1、非謂語動詞,在英語中，動詞按其在句子中的作用，可分為：謂語動詞和非謂語動詞。 謂語動詞就是可以單獨直接在句子中做謂語的動詞。 非謂語動詞就是不能單獨在句子中做謂語的動詞。,一、什么叫做非謂語動詞,非謂語使用條件,一個句子當中，已經(jīng)存在一個主句（謂語動詞）,又沒有連詞的情況下,She got off the bus, but left her handbag on her seat. She got off the bus, leaving her handbag on her seat.,二、非謂語動詞的表現(xiàn)形式有：,不定式 （to do） 現(xiàn)在分詞 （doing） 過去分詞 （done） 動

2、名詞 （doing）,三、非謂語動詞的特征,1、動詞特征：,A、時態(tài)： 一般式 完成式 to do to have done doing having done,進行式 完成進行式 to be doing to have been doing,I think it wise _ (ask)him for advice. They seem _ (finish) their work. _ (do)his homework, he went out for play. He sent me an e-mail, _ (hope) to get more advice.,to ask,to hav

3、e finished,Having done,hoping,B、語態(tài)： 主動語態(tài) 被動語態(tài) to do to be done to have done to have been done doing being done having done having been done,He is asked _ (send)to work in the factory. He is said _ (send) to London already. This is the problem _ (discuss) at the meeting now. _ many times, he still co

4、uldnt understand it.,to be sent,to have been sent,being discussed,Having been told,注：非謂語動詞的否定結構是：not +非謂語動詞,The patient was warned not to eat oil food after the operation. Not knowing what to do, he phoned him again. Tony was unhappy for not having been invited to the party.,四、非謂語動詞充當?shù)某煞?(一) 不定式與動名詞

5、作主語,不定式作主語多表示具體的某次動作，尤其是指將來的動作。,動名詞作主語多表示習慣性的、經(jīng)常性的動作。,_ with fire is dangerous. A. Playing B. To play _ with fire will be dangerous. A. To play B. Playing,A,A,(二) 動名詞與不定式作賓語,在一個句子中，用不定式，還是用動名詞作賓語，往往是由句子謂語動詞的用法來決定的。,非謂語動詞作賓語有以下幾種情況：,A. 以下動詞常接不定式作賓語,wish, ask, promise, pretend, fail, decide, learn, ag

6、ree, manage, demand, plan, refuse, seem, expect, want, hope, arrange, attempt, choose, determine, happen, offer, prepare, appear, afford, intend, desire,B. 以下動詞常接動名詞作賓語,suggest, finish, enjoy, mind, avoid, miss, practise, excuse, consider, appreciate, imagine, escape, finish, keep, stand,look forwar

7、d to, devoteto, get down to, be/get used to, pay attention to, lead to, stick to, preferto, be busy,1. like、love、hate、prefer等詞后接不定式時，表示具體的某次動作，尤其是將來的動作； 接動名詞時， 表示習慣、經(jīng)驗、體會。,I prefer being alone. I prefer to stay at home today.,C. 既可接不定式 又可接動名詞作賓語的動詞,2. remember、forget、regret 等詞后接不定式時，表示一未發(fā)生的動作；接動名詞時，

8、表示一已經(jīng)發(fā)生了的 動作。,I forgot telling him the news. I forgot to tell him the news. I dont remember having ever promised you that.,3. 跟不定式、動名詞意義完全不同。,mean doing/to do, stop doing/to do, go on doing/to do, try doing/to do, can not help doing/to do,4. want、need、require、request等此后接不定式用被動式的形式；動名詞用主動式的形式。句子的意思沒有

9、差別。但句子的主語一般是一表物的名詞或代詞。,Your watch needs repairing to be repaired. The windows need painting again to be painted again.,5. 固定句型,Its no use/good/useless doing sth. Its kind/wise/clever of sb. to do sth. Its important/hard for sb. to do sth.,If I had remembered _ (close) the window, the thief would not

10、 have got in. 2. She reached the top of the hill and stopped _ (rest) on a big rock by the side of the path . 3. This sentence needs _ (improve).,to close,to rest,improving或to be improved,4. Rather than _ on a crowded bus , he always prefers _ a bicycle . A . ride ; ride B . riding ; ride C . ride ;

11、 to ride D . to ride ; riding 5. They would not allow him _ across the enemy line . A. to risk going B. risking to go C. for risk to go D. risk going,C,A,6. The squirrel was so lucky that it just missed _ . Acatching Bto be caught Cbeing caught Dto catch 7. There are lots of places of interest _ in

12、our city. A. needs repairing B. needing repaired C. needed repairing D. needing to be repaired,C,D,8. I can hardly imagine Peter _ (sail) across the Atlantic Ocean in 15 days.,sailing,(三) 非謂語動詞作狀語,1. 現(xiàn)在分詞(v+ing)作狀語表示主動的動作。 2.過去分詞(v+ed)有兩大特點，一是表被動的動作；二是表已完成的動作。,1. 時間狀語：可改為時間狀語從句，也可在分詞前加上連詞“when , whi

13、le , until”等，使其時間意義更明確。(多置于句首，也可置于句末) 2. 原因狀語：可改為原因狀語從句或并列結構。(多置于句首或句末，也可置于句中) 3. 條件狀語：可加連詞if , unless 等；也可換成條件狀語從句。(多置于句首) 4. 讓步狀語：有時可加 although , though , even if , even though , whetheror 等連詞，可轉換成讓步狀語從句。(多置于句首) 5. 結果狀語：可改為結果狀語從句。（多置于句末） 6. 方式、伴隨狀語：可改成并列結構或從句。(多置于句末),A. 現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞作狀語,When they hear

