1、圍棋weiqi,A4 13水利水電2班 夏偉,在這里給大家先說一下，圍棋的英語單詞 For everyone here, go to the English words. 圍棋的英文： Go（源自日文的發(fā)音）, weiqi, the game of go 或the chess of go （但weiqi用得比較普遍，是我國提倡的英文譯法）。本人比較喜歡weiqi這個翻譯！,圍棋the game of go,一、歷史 A, history 起源 Feels origin 發(fā)展 Feels the development 二、棋具 Two, chess 三、規(guī)則 Three, rules 基本下法

2、 The basic method feels 勝負判別 The outcome of the discriminant feels 競賽規(guī)定 Feels competition regulations 古代規(guī)則 Feels the ancient rules 四、常用術(shù)語 Four, commonly used terms 五、級位段位 Five, level of Dan 六、頭銜 Six, title 七、賽事，棋手,問題一 Problem: 中國古代四大藝術(shù)“琴棋書畫”的“棋”特指象棋還是圍棋？ China four ancient art fancies of men of lett

3、ers chess refers to chess or go? 棋指圍棋。 在古代，彈琴（多指古琴）、弈棋（多指圍棋）、書法、繪畫是文人騷客（包括一些名門閨秀）修身所必須掌握的技能，合稱“琴棋書畫” Chess refers to go. In ancient times, the piano (especially the Guqin), chess (usually go), calligraphy and painting is bookman (including some noble family) must master the skills of self-cultivatio

4、n, collectively referred to as literature,歷史History,起源Origin 圍棋是一種策略性兩人棋類游戲，中國古時稱“弈”，西方名稱“go”。流行于東亞國家（中、日、韓等），屬琴棋書畫四藝之一。 Go is a strategy board game of two people, Chinese in ancient times called Yi, Western name go. Popular in East Asian countries (China, Japan and Korea etc.), is one of the four a

5、rts and literature,圍棋起源于中國，傳為堯作，春秋戰(zhàn)國時代即有記載。隋唐時經(jīng)朝鮮傳入日本，流傳到歐美各國。有學者認為，圍棋蘊含著漢民族文化的豐富內(nèi)涵，是中國文化與文明的體現(xiàn)。 Weiqi originated in China, passed to Yao, spring and autumn and the Warring States era records. Sui and Tang dynasties after North Korea into Japan, spread to Europe and the United states. Some scholars

6、think that chess contains rich connotation of Chinese culture, is the embodiment of Chinese culture and civilization.,圍棋使用方形格狀棋盤及黑白二色圓形棋子進行對弈，棋盤上有縱橫各19條直線將棋盤分成361個交叉點，棋子走在交叉點上，雙方交替行棋，落子后不能移動，以圍地多者為勝。中國古代圍棋是黑白雙方在對角星位處各擺放兩子（對角星布局），由白棋先行?，F(xiàn)代圍棋由日本發(fā)展而來，取消了座子規(guī)則，黑先白后，使圍棋的變化更加復雜多變。圍棋也被認為是世界上最復雜的棋盤游戲之一。 Go wi

7、th square lattice board and black and white two color round chessmen chessboard for chess, with vertical and horizontal 19 each line will board into 361 intersections, pieces. At the cross point, alternating sides for chess, Lazi can not move, to ground more for victory. The ancient Chinese chess is

8、 both black and white in the horoscope at each placed two diagonal (diagonal layout, first by the white star). Modern chess by the Japanese development, cancelled the transposon rules, black to white, causes the weiqi changes more and more complex and changeful. Weiqi is also considered one of the w

9、orlds most complex board game.,發(fā)展 Development,春秋戰(zhàn)國 The spring and Autumn period and the Warring States Period 圍棋這時已在社會廣泛流傳了。左傳襄公二十五年載：“衛(wèi)獻公自夷儀使與寧喜言，寧喜許之。大叔文子聞之，曰：嗚呼今寧子視君不如弈棋，其何以免乎？弈者舉棋不定，不勝其耦，而況置君而弗定乎？必不免矣！”這是歷史上第一次可靠的涉及圍棋的記載，時間是公元前548年。Go now in the society has been widely circulated. Zuo Xianggong

