1、最新 料推薦13 年 12 月四六級考綱關(guān)于翻譯題有兩點大綱變動,1、句子翻譯改為段落漢譯英翻譯2、考試范圍由“校園文化、民生發(fā)展、科技興國、生命科學(xué)、求職就業(yè)”改為 “校園文化、社會生活、餐飲娛樂、民生發(fā)展、科技興國、生命科學(xué)、求職就業(yè)、新興學(xué)科發(fā)展、中國傳統(tǒng)文化”，其中亮點就是新增了難度較大的文化領(lǐng)域。為此，針對傳統(tǒng)文化，需要掌握以下文化語句的通用表達(dá)，必背16 句 !一、對龍圖騰他的崇拜在中國大約已綿延了八千多年。中國龍是古人將魚、蛇、馬、牛等動物與云霧、雷電等自然天象集合而成的一種神物。 中國龍的形成與中華民族的多元融合過程同步。在中國人的心目中，龍具有振奮騰飛、開拓變化的寓意和團(tuán)結(jié)凝

2、聚的精神。chinese dragon dragon totem worship in china has been around for the last 8,000 years. the ancients in china considered the dragon (or loong) a fetish that combines animals including the fish, snake,horse and ox with cloud, thunder, lightning and other natural celestial phenomena. the chinese d

3、ragon was formed in accordance with the multicultural fusion process of the chinese nation. to thechinese, the dragon signifies innovation and cohesion.二、秧歌舞是中國漢族的一種民間傳統(tǒng)舞蹈，通常在北方省份表演。秧歌舞者通常穿上明亮多彩的表演服裝，他們的表演動作有力迅速。在農(nóng)歷春節(jié)、元宵節(jié)等節(jié)日期間，人們一旦聽到鑼鼓聲，不管外面天氣有多冷，他們都會蜂擁到街上看秧歌舞表演。近年來，中國東北某些城市的老年人自發(fā)組織了了秧歌隊，隊員常年通過跳秧歌舞來

4、保持健康，同事他們也樂在其中。yangko is one of tradition folk dance of han in china.it is usually performed in northern provinces. the dancers usually wear colorful and light costumes, and the performance is powerful and rapid. during some festivals such as spring festival, lantein festival, if people hear the sou

5、nd of drum and gong, no matter how cold the weather is , they will come to street and appreciate the yangko. recent years, the old people in city of east-northern of china organized the team of yangko by themselves, the teamers keep their health by dancing yangko the whole year.三、長城是人類創(chuàng)造的世界奇跡之一。如果你到

6、了中國卻沒去過長城，就想到了巴黎沒有去看看菲爾鐵塔，或者就像到了埃及沒有去看金字塔一樣。人們常說： “不到長城非好漢。 ”實際上，長城最初只是一些斷斷續(xù)續(xù)的城墻， 直到秦朝統(tǒng)一中國后才將其連城長城。 然而，今天我們看到的長城 東起山海關(guān)，西至嘉峪關(guān) 大部分都是在明代修建的。the great wall is one of the wonders of the world that created by human beings! if you come to china without climbing the great wall, its just like going paris wit

7、hout visiting the eiffel tower; or going to egypt without visiting the pyramids! men often say, he who doest not reach the great wall is not a true man.in fact, it began as independent walls for different states when it was first built, and did notbecome the great wall until the qin dynasty. however

8、, the wall we see today, starting from shanhaiguan pass in the east to jiayunguan pass in the west, was mostly built during the ming dynasty.四、 dumplings dumplings are one of the chinese peoples favorite traditional dishes. according to anancient chinese legend, dumplings were first made by the medi

9、cal saint-zhang zhongjing. there are1最新 料推薦three steps involved in making dumplings: 1) make dumpling wrappers out of dumpling flour; 2) prepare the dumpling stuffing; 3) make dumplings and boil them. with thin and elastic dough skin, fresh and tender stuffing, delicious taste, and unique shapes, du

