1、Fuel Chemistry,Coal science (40 hours of Course) Petroleum (4 hours of Course) Natural gas (4 hours of Course),Introduction,Energy is the important material base and production factors for supporting social development & economical growth .At the same time , energy not only provides the guarantee fo

2、r agriculture , offers the motive forces for industry , but also propels technical progress and the society forward . According to the ways of exploitation and utilization ,energy is classified into two kinds ,namely , primary energy & secondary energy . Primary energy means those which exists in th

3、e natural world in extant form ,including fossil energy(coal, petroleum, natural gas ) , nuclear fuel , renewable energy(solar energy , wind energy, geothermal energy, tidal energy) . Secondary energy means those which are processed and transformed from primary energy for the sake of improving the e

4、nergy utilization efficiency or protecting the environment ,such as electric power ,town gas ,coke ,diesel oil ,gasoline ,kerosene .,Contents,Section 1 Actuality of world energy Section 2 Developing actuality of Chinese energy Section 3 Problems in the production & consumption of Chinese energy Sect

5、ion 4 Coal Processing technology & clean coal technology Section 5 Developing of coal science and its research contents,Section 1 Actuality of world energy,1.Rich fossil energy resource in the world,Table-1 Top 10 countries of primary energy recoverable reserves in the world,In accordance with the p

6、resent energy reserves proved and the rate of energy exploitation ,in the limits of the world , petroleum can be exploited for 40 years, natural gas can be exploited for 60 years ,coal can be exploited for over 200 years. In the world , fossil energy is rich ,but to every country , the regional dist

7、ribution of primary energy is extremely uneven . Top 10 countries reserves centralize about 90.8% coal ,84% petroleum & 76% natural gas in the world total .,1) Coal mainly distributed over the Northern Hemisphere , 30 70North latitude is an important coal zone on the earth . And the big coalfield wi

8、th over 5000*108 ton reserves proved are mostly located in the zone .Top 10 countries centralize about 90.8% coal recoverable reserves in the world .In it , the recoverable reserves of USA is about 25.4% of the world total , and that of China is about 11.6% of the world total . 2) Petroleum Seen fro

9、m the present energy reserves proved in the world , the reserves of the land is three times of the bottom sea .And Seen from the region , the Middle East and Mexicothe Caribbean Sea are two prominent oil areas , two thirds of oil reserves proved in the world at present is centralized in the two dist

10、ricts . Top 10 countries centralize 84% oil recoverable reserves of the world total . And the oil reserves of China is No. 11 ,1.8% of the world total . 3) Natural gas The reserves of NG covers a wide range of the world ,but it is mainly distributed over the former Soviet Union & the Middle East , w

11、hose reserves is about 70% of the world total .Top 10 countries centralize about 75.7% NG recoverable reserves of the world total . And the NG reserves of China is No. 21 , 1.3% of the world total .,2.Three changes of exploitation & utilization of the world energy,Making a general survey of the deve

12、lopment of human society , the needs of world economy to primary energy have undergone three changes , namely from firewood to coal- from coal to petroleum - from petroleum to the substitute for it . Meanwhile ,it implies the unceasing changes of the needs to energy - from energy total needs to vari

13、ety and structure needs , then to energy quality needs . The invention and using of steam engine in latter half of the 18th century ,caused coal to be an important production power . On the other hand , the development of industrialization had raised the coal demand . During the period , coal ,repla

14、cing firewood , was main energy resource , which had promoted the first great change of the exploitation and utilization of the world energy and promoted the appearance of the Industrial Revolution . Consquently the world entered the coal age .,After 20th century ,with the invention and wide applica

15、tion of internalcombustion engine & diesel engine , the petrochemical industry developed rapidly . By the 1960s , the petroleum proportion in the world consumption structure of primary energy exceeded that of coal for the first time , ranked 1 in the world . So the world came into the petroleum age

16、, which had promoted the second great change of the exploitation & utilization of the world energy . Because of several petroleum crisises in the 1970s , people began to worry about the exhaustion of oil .So it made the world energy structure with the main body of petroleum change . In addtion , the

17、 large and unrestricted consumption of coal & petroleum for developing respective economy in the world , caused serious negative effects ,such as environment pollution ,acid rain , ecological environment destroy , global diseases and greenhouse effects .,We can adopt some effective measures , for ex

18、ample , positive propelling energysaving , improving energy efficiency , actively seeking the substitute energy , rapidly developing the gas energy and all kinds of renewable energy with great potentialities . It means the beginning of the third great change of the exploitation & utilization of the

19、world energy .,3.Actuality of primary energy consumption in the world,4. Environment protecting is the motive power of propelling clean energy and technology,5. Energy economy & energy security is an important factor for every countrys adjusting energy structure,Section 2 Developing actuality of Chi

20、nese energy,Table-2 Primary energy consumption structure in the late years in China From the above table , with the adjusting of energy structure , the proportion of coal descend step by step , and that of oil & natural gas increase rapidly .,Section 3 Problems in the production & consumption of Chi

21、nese energy,6 Problems in the production & consumption of Chinese energy 1)Limited energy resources and its disequilibrium in regional distribution 2)The gap in the oil production and demand increases unceasingly , the situation of national oil supply is very severe. 3) The energy supply is inadequate , especially the electric power is very tight. 4) The coal production in the energy consumption structure is too high. 5) energy efficiency is low . 6) Problems in energy environmental protection.,Which belong to the primary energy ? Kerosene Wind e