10、twenty-five years set: Wei Xian Gong Yi to self and Ning Xiyan, Ning Xi xu. The smell of the uncle, said: ah. This Ning Zi regarded Jun as the free chess, why? The players not hesitate about what move to make, the prince of coupling, and Fuding? Will not! This is the first time in the history of rel

11、iable relates to chess records, time is 548 bc. 孔子論語陽貨載：子曰：“飽食終日，無所用心，難矣哉。不有博弈者乎？為之猶賢乎已?！?Kong Zi the Analects of Confucius goods set: the master said: a careless, hard to be kazuya. Not a game of? Still be virtuous has.,秦漢三國 During the Three Kingdoms 秦滅六國一統(tǒng)天下，有關(guān)圍棋的活動也鮮有記載。 Qin unified the six count

12、ries, about go activity also little record. 到東漢初年，社會上還是“博行于世而弈獨絕”的狀況。直至東漢中晚期，圍棋活動才又漸盛行。 To the Eastern Han Dynasty, the society or the bo ok in the world and implement unique situation. Until the Eastern Han Dynasty in late, go to also gradually popular activities.,南北朝 The northern and Southern Dyna

13、sties 由于南北朝時期玄學的興起，導致文人學士以尚清談為榮，因而弈風更盛，下圍棋被稱為“手談”。上層統(tǒng)治者也無不雅好弈棋，他們以棋設(shè)官，建立“棋品”制度，對有一定水平的“棋士”，授予與棋藝相當?shù)摹捌犯瘛保ǖ燃墸?Due to the rise of the northern and Southern Dynasties period of metaphysics, lead to Shang Qing literati talk as the honor, so the game is much more vigorous, chess is called hands. The uppe

14、r rulers Ya good chess, they set a officer in the chess, the establishment of or system, to have a certain level of champion, grant and chess very character (rank).,隋唐宋元Sui and Tang Dynasties, the song and Yuan Dynasties,由19道棋盤代替了過去的17道棋盤，從此19道棋盤成為主流。而隨著隋帝國對外的政策，高句麗、新羅百濟把圍棋帶到了朝鮮半島，遣隋使把圍棋帶到了日本國。 By t

15、he 19 board to replace the 17 board the past, from 19 the board has become the mainstream of. With the Sui empires foreign policy, Goguryeo, Baekje to go to Xinluo with the Korean Peninsula, Sui make go to japan. 唐宋時期，可以視為圍棋游藝在歷史上發(fā)生的第二次重大變化時期。 Tang and Song Dynasties, can be regarded as the chess en

16、tertainment in history occurred in second major period of change. 明清The Ming and Qing Dynasties 明清兩代，棋藝水平得到了迅速的提高。 During the two dynasties, chess level has been rapidly improved.,對外傳播 External communication 到19世紀中葉后，日本的圍棋水平趕上中國，并在其后的一百年間，將中國遠遠拋在后面。 By the middle of the nineteenth Century, the Japan

17、ese go to catch up with the Chinese level, and in the subsequent one hundred years, will Chinese far behind. 中國和越南的交往可以上溯到秦漢時期，西漢時曾置交趾郡，轄境包括今天越南的大部分地區(qū)。 Exchanges between China and Vietnam can be traced back to the Qin and Han Dynasties, the Western Han Dynasty had the Jiaozhi, territory including th

18、is most parts of vietnam. 圍棋主要呈現(xiàn)中、韓、日三國鼎立的局面。日本圍棋整體水平止步不前，中韓圍棋水平不斷提高，形成了中韓爭霸的局面。 Go the main presentation, South Korea and Japan the situation of tripartite confrontation. Japan go the whole level of stalled, China and Korea go constantly raise the level of the formation of China and South Korea str

