? Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting? Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?,（7）當(dāng)先行詞在主句中作表語，而關(guān)系詞在從句中也作表語時。 He is no longe

6、r the man that he was ten years ago. Jinan is no longer the city that it was ten years ago.,【典題例證】,The thought of going back home was _ kept him happy while he was working abroad. Athat Ball that Call what Dwhich,只用which不用that引導(dǎo)定語從句的情況：,1. 當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時。 A desert is a great plain in which nothing will

7、grow. 2. 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時。 The students was late for class 7 times a week, which made her teacher mad. 3. 一個句子中有兩個定語從句時，為避免重復(fù)，一個用that，另一個宜用which。 4. 當(dāng)先行詞本身是that時。 That which I had known about made them surprised.,用法：指人，在定語從句中作主語、賓語或表語，作賓語時常可省略。 1)I know the man who spoke to you just now.(作主語) 2)She is no

8、t the girl who she was.(作表語),3.關(guān)系代詞who的用法,.,4.關(guān)系代詞whom的用法,用法：指人，who的賓格，在定語從句中作賓語，?？墒÷?，在口語中可用who或that代替。 1)Here is the man (whom) you are looking for. 2)The woman (whom) you saw just now is our English teacher.,【特別提醒】,關(guān)系代詞who和whom的選擇,Mr. Smith is the very man who/whom you are looking for. I have a fr

9、iend who likes listening to classical music. Is that the man with whom you arrived yesterday?,5. 關(guān)系代詞whose的用法,用法：可指人，也可指物，在定語從句中作定語。 1)This is the scientist whose name is known all over the world.(指人) 2)The room whose windows face the east is mine. (指物）,I was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, a city_

10、name will create a picture of beautiful trees and green grass in our mind. which B. of which C. that D. whose,was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, a city the name will create a picture of beautiful trees and green grass in our mind.,【典題例證】,2. A person _ e-mail account is full wont be able to send or

11、receive any e-mails. A. who B. whom C. whose D. whoever,6.關(guān)系代詞as的用法,用法：既可指人，也可指物，在定語從句中作主語、賓語或表語。它常用在the sameas,suchas,soas等句型中,as不能省略。 （1）Such teachers as know Tom think him bright.(指人，作主語) （2）Ill buy the same dictionary as you have.(指物，作賓語),關(guān)系代詞as的選擇,一、當(dāng)先行詞中有so, such等修飾語時； 如： This is so good a boo

12、k as I can hardly tear myself away from. Never promise such things as you cant achieve.,This is so good a movie _ we all wish to see. This is so good a movie _ we all wish to see it.,as,that,【名師指津】,二、當(dāng)定語從句置于句首時； 如： As is known to all, the earth travels around the sun once every year. As we had expec

13、ted, the students who had cheated in the exams were punished.,_ is known to all that the earth travels around the sun once every year. A. As B. It C. That D. What,三、當(dāng)先行詞中有the same 修飾時，有時用that也有時用as來引導(dǎo)定語從句。二者意思稍有不同。如： This is the same shirt as I wore yesterday. (這件襯衣和我昨天穿的那件一樣。意思是說并不是同一件。) This is the same shirt that I wore yesterday. (這是我昨天穿的那件衣服。同一件衣服。),The students in New York are using the same textbooks as we are using.,關(guān)系代詞的省