1、Slide 1,CONCRETE混凝土施工,Slide 2,Concrete Requires Good Planning!混凝土施工需要很好的計劃！,Slide 3,Concrete Must Have Requisite Strength混凝土必須有必備的強度,Employer must Obtain/provide written certification of concrete before use or further construction is allowed! 在使用或進行下一步的施工之前，雇主必須得到/提供書面的混凝土強度的證明。,Slide 4,Concrete-An

2、Overview混凝土施工-全景,Todays concrete construction by its very nature is a dangerous and highly complex industry.當(dāng)今的混凝土施工作業(yè)就其本質(zhì)來說是一項危險的、復(fù)雜程度很高的行業(yè)。 Individuals need to be trained to the highest standards for employee safety.為了保證人員安全，所有參與作業(yè)的人員必須按照最高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進行培訓(xùn)。,Slide 5,Safety Requirements 安全要求,Construction Load

3、s施工材料的堆放 No load shall be placed on concrete structures unless the employer determines the structure is sound.在雇主確認(rèn)混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)足夠結(jié)實前不能在其上面堆放任何重物,Slide 6,Safety Requirements安全要求,Reinforcing Rod Protection鋼筋頭的保護,Slide 7,Employee Protection員工的保護,Slide 8,Post-Tensioning Beams后加拉力梁,No employees behind post-tens

4、ioning operations (Warning signs are to be posted),Slide 9,Concrete Buckets混凝土澆鑄斗,No riding of concrete buckets 對混凝土澆鑄斗沒有控制,Slide 10,Concrete Bucket混凝土澆鑄斗,Slide 11,Trackhoe Swinging in a Load注意澆鑄斗的擺動,No employees under loads (Or limit the number of exposed employees to the fewest possible number)在澆鑄

5、斗下方不能有人（或暴露在周圍的人員越少越好）,Slide 12,Overhead Loads從上向下放料,Slide 13,Concrete Pumping用泵抽混凝土,Employees applying concrete through pneumatic hoses shall wear head & face protection 用氣動軟管抽取混凝土進行澆鑄的作業(yè)人員必須使用頭部和面部防護用品,Slide 14,Personal Protective Equipment個人防護用品,Concrete is Caustic Use appropriate gloves and boot

6、s and other PPE to avoid skin contact.混凝土是堿性的-為避免皮膚的接觸，必須使用適當(dāng)?shù)氖痔缀脱プ蛹捌渌麄€人防護用品 If pneumatic hose is used to pump cement sand and water mixture, workers must wear protective head and face equipment如果用泵抽取混凝土砂漿料，工人必須使用頭部和面部防護用品,Slide 15,Equipment & Tools設(shè)備和工具,Storage containers shall be equipped as follo

7、ws:儲料斗必須符合以下要求 Conical or tapered bottoms底部應(yīng)是錐形的 Mechanical or pneumatic starting capabilities啟動裝置必須是機械或氣動的 No employee shall enter without LOTO如果沒有掛牌上鎖，任何人不得進入 Concrete mixers 1 cu. Yd or larger shall:對于大于1立方的混凝土攪拌器，應(yīng) Shall have a mechanical device to clear skip安裝一套機械裝置清理料斗 Have guardrails on each

8、side of the skip在料斗四周應(yīng)安置護欄,Slide 16,Concrete Equipment (cont.)混凝土設(shè)備（續(xù)）,Concrete Buggies:混凝土推車 Handles shall not extend out beyond wheels扶手不能超出車輪的位置 Concrete Pumping Systems:混凝土泵料系統(tǒng) Piping shall have supports for 100% overload對管線應(yīng)確保100%超載支撐 Shall have “fail-safe” connections應(yīng)安裝“失效-安全”連接 Concrete Buck

9、ets:混凝土澆鑄斗 Shall have gates with positive locks應(yīng)安裝正向鎖定的門 Bull Floats:刮板 Shall have insulation or be non-conducting應(yīng)有絕緣，或為非導(dǎo)體 Masonry Saws:石材鋸 Shall have guards and shall retain blade fragments應(yīng)有防護并把所有的鋸片碎片保存好 LOTO:掛牌上鎖,Slide 17,Concrete Pumping用泵抽混凝土,Slide 18,Concrete Buggy混凝土推車,Slide 19,Equipment &

10、 Tools設(shè)備和工具,Power Trowels shall have “dead-man-switches” for shut-off capability電動地面打磨機必須安裝自動停車開關(guān),Slide 20,Bull Float刮板,Conductive handles are dangerous:導(dǎo)電的桿是危險的。 Electrical hazards電的危害,Slide 21,Concrete Pour混凝土澆鑄,Note the adjustable heads注意看這個可調(diào)節(jié)的頭,Slide 22,Masonry Saws石材鋸,Saws shall have guards ar

11、ound the blade periphery鋸片的四周必須有防護,Slide 23,Hazardous Materials危險材料,Slide 24,Cast-In-Place Concrete預(yù)制混凝土件,Shall be designed, fabricated, erected, braced to insure that it will support all loads.應(yīng)根據(jù)實際的負(fù)荷支撐的需要進行設(shè)計、制作、直立和固定。 Plans must be at site必須根據(jù)現(xiàn)場的實際情況制定計劃,Slide 25,Shoring & Reshoring支撐和再支撐,Inspec