10、mplings are worth eating hundreds oftimes. there s an old saying that claims,“ nothing could be more delicious than dumplingsspring festival and other holidays, or when treating relatives and friends, chinese people like to follow the auspicious custom of eating dumplings. to chinese people who show

11、 high reverence for familylove, having dumplings at the moment the old year is replaced bythe new is an essential part ofbidding farewell to the old and ushering in the new year.餃子是深受中國人民喜愛的傳統(tǒng)食品。相傳為古代醫(yī)圣張仲景發(fā)明。餃子的制作是包括：1 ） 搟皮、2） 備餡、 3） 包餡水煮三個步驟。其特點是皮薄餡嫩，味道鮮美，形狀獨(dú)特，百食不厭。民間有“好吃不過餃子 ”的俗語。中國人接親待客、逢年過節(jié)都有包餃子

12、吃的習(xí)俗，寓意吉利。對崇尚親情的中國人來說， “更歲交子 ”吃餃子，更是歡度除夕、辭舊迎新必不可少的內(nèi)容。五 、 acupuncture acupunctureis an importantpart of traditional chinese medicine (tcm).inaccordance with the“ main and collateral channels” theory in tcm, the purpose of acupuncturdredge the channel and regulate qi and blood, so as to keep the body

13、s yin and yangachieve reconciliationbetween the internal organs.it features in traditional chinese medicinethat“ internal diseases are to be treated with external therapy” . the main therapy of acupunusing needles to pierce certain acupoints of the patient s body, or adopting moxibustion tthe patien

14、t s acupoints so as to stimulate thechannels and relieve pain. with its unique advantages,acupuncture has been handed downgenerationafter generationand has now spread all over theworld. nowadays, acupuncture, along with chinese food, kung fu (otherwise known as chinese martialarts), a nd traditional

15、 chinese medicine, has been internationally hailed as one of thetreasures.”針灸是中醫(yī)學(xué)的重要組成部分。按照中醫(yī)的經(jīng)絡(luò)理論，針灸療法主要是通過疏通經(jīng)絡(luò)、調(diào)和氣血，來達(dá)到陰陽歸于平衡，使臟腑趨于調(diào)和之目的。其特點是“內(nèi)病外治 ”。主要療法是用針刺入病人身體的一定穴位，或用艾火的溫?zé)岽碳撇∪说难ㄎ唬赃_(dá)到刺激經(jīng)絡(luò)。 治療病痛的目的。 針灸以其獨(dú)特的優(yōu)勢，流傳至今并傳播到了世界，與中餐、功夫、中藥一起被海外譽(yù)為中國的“新四大國粹 ”。六、 chinese kung fu chinese kung fu, or chines

16、e martial arts, carries traditional chinese culture inabundance. it is a traditional chinese sport which applies the art of attack and defence in combat andthe motions engaged with a series of skill and tricks. the core idea of chinese king fu is derived fromtheconfuciantheoryof both“ themeanandharm

17、ony”and “ cultivating qi ”(otherwiseknownasnourishi ng one s spirit). meanwhile, it also includes thoughts of taoism and buddhism. chinese kung fuhas a long history, with multi-various sects and many different boxing styles, and emphasizes couplinghardnesswithsoftnessand internaland externaltraining

18、.itcontainsthe ancientgreatthinkerspondering of life and the universe. the skills in wielding the 18 kinds of weapons named by the later generations mainly involve the skills of bare-handed boxing, such as shadow boxing (taijiquan), form and will boxing (xingyiquan), eight trigram palm (baguazhang),

19、 and the skills of kung fu weaponry, such as the skill of using swords, spears, two-edged swords and halberds, axes, tomahawks, kooks, prongs and so on.2最新 料推薦中國功夫即中國武術(shù)，是將技擊寓于搏斗和套路運(yùn)動之中的中國傳統(tǒng)體育項目，承載著豐富的中國民族傳統(tǒng)文化。其核心思想是儒家的中和養(yǎng)氣之說，同時兼容了道家、釋家的思想。中國武術(shù)源遠(yuǎn)流長、流派林立、拳種繁多，講究剛?cè)岵?jì)、內(nèi)外兼修，蘊(yùn)含著先哲們對生命和宇宙的參悟。后世所稱十八般武藝，主要指：

