1、2012MBA詞匯基礎班自用講義王健第一節(jié) 詞匯概述一、大綱描述新大綱規(guī)定：5500詞匯和常用短語（刪去300商務詞匯）；2010年起不再單獨設立題型考察；詞匯考察直接體現(xiàn)在英語知識運用部分，該部分的詞匯題量較前幾年大幅增加；對詞匯的考察間接體現(xiàn)在閱讀理解和翻譯中。詞匯應用1It remains to be seen whether the world can maintain its linguistic and cultural diversity in the centuries ahead. Many powerful forces appear to work against it:

2、 population growth, which pushes migrant populations into the worlds last isolated locations; mass tourism; global telecommunications and mass media; and the spread of gigantic global corporations. All of these forces appear to signify a future in which the language of advertising, popular culture,

3、and consumer products become similar. Already English and a few other major tongues have emerged as global languages of commerce and communication. For many of the worlds peoples, learning one of these languages is viewed as the key to education, economic opportunity, and a better way of life. （07-T

4、1）詞匯應用2In Germany the new chancellor, Angela Merkel, is under fire for suggesting changing the financing of its health system. （2007T2）But by the end of 2009 Ms. Simmons was under fire for having sat on Goldmans compensation committee; how could she have let those enormous bonus payouts pass unremar

5、ked? （2011T1）Many everyday tasks take a surprising toll on the environment.（2011翻譯）Working at nonstandard timesevenings, nights, or weekendsis taking its toll on American families.（2005T1）詞匯應用3（1）As skies fill with millions of migrating birds, European scientists say the seasonal miracle appears to

6、depend on a seeming _. The fatter the bird, the more efficiently it flies.A. interruption B. description C. qualification D. contradiction（2）The local people were joyfully surprised to find the prices of vegetables no longer _ according to the weather.A. evaluatedB. convertedC. fluctuatedD. modified

7、詞匯應用4In 1999，the price of oil hovered around $16 a barrel. By 2008, it had 21 the $100 a barrel mark. The reasons for the surge 22 from the dramatic growth of the economies of China and India to widespread 23 in oil-producing regions, including Iraq and Nigeriasdelta region.（09年完形）21. A. come B. gon

8、eC. crossed D. arrived22. A. covered B. discovered C. arranged D. ranged23. A. intensity B. infinity C. insecurity D. instability四、語境識別法：語境用詞，詞形、詞性、詞意、用法均得以鞏固，擴展詞匯（一）閱讀語境1. Nowadays, we hear a lot about the growing threat of globalization, accompanied by those warnings that the rich pattern of local

9、 life is being undermined, and many dialects and traditions are becoming extinct. But stop and think for a moment about the many positive aspects that globalization is bringing. Read on and you are bound to feel comforted, ready to face the global future, which is surely inevitable now.2. While regu

10、lated ecotourism can help conservation efforts by encouraging people to manage endangered species and their habitats, many projects are poorly designed and unregulated, it says. “Many ecotourist projects are unaudited, unauthorized and merely hint they are based on environmentally friendly policies

11、and operations.”3. At the Kyoto conference on global warming in December 1997, it became abundantly clear how complex it has become to work out international agreements relating to the environment because of economic concerns unique to each country. It is no longer enough to try to forbid certain ac

12、tivities or to reduce emissions of certain substances. The global challenges of the interlink between the environment and development increasingly bring us to the core of the economic life of states. During the late 1980s we were able, through international agreements, to make deep cuts in emissions

13、 harmful to the ozone layer. These reductions were made possible because substitutions had been found for many of the harmful chemicals and, more important, because the harmful substances could be replaced without negative effects on employment and the economies of states.（二）單句語境1. Probability is th

14、e mathematical study of the likelihood of an events occurrence.A. agreement B. possibility C. consequence D. effectiveness#Divorce rates are highest among the young, and, if a marriage survives its first few years, there is an increased likelihood that it will continue.3. Maria deliberately missed t

15、he first train so as to travel on the same one as John.A. intentionally B. intensively C. decisively D. objectively#intentionally=deliberately=on purpose=purposefully#11. Betty was offended because she felt that her friends had ignored her purposefully at the party.A. desperatelyB. definitely C. del

16、iberately D. decisively 8. It is impossible for you to persuade him into changing his mind. He is a person who adheres to conventional ideas.A. intendsB. confinesC. clings D. determines#Some drift from job to job. Others 76 to work in which they are unhappy and for which they are not fitted.76.A. ap

17、ply B. appealC. stick D. turnStick to=adhere to=cling to=keep to=persist in=insist on11. The manager said that they had an _ plan if the plan they had submitted was not accepted.A. alternate B. alternative C. absolute D. appreciable# Alternatively, payroll checks may be deposited directly in the emp

18、loyees checking account. (2000-T5)13. At first it seemed that the building would be all right but later it was found to need _.A. installations B. modificationsC. innovations D. illustrations#Ironically, the trend of technological innovation that has threatened minority languages could also help sav

19、e them.# The cheerful Mr Pickwick , the hero of the novel by Charles Dickens , is seen in illustrations as someone who is plump-and happy14. Jane read the article over ten minutes but continued to feel the event related were _.A. inheritable B. infeasible C. incredible D. inaccessible15. The problem

20、 had become _ in his mind, and he could not decide what to do about it.A. simplified B. matured C. exaggerated D. isolated“People exaggerate how much happiness is bought by an extra few thousand,” Oswald said. “The quality of relationships has a far bigger effect than quite large rise in salary.18.

