1、Section_Learning_about_Language_&_Using_Language原文呈現(xiàn)讀文清障HIV/AIDS: ARE YOU AT RISK？HIV is a virus. A virus is a very small living thing that causes disease. There are many different viruses, for example, the flu virus or the SARS virus. HIV weakens a persons immune system; that is, the part of the bo

2、dy that fights disease. You can have HIV in your blood for a long time, but eventually HIV will damage your immune system so much that your body can no longer fight disease. This stage of the illness is called AIDS. If you develop AIDS, your chances of survival are very small.HIV is spread through b

3、lood or the fluid that the body makes during sex. For a person to become infected， blood or sexual fluid that carries the virus, has to get inside the body through broken skin or by injection. One day scientists will find a cure for HIV/AIDS. Until that happens, you need to protect yourself. Here ar

4、e some things you can do to make sure you stay safe. at risk 處境危險；遭受危險HIV(Human Immunodeficiency Virus)人體免疫缺損病毒(艾滋病病毒)SARS(Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome)非典型性肺炎(嚴重急性呼吸道綜合征)immune/Imjun/adj.有免疫力的AIDS/eIdz/(Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome)艾滋病(后天免疫缺損綜合征)chances此處指“某事發(fā)生的可能性”。survival/svaIvl/n.幸存f

5、luid/fluId/n.流體；液體sex/seks/n.性；性別infected adj.受感染的a cure for . 治療的方法you can do是省略引導詞that的定語從句，修飾some things; you stay safe是make sure的賓語從句。HIV病毒/艾滋?。耗闶欠衩媾R危險？HIV是一種病毒(人體免疫缺損病毒)。病毒是引發(fā)疾病的微生物。它有許多不同的種類，如流感病毒或SARS病毒。HIV病毒會削弱人體的免疫系統(tǒng)，即身體里與疾病抗衡的那個部分。在你的血液中，HIV病毒可以長期存在，但是它最終會使你的免疫系統(tǒng)嚴重受損，以致你的身體不能再抵抗疾病。這種疾病到了這個

6、階段就叫艾滋病。如果你得了艾滋病，幸存的可能性很小。HIV是通過血液或性交時產(chǎn)生的液體傳播的。攜帶病毒的血液或性交時的液體必須通過皮膚上的創(chuàng)口或通過注射才能進入人體，使人受感染。將來總有一天，科學家會找到醫(yī)治HIV病毒或艾滋病的方法的。在找到之前，你必須保護你自己。你可以按照這里列舉的一些注意事項去做，以確保自己的安全：If you inject drugs：do not share your needle with anyone else. Blood from another person can stay on or in the needle. If a person has HIV

7、and you use the same needle, you could inject the virus into your own blood.do not share anything else that a person has used while injecting drugs. Blood could have spilt on it.If you have sex with a male or a female.use a condom. This will prevent sexual fluid passing from one person to another.in

8、ject/Indekt/vt.注射injection/Indekn/n.注射；注射劑needle/nidl/n.針；(注射器的)針頭could/can have done 可能會；可能已經(jīng)spill/spIl/(spilt, spilt)vi.溢出；灑落vt.使溢出；使灑落male/meIl/n.男人；雄性動(植)物adj.男性的；雄性的female/fimeIl/n.雌性的動(植)物；女人adj.女性的condom/kndm/n.避孕套prevent . from doing sth. 制止/防止做某事假如你要注射藥物：不要同別人共用注射針。別人的血液可能會留在針頭內(nèi)外。如果某人有HIV病毒

9、，而你又用了同一個注射針，你就有可能把病毒注入你自己的血液中。在注射藥物時，不要使用別人用過的其他任何東西。血液可能會濺到這些物品上來。假如你同一個男人或女人性交：要使用避孕套。它可以防止性交時產(chǎn)生的液體的傳入。The following statements are NOT true.A person cannot get HIV the first time they have sex. WRONG. If one sexual partner has HIV, the other partner could become infected.You can tell by looking

10、at someone whether or not they have HIV. WRONG. Many people carrying HIV look perfectly healthy. It is only when the disease has progressed to AIDS that a person begins to look sick.Only homosexuals get AIDS. WRONG. Anyone who has sex with a person infected with HIV/AIDS risks getting the virus. Wom

11、en are slightly more likely to become infected than men.the first time意為“第一次的時候”，引導時間狀語從句。tell此處表示“判斷；辨別”。whether or not .是賓語從句?，F(xiàn)在分詞短語作定語，修飾many people。此為強調(diào)句型，被強調(diào)部分為時間狀語從句only when .。homosexual/hmsekl/n.同性戀 adj.同性戀的who引導定語從句修飾anyone，從句中過去分詞短語infected with .作a person的后置定語。其中anyone who .whoever .。be l

12、ikely to do 可能做下列這些說法都是錯誤的。初次性交的人不可能染上HIV病毒。錯了。如果性交的一方有HIV病毒，另一方就有可能被傳染上。通過觀察你可以看出某人是否帶有HIV病毒。錯了。許多HIV病毒攜帶者看上去十分健康。只有當這種病毒發(fā)展成艾滋病時，人才會顯出病態(tài)。只有同性戀才得艾滋病。錯了。任何人如果同感染了HIV病毒/艾滋病的人性交都有染上這種病毒的危險。女性感染病毒的可能性比男性稍微大一些。If you hug, touch or kiss someone with AIDS or visit them in their home, you will get HIV/AIDS.