14、d the news, they all jumped with joy.,Hearing,When the baby saw its mother, it smiled.,Seeing,As they hoped to get our support, they sent us their statement.,Hoping,The snow lasted a week, so it resulted in a serious traffic confusion in the whole area.,resulting,When hearing,While he worked in the

15、factory, he was an advanced worker.,Working,While working,When seeing,When it is seen from the hill, the park looks very beautiful . Dont speak until you are spoken to. Because he was greatly touched by his teachers words , the boy did a lot of things to help his classmates . If we were given more t

16、ime , we could do it much better . He was warned of the danger, but he still went skating on the ice.,Seen,Greatly touched,Given,spoken,Warned,he,If given,When seen,B. 不定式作狀語,不定式作狀語常用來表目的、結果或原因、程度、條件等。,She looked into the window, and wanted to see what was going on inside.,She looked into the window

17、 to see what was going on inside.,注：表目的的不定式還常與so as或in order連用，構成so as (not) to do和in order (not) to do 結構，其中so as (not) to do 不能用于句首。,To get there in time, we got up very early. = In order to get there in time, we got up very early. = We got up very early (in order/so as) to get there in time.,Tom

18、kept quiet about the accident so that he would not lose his job.,=so as not to lose his job.,動名詞在句中不能單獨作狀語，但它可以和before, after ,on, by, in ,without 等介詞構成介詞短語，在句中作狀語。例如：,C. 動名詞作狀語,Without saying a word, he went away. On arriving in Beijing, he telephoned me.,_(know) that he won the match, he threw the

19、 cap into the sky. 2. _(finish) the homework, the little girl doesnt dare to go to school. 3. _ (write)in simple English, the book is easy to read. 4. _ (become)a teacher in a university, it is necessary to have at least a masters degree.,Having known,Not having finished,Written,To become,5. The vis

20、iting minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, _ that he had enjoyed his stay here. A having added B. to add C. adding D. added 6. _ up at his father, he asked what was the matter with him. A. Having looked B. Looking C. To look D. Look 7. _ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too

21、 late to clean up the river. A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered,C,B,A,不定式,現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞作補足語的區(qū)別: 不定式： 強調(diào)被補足的賓語或主語的動作的全 過程。 過去分詞：強調(diào)被補足的賓語或主語所承受的 動作。過去分詞作補足語時，這些 過去分詞一般都來自及物動詞，表 被動或完成之意。 現(xiàn)在分詞：強調(diào)被補足的賓語或主語正在進行 的動作。,(四) 非謂語動詞作補足語,1. 表示感覺和心理狀態(tài)的動詞，如 hear, watch, feel, find, give, listen to

22、, look at, notice, observe, see, smell, watch 等詞的句子中。,2. 表示“致使”等意義的使役動詞，如 catch, make, have, get, keep, leave, set 的句子中。,3. with 引導的結構中。,非謂語動詞作賓語補足語最常見的是出現(xiàn)在使役動詞、感覺動詞的句型結構中。即：,have sb. do sth. have sb. doing sth. have sth. done have sth. doing,She was glad to see her child well _ (take) care of. 2. W

23、e are pleased to see the problem _ (settle) so quickly. 3. I could feel the wind _ (blow)on my face from an open window.,taken,settled,blowing,C,A,4. He found them _ at a table_. A. seating; playing chess B. sitting; to play chess C. seated; playing chess D. seat; play the chess 5. John rushed out i

24、n a hurry, _ the door_. A. leaving; unlocked B. leaving; unlocking C. left, unlocked D. to leave; unlocking,6. With a lot of work _, he didnt go to the film. A. to be done B. to do C. doing D. having done 7. He knocked against the table and sent the bowls _ in all directions before _. A. flying; sen

25、t to sleep B. flying; sending to sleep C. to fly; to be sent to sleep D. to fly; sending sleeping,B,A,1. This book is really _. A. to entertain B. entertained C. entertaining 2. He grew more _ and a little _ when he got to the mysterious cave. A. exciting; frightened B. exciting; frightening C. exci

26、ted; frightened D. excited; frightening 3. The main job of the ant queen is _ eggs. A. to lay B. laying C. lain D. laid,C,C,B,(五) 非謂語動詞作表語,4. The boy was _, so I didnt believe him again. A. disappointing B. disappointed C. to disappoint 5. At the sight of the snake, the little girl got _. A. to be f

27、rightened B. frightening C. frightened,A,C,現(xiàn)在分詞(V+ing)作定語：表示所修飾名詞正在進行的,主動的動作 。 過去分詞(V+ed)作定語：表示一個已經(jīng)完成了的,被動的動作 。 不定式作定語：表示所修飾名詞一個將來的動作。 動名詞作定語：表示所修飾名詞的用途。,(六) 非謂語動詞作定語,A football fan is a person who has a strong interest in football. 2. I am looking for the train which will go to Shanghai. 3. It was

28、at the school which was named after a hero that he spent his childhood. 4. Who is the person that is standing at the gate of Beijing Tourism Tower? 5. The house which is being built belongs to my uncle.,having,to go to,named,standing,being built,非謂語動詞做題步驟,一、分析句子結構, 辨別“謂與非謂”,1. _many times , but he still couldnt understand it .,2. _many times , he still couldnt understand it .,A. Having