20、徒手拳藝，如太極拳、形意拳、八卦掌等；器械功夫，如刀槍劍戟、斧鉞鉤叉等。七、chinese characters were initially meant to be simple pictures used to help people remember things.after a long period of development, it finally became a unique character system that embodies phonetic sound, image, idea, and rhyme at the same time. the writing s

21、ystem, which was extremelyadvanced in ancient times, began with inscriptions on bones and tortoise shells, and these are regarded as the original forms of chinese characters. afterwards, chinese characters went throughnumerous calligraphic styles: bronze inscriptions, official script, regular script

22、, cursive script, running script, etc. chinese characters are usually round outside and square inside, which is rooted in ancient chinese beliefs of an orbicular sky and a rectangular earth. the five basic strokes of chinese charactersare “- “ (the horizontal stroke) “ ”(the vertical stroke), “ ” (t

23、he left - falling stroke), “ ”(the right- falling stroke), and 乙 ” (the“turning stroke).漢字是從原始人用以記事的簡單圖畫，經(jīng)過不斷演變發(fā)展最終成為一種兼具音、形、意韻的獨(dú)特文字?，F(xiàn)存中國古代最早成熟的文字是甲骨文，被認(rèn)為是現(xiàn)代漢字的初形。此后，漢字又經(jīng)歷了金文、隸書、楷書、草書、行書等不同的階段。漢字結(jié)構(gòu) “外圓內(nèi)方 “， 源于古人 ”天圓地方 “的觀念。漢字有五種基本筆畫，即：橫、豎、撇、捺、折。八、 chinese chopsticks the chinese way of eating with ch

24、opsticks is unique in the world. the recordedhistory of chopsticks started more than three thousand years ago. chopsticks werenamed zhu inancient chinese. they look deceptively simple to use, but possess multi-various functions, such asclamping, turning over, lifting up, raking, stirring, scooping,

25、poking, tearing, and so on. chopstickswere taken as an auspicious mascot by ordinary people in ancient china. for example, the partial toneof chopsticks is often used by people as a metaphor at weddings to indicate a blessing or benedictionfor the couple to have a baby soon. unlike usinga knifeand f

26、ork or one owns hands, a pairofchopsticks also implies the meaning of“ harmony is what matters” . chopsticks are highwesterners as a hallmark of ancient oriental civilization.中國人使用筷子就餐的方式在世界上獨(dú)樹一幟。有史記載用筷的歷史已有三千多年?？曜庸艜r稱為箸，它看似簡單， 但卻同時具有夾、 撥、挑、扒、拌、撮、戳、撕等多種功能。 中國民間視筷子為吉祥之物，如婚俗中將筷子隱喻為快生貴子的祝福等。與使用刀叉以及手抓的方式

27、不同，成雙結(jié)對的筷子含有“和為貴 “的意蘊(yùn)。西方人贊譽(yù)筷子是古老的東方文明。九、 chinese seal a seal can also be defined as a stamp. both the chinese official and private seal ofvarious dynasties have different titles, such as stamp, zhu note, contract, fu, lease and others. theseals used by the emperors of ancient china werecalledxi, yin

28、, bao, etc. according to historicalrecords, seals were widely used during the warring states period (475bc-221bc). the making of aseal is to engrave fonts, such as seal characters and official script and so on; or images in the form ofintaglio and embossment into the seal, basically shaped as round

29、or square. covered with a vermilionoverlay, the chinese seal is not only used in daily life, but it is also used to represent signatures onpaintings and calligraphies. it is gradually becoming one of china s unique artworks.3最新 料推薦印章就是圖章。中國歷代官、私所用的印章有印信、朱記、合同、符、契等等不同的稱謂，而帝王所用的印章古時稱璽、印、寶、章等。據(jù)史料記載，印章在

