1、Ing-form as Predictive, Attributive and Complement,How to and what to about ing-form,ing-form作表語(yǔ)的兩種不同含義： a. 動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)，表示主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容是什么。如 His job is looking after the children. 他的工作是照看孩子。 My hobby is painting. 我的愛(ài)好是繪畫(huà)。 此類句子可改寫(xiě)為：Painting is my hobby.,b. 分詞作表語(yǔ)，表示主語(yǔ)所具有的特征。如: That boy can be very annoying. 那個(gè)孩子有時(shí)

2、候真是煩人。 The problem is quite puzzling. 這個(gè)問(wèn)題很令人困惑。 ing-form是形容詞。,II. ing-form作定語(yǔ)的兩種不同含義： a. 動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明被修飾名詞的用途。如： reading material閱讀材料walking stick手杖 fishing pole魚(yú)桿 listening practice 聽(tīng)力訓(xùn)練 此類詞組可理解為： reading materials = materials for reading 供閱讀的材料 a swimming pool = a pool for swimming 供游泳的池子,b. 分詞作定語(yǔ)，說(shuō)

3、明被修飾的名詞是分詞的主語(yǔ)： a waiting car 一輛等待著的車 a sleeping child一個(gè)酣睡的孩子 flying fish 飛魚(yú) a boring speech令人乏味的演出 可以改寫(xiě)為： a car that is waiting; a boy that is sleeping; a speech that is boring等。,分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，也可表示經(jīng)常性動(dòng)作或當(dāng)時(shí)的狀態(tài)。如： developing countries = countries that are developing 發(fā)展中國(guó)家 a growing city = a city

4、that is growing 不斷發(fā)展著的城市 an ordinary-looking house = a house that looks ordinary 看起來(lái)很普通的房子 working people= people who work 勞動(dòng)人民,注：分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)，應(yīng)放在被修飾詞的后面，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。如： Who is the man standing by the door? 站在門(mén)邊的那個(gè)人是誰(shuí)？ They lived in a house facing south. 他們住在一所朝南的房子里。,相當(dāng)于一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，常用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi): The words, usuall

5、y dealing with current work, were mostly written by himself. 歌詞一般講當(dāng)前的工作，大部分是他自己寫(xiě)的。 When she appeared, John, wearing a dirty and worn-out overcoat, ran to her with joy.當(dāng)她出現(xiàn)的時(shí)候，約翰穿著一件又臟又破的大衣高興地跑了過(guò)去。,III. 分詞可以在某些動(dòng)詞后面與名詞或代詞構(gòu)成一個(gè)復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)，用作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。如： I noticed a man running out of the bank when I got off the car

6、. 我下車的時(shí)候注意到一個(gè)男人匆匆忙忙地從銀行里跑出來(lái)。 Last night the shopkeeper caught a thief stealing some jwelry in the shop. 昨晚，店主在商店里抓到一個(gè)小偷在偷珠寶。,?？蛇@樣用的動(dòng)詞有： see, hear, notice, watch, feel, look at, listen to, observe, have, get, leave, keep, set, catch, find等。 get sb. To do sth. / get sb. doing sth. find sb. doing sth.

7、/ find sth. done,這類句子變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，分詞可看成是主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。如： We were kept waiting for quite a long time. 讓我們等了好長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。 A thief was caught stealing at the spot. 一個(gè)小偷在偷東西的時(shí)候被抓住了。,a. 動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)與不定式作表語(yǔ)的區(qū)別： 表示抽象的、泛指時(shí)，多用動(dòng)名詞；表示具體的或一次性的動(dòng)作，特別是表將來(lái)的動(dòng)作，多用不定式。如： My job is teaching. 我的工作是教書(shū)。 My job is to teach you English this term. 我這一學(xué)期的工作是教你們英語(yǔ)。,b. 分詞作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)與不定式作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的區(qū)別： 分詞強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作是進(jìn)行的、持續(xù)的；不定式表示動(dòng)作是發(fā)生過(guò)的、一次性的或經(jīng)常發(fā)生的： We watched the boys playing games there. 我們看著孩子們?cè)谀抢锿嬗螒颉?They got the workers working long hours without re