1、標 題,學校： 教師：,Subject-Verb Agreement 主謂一致,Grammar,在英語句子里,謂語受主語支配,其動詞必須和主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致,這就叫主謂一致。尋其規(guī)律,大致可歸納為三個原則,即語法一致、邏輯意義一致和就近一致原則。,(一)語法一致原則:語法上一致就是謂語動詞和主語在單、復數(shù)形式上保持一致。 1、以單數(shù)名詞或代詞、動詞不定式短語、動名詞短語或從句作主語時,謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式;主語為復數(shù)時,謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。 如:His father is working on the farm. To study English well is not easy. W

2、hat he said is very important for us all. The children were in the classroom two hours ago. Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.,注意: 由what引導的主語從句,后面的謂語動詞多數(shù)情況用單數(shù)形式,但若表語是復數(shù)或what從句是一個帶有復數(shù)意義的并列結(jié)構(gòu)時,主句的謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。 如:What I bought were three English books. What I say and do is (are) helpful to you.,1).T

3、o hold the Olympic Games_ a rich prize for a country. (be),2). Choosing what to eat _ no longer as easy as it once was.,is,is,What we need more time . 由what, who, why, how, whether等引導的主語 從句，謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)，(但所指的具體內(nèi) 容為復數(shù)意義，則可以用復數(shù)形式. What we need are teachers.),3),is,2、由連接詞and或both and連接起來的合成主語后面,要用復數(shù)形式的謂語動

4、詞。 如:Lucy and Lily are twins. She and I are classmates. The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news. Both she and he are Young Pioneers.,注意: 若and所連接的兩個詞是指同一個人或物時,它后面的謂語動詞就應用單數(shù)形式。 如:The writer and artist has come. 由and連接的并列單數(shù)主語前如果分別有no, each, every, more than a (an) , many a (an)修飾時,

5、其謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。 如:Every student and every teacher was in the room. No boy and no girl likes it.,(1) He and I _both students of this school. 我和他都是這個學校的學生。 (2) Both rice and wheat grown in this part of China. (be) and連接兩個或兩個以上單數(shù)名詞或者代詞作主語的時候,謂語動詞用復數(shù)。,語法一致原則,are,are,a singer and dancer,The singer and dance

6、r _(be) on the stage.,is,Attention: 由and連接的兩個并列主語指同一個人或物，謂語動詞用單數(shù)，這時后面的名詞沒有冠詞。,1).The worker and writer _ our school today.( visit ) 2).The worker and the writer _ to the meeting . (have come / has come ),have come,is visiting,The gift is used to have western meals. What is it?,a knife and fork,A kni

7、fe and fork used to have meals.,is,3、主語為單數(shù)名詞或代詞,盡管后面跟有with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, rather than, more than, no less than, besides, including等引起的短語,謂語動詞仍用單數(shù)形式;若主語為復數(shù),謂語用復數(shù)形式。 如:Mr Green, together with his wife and children, has come to China. Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the p

8、layground. She, like you and Tom, is very tall.,1. The teacher with two students _ at the meeting . (was / were),2.E-mail, as well as the telephones, _ an important part in daily communication.,A. is playing B. have played C. are playing D. play,was,A,A library with five thousand books _(be) offered

9、 to the nation as a gift. Nobody but Jane _(know) the secret.,was,knows,4、either, neither, each, every 或no +單數(shù)名詞和由some, any, no, every構(gòu)成的復合不定代詞,都作單數(shù)看待。 如:Each of us has a new book. Everything around us is matter.,由each, every, no, many a所修飾的名詞，即使用 and連接作主語，謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)。 e.g. Each man and woman _ the sa

10、me rights. A. has B. have C. had D. is having Many a person read the novel. (have),has,注意: 在口語中當neither后跟有“of+復數(shù)名詞(或代詞)”作主語時,其謂語動詞也可用復數(shù)。 如:Neither of the texts is (are) interesting. 若none of后面的名詞是不可數(shù)名詞,它的謂語動詞就要用單數(shù);若它后面的名詞是復數(shù),它的謂語動詞用單數(shù)或復數(shù)都可以。 如:None of us has (have) been to America.,Nothing _ （be）dif