30、戰(zhàn)國時代已普遍使用。印章的制作是將篆隸等字體、圖像用陰、陽的形式雕刻而成，形狀以圓、方為主。印章用朱色 鈐蓋，除日常應(yīng)用外，又多用于書畫題識，逐漸成為中國特有的藝術(shù)形式之一。十、chinese era the chinese era is the symbol that the chinese calendar uses for recording and namingyears. the ten heavenly stems are: jia, yi, bing, ding, wu, ji, geng, xin, ren, gui. the twelve earthlybranches ar

31、e: zi.chou, yin, mou, chen, si, wu, wei, shen, you, xu, hai. after observing the lunar month,the ancients found that the moon always wazes and wanes roughly 12 times a year, and two lunarmonths account for about 60 days, so the order of the ten heavenly stems and the order of the twelveearthly branc

32、hes are properly matched in turn. in terms of recording date, 60 years is considered to bea full time cycle. the chinese era chronology was first invented in ancient times and is still in use now.according to the chronology of the“ ten heavenly stems,” 2011 is the year of“heavenly stems” and“ the fi

33、fth of the twelve earthly branches”.天干地支是中國歷法中用以記錄和命名年歲的方法。十天干為： 甲、乙、丙、丁、戊、已、庚、辛、壬、癸；十二地支為：子、丑、寅、卯、辰、巳、午、未、申、酉、戊、亥。古人觀測朔望月，發(fā)現(xiàn)月亮圓缺 12 次大體上是一年的天數(shù)，而兩個朔望月約是60 天。古人以十天干與十二地支的順序依次相配，記錄不同年份， 60 年為一個輪回。干支紀(jì)年法從古沿用至今。按干支紀(jì)年法，2011年便是辛卯年。十 一、 hinesebeijingopera praised as“oriental opera”, beijing operaisa genuine

34、nationalquintessence of china.it originated frommany kinds of ancient localoperas,especiallyhuiban insouthern china. at the end of the 19th century, beijing opera evolved and took shape, becoming thegreatest kindof opera inchina. beijingopera isa blendof performingarts-song,speech,performance,acroba

35、tixfighting and dance.beijingoperaportraysandnarrates theplotandcharacters through stylizedacting. the maintypes ofroles in beijing operaare sheng(male),dan(young female), jing (painted face, male), and chou( clown, male or female).京劇被譽(yù)為 “東方歌劇 ”， 是地道的中國國粹。 它起源于中國多種古老的地方戲劇，特別是南方的 “徽班 ”。到了 19 世紀(jì)末， 京劇形

36、成并成為中國最大的戲曲劇種。京劇是綜合性表演藝術(shù)，集唱（歌唱） 、念（念白）、做（表演）、打（武）、舞（舞蹈）為一體，通過程式化的表演手段，敘述故事，刻畫人物。角色主要分生（男性）、旦（女性）、凈（男性）、丑（男性女性皆有）四大行當(dāng)。十二、 chinese taoism taoism first originated in china. the founder of taoism is laozi, a philosopherand thinker who livedin thelate spring andautumnperiod (770bc-476bc).tao te ching who

37、seauthorship has been attributed to laozi, is considered to be the main taoist classic. taoism advocatesthe value of a human being s life, recommends the discarding of all desires and worries from onemind, and encourages the cultivation of moral character and the nourishment of human nature. thefoll

38、owing is an example oflaozi s golden saying: the way that can be told of is not an unvarying way;the names that can be named are not unvarying names. it was from the nameless that heaven andearth sprang; the named is but the mother that rears the ten thousand creatures, each after its kind.truly, on