19、ives for hegemony situation.,圍棋主要呈現(xiàn)中、韓、日三國鼎立的局面。日本圍棋整體水平止步不前，中韓圍棋水平不斷提高，形成了中韓爭霸的局面。 Go the main presentation, Han, day the Three Kingdoms situation. Japan go the whole level of stalled, China and Korea go level enhances unceasingly, has formed the situation of China and South Korea strives for hegem

20、ony. 2013年中國包攬圍棋界所有世界冠軍。不僅日本九段在中國新生代棋手面前，已經(jīng)失去了往昔的那種競爭力，曾領(lǐng)一時風騷的韓國九段們，也已經(jīng)很難跟得上中國新生代棋手勢如破竹般的成長節(jié)奏。 In 2013 China won the community go all the world champion. Not only the Japanese in the nine segment China Cenozoic players before, have lost that competitiveness is the past, who took 1:00 coquettish nine

21、 segments, has been difficult to keep up with the China Cenozoic chess gestures such as broken bamboo like growth rhythm.,問題三：Problem three: 圍棋共有多少顆棋子？Go how many pieces? 361顆。棋子的數(shù)量以黑子181、白子180個為宜。 361. The number of pieces to sunspot 181, white 180 is appropriate.,二、棋具Chess,棋子：棋子分黑白兩色。多為扁圓形（也有雙面突起的

22、應 氏棋子）。棋子的數(shù)量以黑子181、白子180個為宜。 Chess: chess pieces divided into black and white. For oblate (also have double-sided protruding should the pawn). The number of pieces to sunspot 181, white 180 is appropriate. 棋盤：盤面有縱橫各十九條等距離、垂直交叉的平行線，共構(gòu)成1919=361個交叉點（以下簡稱為“點”）。盤面上標有九個小圓點，稱為星位，中央的星位又稱“天元”。 The board has

23、parallel lines: the aspect of all nineteen distance, the vertical cross, which consist of 19 * 19=361 cross points (hereinafter referred to as thepoint). The disk is marked with nine smalldot, called the star,the central star is also called Tianyuan,棋鐘：正式的比賽中可以使用計時器對選手的時間進行限制。非正式的對局中一般不使用計時器 Chess c

24、lock: the official game timer can be used to limit the time for the players. Generally do not use the timer informal games,三、規(guī)則Rule,基本下法 The basic method 1、對局雙方各執(zhí)一色棋子，黑先白后，交替下子，每次只能下一子。 1, each party holds one color on the pawn, black to white, alternating moment, each only a son. 2、棋子下在棋盤上的交叉點上。 2,

25、 a pawn on the chessboard of the intersection on. 3、棋子落子后，不得向其他位置移動。 3, the chessmen Lazi after not to move to other locations. 4、輪流下子是雙方的權(quán)利，但允許任何一方放棄下子權(quán)。 4, take turns suddenly are both right, but allow any party to give up at the right.,三、規(guī)則Rule,勝負判別The outcome of the discriminant 中國規(guī)則Chinese rule

26、s 1、貼3又3/4子的規(guī)則：第一步，把死子撿掉。第二步，只數(shù)一方圍得點數(shù)并記錄下來（一般圍得點以整十點為單位）。第三步，如果數(shù)的是黑棋，再減去3又3/4子，如果數(shù)的是白棋，再加上3又3/4子。第四步，結(jié)果和180又1/2（棋盤361個點的一半）比較，超過就算勝，否則判負。通俗來說為白棋177子為勝，黑棋185子為勝。 1, posted 3 3/4 sub rule: the first step, the son picked up. The second step, just count the party around points and recorded (generally ar

27、ound a point to the whole ten points as the unit). The third step, if the number is black, minus 3 3/4, if the number is white, together with the 3 3/4. The fourth step, the results and 180 1/2 (half board 361 points of comparison, more than wins), otherwise the negative. Popular for white son of 17