11、ficult in the world if you set your mind to it .,is,不定代詞everybody everyone everything anyone anybody anything someone somebody something nobody no one nothing each the other 等作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù).,2. Everything ready. (be),is,3. Someone to see you. (want),wants,5、在定語從句里,關(guān)系代詞that, who, which等作主語時,其謂語動詞的數(shù)應與句中

12、先行詞的數(shù)一致。 如:He is one of my friends who are working hard. He is the only one of my friends who is working hard.,6、如果集體名詞指的是整個集體,它的謂語動詞用單數(shù);如果它指集體的成員,其謂語動詞就用復數(shù)形式。這些詞有family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience等。 如:Class Four is on the third floor. Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor

13、. 注意:people, police, cattle等名詞一般都用作復數(shù)。如:The police are looking for the lost child.,The group _(be) made up of nine students.,The group_ (be) dancing happily.,is,are,The team _ (have) some good players. The team _(be) handsome.,has,are,7、由“a lot of, lots of, plenty of, the rest of, the majority of +

14、名詞”構(gòu)成的短語以及由“分數(shù)或百分數(shù)+名詞”構(gòu)成的短語作主語,其謂語動詞的數(shù)要根據(jù)短語中后面名詞的數(shù)而定。如:There are a lot of people in the classroom. The rest of the lecture is wonderful. 50% of the students in our class are girls. 注意: a number of許多,作定語修飾復數(shù)名詞,謂語用復數(shù);the number of的數(shù)量,主語是number,謂語用單數(shù)。,8、在倒裝句中,謂語動詞的數(shù)應與其后的主語一致。 如:There comes the bus. On

15、the wall are many pictures. Such is the result. Such are the facts.,(二)邏輯意義一致原則:邏輯意義一致就是謂語動詞的數(shù)必須和主語的意義一致(因有時主語形式為單數(shù),但意義為復數(shù);有時形式為復數(shù),但意義為單數(shù))。,1、what, who, which, any, more, all等代詞可以是單數(shù),也可是復數(shù),主要靠意思來決定。 如:Which is your bag? Which are your bags? All is going well. All have gone to Beijing.,2、表示時間、重量、長度、價

16、值等的名詞的復數(shù)作主語時,謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)形式, 這是由于作主語的名詞在概念上是一個整體 如:Thirty minutes is enough for the work. 3、若英語是書名、片名、格言、劇名、報名、國名等的復數(shù)形式,其謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)形式。 如: The Arabian Nights is an interesting story-book,表示時間、金錢、距離、重量等復數(shù)名詞，在表示單位數(shù)量用作主語時，通常被看作整體，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。,A million dollars _(is/are) really a lot of money.,is,Sixty years a l

17、ong time. （be） Three thousand miles a long distance. (be) Fifty kilograms not too heavy to be carried. (be),is,is,is,4、表數(shù)量的短語“one and a half”后接復數(shù)名詞作主語時,其謂語動詞可用單數(shù)形式,也可用復數(shù)。 如:One and a half apples is (are) left on the table. 5、算式中表示數(shù)目(字)的主語通常作單數(shù)看待,其謂語動詞采用單數(shù)形式。 如:Twelve plus eight is twenty. Fifty-six

18、divided by eight is seven.,6. 由分數(shù)或百分數(shù)或a lot of, lots of, half of, the rest of, some of, most of, all of , (a) part of +名詞作主語時，謂語動詞的形式與of 后面的名詞的數(shù)一致 e.g. Lots of damage _(be) caused by the fire. Some students are planting trees. The rest of them _(be) watering them. On the earth about 75% of the surfa