39、ly he that rids himself forever of desire can see the secret essences; he that has never rid himself of desire can see only the outcomes.4最新 料推薦道教是中國土生土長長的宗教。 創(chuàng)始人是春秋末期的哲學(xué)家、 思想家老子。 道教以老子所著的 道德經(jīng)為主要經(jīng)典。道教主張 “重人貴生 ”。崇尚清靜無為，修身養(yǎng)性。 “道可道，非常道。名可名，非常名。無名天地之始；有名萬物之母。故常無，欲以觀其妙；常有，欲以觀其徼”便是老子的至理名言。十三、 chinese idio

40、ms chinese idioms refer to comprehensive and integrated fixed phrases and expressions. idioms are established and accepted by constant usage and common practice. an idiom isa language unit that is larger than a word, but has the same grammatical function as a word. mostchinese idioms consist of four

41、 characters. for example, ziqiangbuxi ( make unremitting efforts to improve oneself), qingchuyulan(bluer than indigo), and houjibofa (success comes with time and effort).idioms are extrated from folk proverbs, ancient works of literature, poems, fables, allusions, and well-known sayings. idioms are

42、a part of the chinese language that are concise and have great vitality.中國成語是漢語中意義完整的表示一般概念的固定詞組或短語?！俺烧Z ”中的 “成 ”既是約定俗成。成語是比詞大而語法功能又相當(dāng)于詞的語言單位。絕大多數(shù)的中國成語由四個漢字組成，例如：自強(qiáng)不息、青出于藍(lán)、厚積薄發(fā)。成語主要從民間諺語、古代文學(xué)作品、詩歌、寓言、典故、名言警句等方面提煉而成，是漢語語言中精煉而又富有生命力的一部分。十四、 china is the home of silk. mulberry planting, sericulture, sil

43、k reeling and thickening are all great inventions of the ancient chinese. as early as the shang and zhou dynasties (1600bc-256bc), thechinese people -weavingssilk techniques had reached an extremely high level. during the western han dynasty (206bc-25ad), zhang qian, an outstanding diplomat, travell

44、ed around central asia and connected china with the persian gulf and the mediterranean, opening up a new era of sino-foreigntrade, exchange and communication. from then on, china silk became well known for its extraordinary quality, exquisite design and color, and abundant culture connotations. hith

45、erto, chinesesilk has been accepted as a symbol of chinese culture and the emissary of oriental civilization.中國是絲綢的故鄉(xiāng)。栽桑、養(yǎng)蠶、繅絲、織綢是中國古代人民的偉大發(fā)明。商周時期絲綢的生產(chǎn)技術(shù)就已發(fā)展到相當(dāng)高的水平。西漢時張騫通西域，把中原與波斯灣、地中海緊密聯(lián)系起來，開辟了中外交流貿(mào)易的新紀(jì)元。從此中國的絲綢以其卓越的品質(zhì)、精美的花色和豐富的文化內(nèi)涵聞名于世，成為中國文化的象征。東方文明的使者。十五、 the chinese classical garden is a preci

46、ous treasure of our ancient chinese architecture. it is akind of environmentart,whichsystematicallycombinesartificialmountains and rivers,plants andbuildingswiththenaturallandscape. the constructionstandardof achineseclassicalgarden is“ artificial as it is, the garden must look ingenious and natural

47、.” when you go sigclassical garden, you should be able to appreciate its artistic concept which“ makes use of the naturlandscapetocreatethe real funof mountainsand rivers for viewers.of” theworld threes majorgarden systems, the chinese classical garden is hailed as one of the origins of the world to

48、 its long history and abundant connotations.5最新 料推薦中國園林是把人造的山水、植物、建筑等與自然地貌有機(jī)結(jié)合的環(huán)境藝術(shù)，是我國古代建筑藝術(shù)的珍寶。其建造原則是“妙極自然，宛自天開”。游賞中國古典園林，能充分領(lǐng)略“假自然之景，創(chuàng)山水真趣”的園林意境。在世界三大園林體系中，中國園林歷史悠久、內(nèi)涵豐富，被譽(yù)為世界造園史上的淵源之一。十六、 the four treasures of the study the writing brush, ink stick, ink stone, and paper were requisitetreasures i