28、7 wins, 185 black son wins. 2、讓先與讓子：讓先不貼目，讓子要貼還讓子數(shù)的一半（就當被讓方是預先收了單官）。 2, let the first and let the son: let not the first stick head, let the child should stick also let half numbers (when let party is received in advance a single officer).,日韓規(guī)則South Korea rules 日本和韓國規(guī)則是一樣的，采用數(shù)目法，黑棋終局要貼6目半。先數(shù)一方的目數(shù)并記錄

29、下來，再數(shù)另一方的目數(shù)并記錄下來，然后黑棋減去6目半，最后和白棋比較，多者為勝。通俗來說為白棋178為勝黑棋185為勝。 Japan and South Korea, the rules are the same, the number method, black final should be affixed to 6 and a half. Count square mesh and recorded, then the other side of the mesh and recorded, and then the black minus 6 and a half, finally a

30、nd white comparison, more for victory. Popular for white 178 wins 185 black wins.,競賽規(guī)定Competition rules 1.先后手的確定successively hand determination 對局的先后手，由大會抽簽編排或?qū)智安孪葲Q定。 On the first hand, by the organizer or before the first guess decided on arrangement. 2.貼子post 為了抵消黑方先手的效率，現(xiàn)行全國性正式比賽在終局計算勝負時，黑方需貼出三又

31、四分之三子。 In order to offset the efficiency of black on the offensive, the current national official Games in the final calculation outcome, black to post three and 3/4 sub. 3.計時timing 計時是保證比賽順利進行的重要手段之一。一切有條件的比賽應采用計時制度。 Timing is one of the important means to guarantee the smooth progress of the game.

32、 All conditions of the game should use the timing system.,.終局規(guī)定Final provisions 無單官或其他官子時，為終局。 No single officer or other officer, as the final. 對局中，有一方中途認輸，為終局。另一方中盤勝。認輸就是將兩個自己的棋子放在右下角即可。 In the game, one side midway defeat, as final. The other party middle wins. Throw in the towel just two their p

33、ieces placed in the lower right corner to. 凡比賽一方棄權(quán)或因各種原因被裁判員判負、判和的對局，也作終局處理。 Every race waiver or for a variety of reasons were the referee awarded a negative, and sentenced game, also made the final processing. 雙方確認的終局，確認的次序應是，先由輪走方，后是對方以異色棋子一枚放于己方棋盤右下角的線外。 Both sides confirmed the final confirmati

34、on of the order, should be first round, if, after each other in Harmonia pieces is a put on their board the lower right corner of the line.,四、常用術(shù)語Commonly used terms,1、尖：在己方原有棋子的斜上或斜下一路處行棋稱為“尖”。 Tip: 1, in their original pieces oblique or skew the next road for chess called tip. 由于尖的步調(diào)較小，人們也習慣地稱它為“小

35、尖”。 Due to sharp pace is smaller, people are accustomed to call it the little tip. 2、長：“長”是指緊靠著自己在棋盤上已有棋子繼續(xù)向前延伸行棋。“長”一般用于與對方接觸交戰(zhàn)的時候，便于將己方的子連成一片，更好地攻擊對方。 2, long: long refers to the close to their existing in pieces on the board to extend forwards for chess. Long is generally used up contact with eac

36、h other, to facilitate the ones own son together into one, to attack each other better.,3、立：“立”與“長”有著微妙的差別，“立”主要指向緊靠著自己原有的棋盤上的棋子方向向下或向邊線方向的行棋。 Li: Li and long has a subtle difference, Li the main point close to the pawn on the chessboard of the direction of their original down or to the edge directi

37、on for chess 4、沖：“沖”是指緊靠著自己在棋盤上原有的棋子向?qū)Ψ降?Blunt: rushed refers to the close to their original pieces on the board to each other “關(guān)”形中間的空交叉點處行棋，這就叫“沖”。“沖”經(jīng)常是運用自己強的一面去阻擊對方，將對方的棋分成兩塊，以利于尋找機會消滅對方。 Empty intersection between the rows of Guan shaped chess, his is called chong. Red is often use their strong