21、He _ the place where he had been bitten by an insect.A. snatched B. scratched C. squeezed D. stretched16. As more and more cars are produced and used, so the _ from their exhaust-pipes contains an even larger volume of poisonous gas.A. exposure B. distribution C. expansion D. emission#During the lat

22、e 1980s we were able, through international agreements, to make deep cuts in emissions harmful to the ozone layer.#In the efforts to reduce humanitys emissions of carbon dioxide, three solutions have been offered: hydrogen-powered cars, electric cars and biofuels.#According to the text, a solution t

23、o the “ecotourism” problem is to reduce the exposure of wildlife to human beings.19. She _ the temptation to buy a coat she could not afford.A. challenged B. obstructed C. contradicted D. resisted20. Evidence obtained from observation and experiment is often used to _ a scientific theory.A. confirm

24、B. confine C. conform D. conceiveConform to=comply with=observeIn conformity to=in compliance with#The building doesnt conform to the safety regulations.#His ideas dont conform to mine.#comply with /abide by the rules第三節(jié) 詞匯應用練習一、詞匯精選練習第一組11. Overseas athletes and officials were impressed by the supe

25、rb performance of Chinese counterparts.A. supreme B. sophisticatedC. splendid D. successiveSplendid=superb=brilliant=majestic=grandious=imposing=magnificent=striking=spectacular=outstanding=prominent=eminent=impressive# success; successful：成功#Exceptionally successful people are not lone pioneers who

26、 created their own successsuccession; successive：連續(xù)successive trials and observations subsequence；subsequent;后來的；隨后的#There was often tension between each established group of immigrants and each succeeding group. Substitutefor12. In contrast, the threat posed by the second source of major terrorism

27、is real and large.A. proposedB. presentedC. predictedD. prevented #1Because of the increase in the number of the local residents and the demand for timber, rain forests keep shrinking, posing a direct threat to the survival of many rare species.#2Problems like the deterioration of the ecosystem resu

28、lting from water crisis are posing a great threat to human beings.（06漢譯英）13. Schools are advised to work together with parents to address the issue of addiction to computer games.A. speak to B. deal with C. take down D. go for#08-18. Will Americans go for AT&Ts plan of pushing the wireless services

29、in the U.S?A. supportB. adoptC. hinderD. attack 14. Around the Spring Festival, a prevailing practice is to exchange greetings and visits.A. prevalentB. populousC. precedingD. pretentious #09-27. Unemployment seems to be the _ social problem in this area and may undermine social stability.A. prevale

30、ntB. primitiveC. previousD. premature 15. With the debt approaching a staggering sum, this company had no choice but to declare bankruptcy.A. astonishingB. swayingC. tremblingD. amusing Staggering=astonishing=surprising=startling=stunning=amazing=shocking16. In the light of the current news his argu

31、ment seems to be well grounded and convincing. A. On account ofB. By means of=via=byC. With regard to=in regard toD. In view of #（2010-18）Romantic novels, as opposed to realistic ones, tend to present idealized versions of life, often with a happy ending. A. in contrast to B. in regard to C. in term

32、s of D. in light of 17. Some scientists are trying to eliminate malaria by developing a GM mosquito that cant transmit the disease.GM: genetically modifiedA. remove=get rid ofB. fabricate=make up C. enhance=increaseD. utilize=make use of #（08年-13）Witnesses were allegedly tortured or subjected to pre

33、ssure to fabricate evidence against him. A fix upB take upC pack upD make up 18. The city council decided to set up a school devoted exclusively to the needs of problem children.A. forcefullyB. entirelyC. reluctantlyD. externally;internallyEternal=everlasting=permanent; exterior; interior; outside;

34、inside; 19. My mom would rather put honesty first in her hierarchy of values, which is important for our growth.A. inventoryB. assessment=estimate=appraisal=evaluationC. accumulationD. grading #In modern companies and democracies, power is increasingly diffused and traditional hierarchies are being

35、undermined, making soft power ever more important.(09-t3)20. As the train service had been suspended, thousands of people had to wait for days at the station.A. elevated slightlyB. cancelled completelyC. stop temporarilyD. delayed frequently #As soon as the board election promulgates the list of can

36、didates, a ballot is prepared.A. informally discussB. quickly contactsC. officially declaredD. critically reviews Section B21. Some stories bring a smile, because they _ some officials who care nothing but their own position.A. make sense of B. poke fun atC. give rise to D. let go of#Adams stories a