19、ce _(be) covered with water,was,are,is,7、一些學科名詞是以 -ics 結(jié)尾,如:mathematics, politics, physics 以及news, works等,都屬于形式上是復數(shù)的名詞,實際意義為單數(shù)名詞,它們作主語時,其謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。 如:The paper works was built in 1990. I think physics isnt easy to study.,8、trousers, glasses, clothes, shoes, 等詞作主語時,謂語用復數(shù),但如果這些名詞前有a (the) pair of等量詞修

20、飾時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。 如:My glasses are broken. The pair of shoes under the bed is his. 9、定冠詞the + 形容詞或分詞,表示某一類人時,動詞用復數(shù)。,(三)就近一致原則:在英語句子中,有時謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)與最近的主語保持一致。 1、當兩個主語由either or, neither nor, whether or , not only but also連接時,謂語動詞和鄰近的主語一致。 如:Either the teacher or the students are our friends. Neither they nor

21、 he is wholly right. Is neither he nor they wholly right?,A or B Not A but B Either A or B Neither A nor B Not only A but also B,Verb,Here There,+Verb,A and B,A , B and C,2、there be句型be動詞單復數(shù)取決于其后的主語。如果其后是由and連接的兩個主語,則應與靠近的那個主語保持一致。 如:There are two chairs and a desk in the room. 注意:Here引導的句子用法同上。,就近原

22、則,Neither you nor I _(be) wrong. There _(be) a cup of tea and some apples on the table.,am,is,Not only you but also he _ wrong. (is/are),Neither you nor he _ right. (is/are),There _ two shops and a cinema beside the railway station. (is/are),Here _ a map and a handbook for you. (is/are),is,is,are,is

23、,1. I, who_ your friend, will try my best to help you with your English. A. am B. is C. are D. be2. The rich _ not always happy. A. are B. is C. has D. have3. Neither Tom nor Jack and I _ his students. A. are B. am C. is D. was4. Mary as well as her sisters _ Chinese in China. A. are studying B. hav

24、e studied C. studies D. study,5. Every boy and every girl _ to attend the evening party. A. wish B. wishes C. is like D. like 6. Over 80 percent of the population of China _ peasants. A. was B. is C. would be D. are 7. The population of China _ larger than that of any other country in the world. A.

25、is B. are C. has D. have 8. Every means _ tried but without any result. A. have been B. is to be C. are to be D. has been,9. Alice, together with two boys,_ for having broken the rule. A. was punished B. punished C. were punished D. being punished 10. The League secretary and the monitor_ asked to a

26、ttend the meeting this afternoon. A. is B. was C. are D. is being11. The great writer and professor_. A. is an old man B. are both old men C. is an old man and a young man D. were two Chinese 12. There _ a pen, two pencils and three books on the desk. A. are B. is C. has D. have,13. A large number o

27、f students in our class_ girls. A. are B. was C. is D. be 14. The number of deer, mountain lions and wild roses _ much if people leave things as they are. A. doesn t change B. dont change C. change D. changed15. The Arabian Nights _ well known to the English. A. is B. are C. was D. were 16. Chairman

28、 Mao s works _ published. A. has been B. have been C. was D. is,17. The Olympic Games _ held every _ years. A .is fourB. are; fourC. is; fiveD. are; five 18 .The United States of America_ one of the most developed countries in the world. A. is B. are C. was D. were 19.He is the only one of the stude

29、nts who _ elected. A. are B. have C. has D. is 20.This is one of the most interesting questions that _ asked. A. haveB. hasC. have beenD. has been,21.All_ present and all_ going on well, our monitor said. A. is; isB. are; are C. are; is D. is; are 22.Your trousers_ dirty. You must have_ washed. A. is; it B. are; itC. are; them D. is; them 23.This pair of trousers _ too long for him. A. isB. be C .are D. were 24. One and a half bananas _ left on the table. A. isB. are C. has D. have,25. Eight times eight _ sixty - four. A. is B. ar