38、 side to check each other, will the other side of the game is divided into two parts, in order to seek opportunities to annihilate each other.,五、級位段位 Five, level of Dan 級位段位編輯棋手圍棋水平的高低用段位和級位來區(qū)分，從低到高分別為：業(yè)余級位，業(yè)余段位，職業(yè)段位。 Level of Dan players go edit level with Dan and level to distinguish, as from low

39、to high: amateur level, amateur Dan Dan, occupation. 業(yè)余級位設(shè)置： The amateur level set: 2005年7月1日生效的中國圍棋業(yè)余段位級位制中第四條有：業(yè)余段位下設(shè)級位，級位可分為1級、2級至25級，1級最高。但級位證書只印制1級、2級、5級、10級、15級、20級、25級等共七個等級。 July 1, 2005 entry into force of the Chinese chess amateur Dan grade system in fourth: Amateur Dan under level, level

40、can be divided into 1 levels, level 2 to level 25, the highest level 1. But level certificate only printed 1 grade, 2 grade, 5 grade, 10 grade, 15 grade, 20 grade, 25 grade and a total of seven grades.,五、頭銜Title,頭銜，是某些比賽冠軍的特定稱呼。 Title, is the specific address certain winner. 中國的頭銜戰(zhàn)現(xiàn)有天元、名人和新人王。以前還舉辦過

41、棋王和棋圣。其他幾項比賽，冠軍沒有特殊的榮譽稱呼，也就是沒有頭銜。 China Title battle Tianyuan existing, celebrities and rookie. Previously also hosted the king and grandmaster. Several other games, the champions have no special honor, there is no title. 韓國的頭銜有：天元、新人王、王中王、名人等。 South Koreas Title: Tianyuan, new king, king of kings,

42、celebrities, etc. 日本有七大頭銜：棋圣、本因坊、名人、十段、小棋圣（碁圣）、王座、天元。 Japan has seven Titles: grandmaster, Honinbo, celebrities, ten section, small grandmaster (Qi Sheng), the throne, Tianyuan. 雙語對照翻譯不正確取消清空內(nèi)容,問題二：Problem two: 象棋和圍棋，哪一個更稱得上是我國的國棋？ Chess and go chess, which one is more regarded as our country chess?

43、 是圍棋。Go. 中國棋院院長、中國圍棋協(xié)會主席陳祖德作序的圍棋國棋，首次把圍棋定位為國棋，揭示了“國運興，棋運盛”的深刻哲理。 Chinese chess courtyard dean, the Chinese Chess Association President Chen Zude a go, Chinese chess, the first to go positioning for the country of chess, reveals the country Hing, profound philosophy chess Wan.,圍棋與象棋起源于中國，都有數(shù)千年的歷史，是中國

44、的傳統(tǒng)文化，中國的國粹圍棋是一個智力游戲，起源于中國，有超過三千年的歷史。圍棋蘊涵著古代哲學中一元生兩儀、兩儀生四象、四象生八卦、天圓地方、十九農(nóng)節(jié)氣、三百六十周天之數(shù)等等含義，其變化豐富，意韻深遠，魅力無窮。 Chess and chess originated in China, has a history of thousands of years, is Chinas traditional culture, go the quintessence of Chinese culture is a mental game, originated in China, has a histo

45、ry of over three thousand years. Go a element contains the ancient philosophy of Liang Yi, Liang Yi Sheng four images, four images and gossip, hemispherical dome, nineteen agricultural throttle, three hundred and sixty Sunday the number of meanings, changes in wealth, picturesque profound, infinite charm. .,象棋，亦作“象碁”，漢族棋類益智游戲，中國象棋在中國有著三千多年的歷史，屬于二人對抗性游戲的一種。由于用具簡單，趣味性強，成