37、nd comic figures poke fun at the workplace, but his characterization of peoples feelings about the annual performance review has its serious side.#The existence of these and other stereotypes can give rise to considerable misunderstanding and can block the development of a mutually satisfactory rela

38、tionship between particular individuals.22. Despite the suspects _ to be innocent, there is compelling evidence that he was involved.A. conviction/convincing B. accusationC. assertion D. speculation #2010-25. The jurys_ was that the accused was guilty.A. verdict B. sentenceC. trial D. debate 23. The

39、se papers have helped to _ the causes of depression and ways out of depression.A. catch sight of B. take advantage ofC. shed/cast/throw light onD. get along with #09-14. The growth of part-time and flexible working pattern allows more women to take advantage of job opportunities.A. catch up withB. m

40、ake use ofC. cast light onD. get rid of #07-25 In calculating the daily calorie requirements for an individual, variations in body size, physical activity and age should be_.A. brought into practiceB. taken into accountC. throw light onD. looked down upon Well bring the new policy into action. Your

41、statement does not throw light on the subject.This information may throw light on the mystery.24. A person must satisfy his physiological needs, such as food, clothing and shelter, before _ any other objective.A. pursuing B. chasing C. sustaining D. searching 25. Studies have shown that workers desi

42、re to be accepted by co-workers could _ them more strongly than the desire to earn more money.A. regulate B. motivate C. dominate D. manipulate #05-24. Tennessees population is nearly two-fifths rural, and no single city or group of Cities _ the state.A. dominatesB. managesC. manipulatesD. controls

43、26. Wealth, advanced education and a _ occupation can give a person high status in society.A. tedious B. courteous C. prestigious D. notorious27. Since 2004, some 60 million visitors to the U.S. have had their two index fingerprints recorded by an_ scanner.A. opposite B. organicC. occasional D. opti

44、cal=optic #This led to the dot-com stock bubble and a massive overinvestment in the fiber-optic cable needed to carry all the new digital information. #The technology would require some new software and fiber-optic links to the PC, but otherwise no change in basic facilities. 28. The construction of

45、 _ and theories reflects the scientists interpretation of what has been observed.A. prototypes B. hypothesesC. fantasies D. imaginations#For example, hypotheses and theories are attempts to explain natural phenomena. From these positions the scientist continues to experiment and observe until they a

46、re proved or discredited (使不相信). # Although they have not yet built a fuel factory, or even a small prototype, the scientists say it is all based on existing technology.29. By the year 2040, Yale University will need over eight acres of land to_ its library.A. illustrate B. obligate/obligation=respo

47、nsibility=commitmentFulfill the legal obligationsC. illuminate D. accommodate#07-21. His essay is _ with more than 120 full-color photographs that depict the national park in all seasons.A. containedB. illustratedC. exposedD. strengthened #A possible disadvantage of telecommuting is that computer te

48、chnology is never advanced enough to accommodate the needs of every situation.(2000-T4)Our textbook is very well illustrated. 我們的課本插圖豐富。He pointed at the diagram to illustrate his point. 他指著圖表來說明他的論點。30. Heart-broken and desperate, she was determined to leave this family _.A. permanently B. alternat

49、ivelyC. conclusively D. exceptionally#The manager said that they had an _ plan if the plan they had submitted was not accepted.A. alternate B. alternativeC. absoluteD. appreciable #Gladwells new book Outliers seems at first glance to be a description of exceptionally talented individuals. But in fac

50、t, its another book about deep patterns.第二組Section A11. Betty was offended because she felt that her friends had ignored her purposefully at the party.A. desperately B. definitely C. deliberately D. decisively deliberately=on purpose=purposefully =intentionally12. There has been enough playing aroun

51、d, so lets get down to business.A. make a dealB. begin our work C. reach an agreementD. change our planThats enough fun and games! Lets get down to work.別再玩兒了! 咱們安下心來工作吧。He got down to his work after the holidays.度假之后他開始專心工作。13. How is it possible for our human body to convert yesterdays lunch into

52、todays muscle?A. alterB. develop C. modifyD. turn convert=turn=change (into)He altered one of the rooms into a bedroom.他把一間屋子改建成了臥室。#The energy produced in the reactors converted into heat and electricity, and these have little or no pollution at all.（09完型） #Both convert that fuel, first into heat,

53、then energy, some of which is used to do work,（07完型）14. It is important for families to observe their traditions even as their children get older.A. notice B. watchC. followD. celebrate 15. It is difficult to comprehend, but everything you have ever seen, smelt, heard or felt is merely your brains i

54、nterpretation of incoming stimuli. A. explanationB. evaluation C. recognition D. interruptionIncoming trains; incoming mail; 正進站的火車; 剛來的郵件stimuli是名詞stimulus 的復數(shù)形式stigma16. Life is more important than the pressures and stresses that we place on ourselves over work and other commitments.A. appointments B. arrangements C. obligations D. devotions=dedicationobligations= responsibilities=commitments 17. If you continue to indulge in computer games like this, your future will be at stake.A. in danger B. without questionC. on guardD. at large stake：樁；賭注；下注I have staked all my hopes on you.我已經