49、n the study of the scholars of ancient china, and they are often referred to as thetreasures of the study.” the writing brush and ink stick have been used by the chinese to write andpaint since 5,000 years ago. in the qin dynasty (221bc-206bc), people already used feathers ofdifferenthardnessand bam

50、bootrunksto make brushes. duringthe han dynasty(206bc-220ad),man-made ink was used instead of natural ink. after paper was invented by the chinese, bamboo slips,wooden tablets, brocade and silk, which originally functioned as writing surfaces, gradually faded out.the ink stone was first developed wi

51、th the use of writing brushes and ink. after the song dynasty(960ad- 1279ad), the“ four treasure of the study” particularly referred to hubi, the writing brushproduced in huzhou, zhejiang province; huimo, the ink stick produced in huizhou, anhui province; xuan paper, a kind of paper produced in xuan

52、zhou, anhui province; and duanyan, the ink stone madein zhaoqing, guangdong province (zhaoqing was earlier called duanzhou). indeed, the four treasuresof the study” have writtin the whole chinese civilization, as it is.筆墨紙硯是中國古代文人書房當(dāng)中必備的寶貝，被稱為“文房四寶 ”。用筆墨書寫繪畫在中國可追溯到五千年前。秦時已用不同硬度的毛和竹管制筆；漢代以人工制墨替代了天然墨；

53、有了紙張以后，簡牘錦帛逐失其用；硯臺則隨筆墨的使用而發(fā)展?！拔姆克膶?”到宋朝以后特指湖筆、徽墨、宣紙、端硯。可以說文房四寶書寫了整個中華文明。練習(xí)一 ：和平穩(wěn)定是發(fā)展的前提和基礎(chǔ)。上個世紀(jì)，人類經(jīng)歷了兩次世界大戰(zhàn)，生靈涂炭，經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展遭受嚴(yán)重挫折。第二次世界大戰(zhàn)結(jié)束以來，世界經(jīng)濟(jì)能夠快速增長，主要得益于相對和平穩(wěn)定的國際環(huán)境。我們應(yīng)該恪守聯(lián)合國憲章宗旨和原則，充分發(fā)揮聯(lián)合國及其安理會在維護(hù)和平、締造和平、建設(shè)和平方面的核心作用。堅持通過對話和協(xié)商，以和平方式解決國際爭端。我們應(yīng)該堅持國家不論大小、強(qiáng)弱、貧富都是國際社會平等一員，以民主、包容、合作、共贏的精神實現(xiàn)共同安全，做到一國內(nèi)部的事情

54、一國自主辦、大家共同的事情大家商量辦，堅定不移奉行多邊主義和國際合作，推進(jìn)國際關(guān)系民主化。練習(xí)二： 關(guān)于吃月餅這個傳統(tǒng)的來歷有兩個傳說。一個是唐朝的神話故事，說的是當(dāng)時地球被10 個太陽包圍著。有一天10 個太陽同時出現(xiàn)在天空中，巨大的熱量幾乎把地球烤焦了。多虧一位名叫后羿的神箭手射下了9 個太陽，地球才被保住。為了獎勵后羿，王母娘娘賜給后羿一種長生不老藥，但是王母警告他必須正當(dāng)使用。然而后羿沒有理會王母娘娘的警告，他被名利沖昏了頭腦，變成了一個暴君。后羿美麗的妻子嫦娥對他的暴行再也不能袖手旁觀，于是她偷走了后羿的長生不老藥，飛到月亮上逃避后羿的狂怒。從此就有了關(guān)于月宮仙子嫦娥，這個月亮上的美麗女人的傳說。6最新 料推薦翻譯解析及答案參考：練習(xí)一參考翻譯及詳解和平穩(wěn)定是發(fā)展的前提和基礎(chǔ)。上個世紀(jì)，人類經(jīng)歷了兩次世界大戰(zhàn)，生靈涂炭，經(jīng)濟(jì)