12、tions are required throughout pour在整個澆鑄過程中應(yīng)進行檢查,Slide 26,Single Post Shores單向柱支撐,When pours incorporate single post shores on top of each other the following applies:當(dāng)進行單向柱支撐澆鑄時，應(yīng)注意： Shall be prepared by qualified eng & inspected by a design engineer 應(yīng)該由專業(yè)的工程師進行準(zhǔn)備，并由設(shè)計工程師進行檢查 Shall be vertically ali

13、gned應(yīng)該縱向排列 Shall be spliced to prevent misalignment應(yīng)該進行拼接，避免排列不齊 Shall be adequately braced in two directions & diagonally braced on each tier in two directions 應(yīng)該從兩個方向及每一層的對角方向進行固定 No adjustments after the concrete has been placed 在混凝土澆鑄到位后不要再進行調(diào)整 Reshoring shall be installed as original forms are

14、removed to give support to concrete which is not capable of supporting loads 如果原來的模子已經(jīng)移動，不能支持所有的混凝土，就必須再加支撐,Slide 27,Post Shores 柱支撐,Slide 28,Post Shores柱支撐,Slide 29,Post Shore-Alignment柱支撐-成行,Slide 30,Erecting Shoring For Roof Deck從屋頂開始搭設(shè)支撐,Slide 31,Supported Scaffolding支撐腳手架,Slide 32,Proper Loadin

15、g of Scaffolds?腳手架上放物料合適嗎？,Slide 33,“Limited-Access-Zone”限制進出的區(qū)域,Established on the “offside” (side opposite of scaffolds)在腳手架對面設(shè)置 Height of wall plus 4 (1.2 m)比墻要高1.2米 Runs the entire length of the unsupported wall沿著整個沒有保護的墻 Bracing or adequate support 8 (2.4 m)對于高于2.4的墻，應(yīng)進行固定或提供足夠的支撐 Should be mar

16、ked, signed or monitored應(yīng)該做標(biāo)識、掛牌或安排人進行監(jiān)控,Slide 34,Masonry Construction石材結(jié)構(gòu),Slide 35,Masonry Scaffolds石材用的腳手架,Slide 36,Vertical Slip Forms垂直的滑模,The rods or pipes upon which the forms will be lifted shall be: 所有用于支撐滑模的桿和管道必須滿足： designed for that purpose & braced if not encased專門設(shè)計，并且如果沒有外層保護，應(yīng)加以固定 For

17、m design shall prevent distortion during jacking滑模的設(shè)計應(yīng)能防止提升過程的變形 Scaffolds shall be provided for workers為工人提供腳手架 Max capacity of forms shall not be exceeded 不能超過滑模最大設(shè)計能力 Jacks shall be equipped with safety stops提升機必須安裝安全停車裝置 Jacks shall be used in a “plumb” condition only提升機只能用于垂直的條件下 Safe lifting s

18、peeds shall not be exceeded不能超過安全提升速度要求 Reinforcing steel shall be braced to prevent collapse鋼筋要進行捆扎，避免掉下 Measures shall be taken to prevent wire mesh from unrolling & harming employees采取措施避免鋼絲網(wǎng)松開，傷及人員,Slide 37,Concrete Formwork混凝土支模作業(yè),Forms must be adequately designed by qualified individual to saf

19、ely retain designated concrete load.模板必須由專業(yè)人員進行設(shè)計，保證能夠承受所要澆鑄的混凝土負(fù)荷 Only appropriately trained individuals may be involved in form erection and dismantling.只有經(jīng)過適當(dāng)培訓(xùn)的人員才能進行支模和拆模作業(yè),Slide 38,Removal of Formwork模板的拆除,The employer must determine that the concrete has the requisite strength before the form

20、s are released雇主必須確認(rèn)混凝土的強度已經(jīng)達到要求，才能進行拆模作業(yè) Testing must be in accordance with an appropriate ASTM standard test method檢測方法必須與相關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的方法一致 The strength requirements must include not only the load of the concrete but also any loads which might be subsequently placed upon it such as forces from concrete vi

21、brators強度的要求必須不僅包括混凝土本身的重量，還應(yīng)該包括放在其上面的其他負(fù)荷的重量,Slide 39,Deadly Concrete Collapses可怕的混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)坍塌事故,La Ambiance Collapse: Lift Slab Operation 坍塌現(xiàn)場,Fairfield Collapse: Lift Slab Operation,Slide 40,Improper Bracing不恰當(dāng)?shù)墓潭?Slide 41,Cargill Concrete Pour嘉吉的混凝土澆鑄現(xiàn)場,Bracing?, Sloped Wall Protection? Guardrails? A

22、ccess? 固定？斜坡墻的保護？護欄？通道？,Slide 42,Unsupported Steel Is Dangerous沒有支撐的鋼筋結(jié)構(gòu)是很危險的,Slide 43,Concrete Testing During Pour 在澆鑄過程中的混凝土檢查,Concrete which must withstand structural loads must be tested using Appropriate ASTM Standard testing methods! 必須按照相關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的檢測方法對混凝土進行檢測,Slide 44,Formwork Removal拆模,Slide 45,Precast Concrete預(yù)制混凝土,Lifting inserts-rated 2 times required strength插入式的吊裝點-2倍的額定強度 Lifting lugs not attached-rated 4 times required strength非附屬的吊裝點-4倍的額定強度 All attac