13、 WRONG. You can only get the disease from blood or sexual fluid. Unfortunately, people with HIV sometimes lose their friends because of prejudice. Many people are afraid that they will get HIV/AIDS from those infected with HIV/AIDS. For the same reason, some AIDS patients cannot find anyone to look

14、after them when they are sick. You can get HIV/AIDS from mosquitoes. WRONG. There is no evidence of this.If you hug ., you will get ., if引導條件狀語從句，在含有條件狀語從句的主從復合句中，若主句為一般將來時，從句常用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來。prejudice/preddIs/n.偏見；成見不定式短語to look after them作目的狀語；when引導時間狀語從句。 evidence n證據(jù)evident adj.明顯的如果你同艾滋病患者擁抱、接觸或親吻，

15、或者去他們家做客，你就會(從他們那里)感染上HIV病毒或得艾滋病。錯了。你只可能通過血液或性交時的液體傳染上這種病。不幸的是，由于偏見，HIV病毒攜帶者有時會失去他們的朋友。許多人擔心他們會從HIV病毒攜帶者或艾滋病患者那兒染上HIV病毒或感染上艾滋病。由于相同的理由，有些艾滋病患者在生病時找不到任何人來照顧他們。蚊子可以傳染HIV病毒和艾滋病。錯了。(目前)還沒有證據(jù)說明這一點。Step 1Read the text and answer the following questions.1Scan the text and choose the main idea for each part

16、.Part 1AWays to protect yourself.Part 2 BSome wrong statements about AIDS.Part 3 CBackground information about HIV/AIDS.答案：Part 1C, Part 2A, Part 3B2The passage tells us about _.Asome common understanding of HIV/AIDSBscientists have found a cure for HIV/AIDSCways to protect ourselvesDthe definition

17、of HIV/AIDS and the warning to us答案：DStep 2Choose the best answers according to the text.1You can get HIV through _.Ahaving meals with the patients with AIDSBkissing someone with AIDSCinjecting drugs using the same needleDtouching someone infected with HIV2We can infer from the passage that _.AHIV i

18、s the same as AIDSBHIV is different from AIDSCHIV weakens a persons immune systemDyou can have HIV in your blood for quite a long time3In order to stay safe, you _.Ashould not use the needle someone else has usedBhave to avoid using anything else that the person has used while injecting drugsCshould

19、 use a condom if you have sex with another personDall of the above4The passage is a(n) _.AadvertisementBstoryCposter Dnews report答案：14CBDC一、這樣記單詞記得準寫得對記得快記得多.基礎詞匯1.appendix n 附錄；附件2.pill n. 藥丸；藥片3.needle n. 針；(注射器的)針頭4.prejudice n. 偏見；成見5.cigar n. 雪茄煙6.awkward adj. 局促不安的；笨拙的.拓展詞匯1.illegal adj.不合法的；違

20、法的legal(反義) adj.合法的2.survival n幸存survive vi.幸存；活下來survivor n幸存者；生還者3.male adj.男性的；雄性的 n男人；雄性動(植)物female(反義) adj.女性的；雌性的 n女人；雌性的動(植)物4.judgement n看法；判決；判斷judge v判決5.embarrassed adj.尷尬的；陷入困境的embarrass vt.使局促不安embarrassing adj.令人尷尬的1.needle n(注射器的)針頭；針詞塊a needle and thread針線sit on pins and needles如坐針氈2

21、.prejudice n偏見；歧視詞塊Pride and Prejudice 傲慢與偏見3.cigar n雪茄煙聯(lián)想cigarette n香煙tobacco n煙草；煙絲詞塊smoke a cigarette 吸煙4.awkward adj.笨拙的；令人不舒服的聯(lián)想clumsy adj.笨拙的；不得體的5.后綴al名詞薈萃survivesurvival 幸存removeremoval 移動；去除refuserefusal 拒絕denydenial 否認arrivearrival 到達approveapproval 贊成二、這樣記短語記牢固定短語多積常用詞塊1.in_spite_of不顧；不管；

22、盡管2take_risks/a_risk 冒險3get_into 陷入；染上(壞習慣)4at_risk 處境危險；遭受危險5out_of_breath 上氣不接下氣6make_up_ones_mind 下定決心1.cause disease引發(fā)疾病2the flu virus 流感病毒3immune system 免疫系統(tǒng)4fight disease 抵抗疾病5chances of survival 生存幾率6become infected 受感染三、這樣記句式先背熟再悟通后仿用1. . but eventually HIV will damage your immune system so

23、much that your body can no longer fight disease. 但是它最終會使你的免疫系統(tǒng)嚴重受損，以致你的身體不能再抵抗疾病。so .that .意為“如此以至于”；that引導結(jié)果狀語從句。The dough figurine he made was_so_beautiful_that we couldnt wait to have a try ourselves.(2015北京高考滿分作文) 他做的面人是如此漂亮，以至于我們迫不及待地想親自試一試。2.Do not share anything else that a person has used wh

24、ile injecting drugs. 在注射藥物時，不要使用別人用過的其他任何東西。while后接分詞短語構(gòu)成省略句，省略了主語和be動詞。People can enjoy the moon while_eating_moon_cakes,_which are the special food for this festival. 人們可以一邊吃月餅一邊賞月，月餅是這個節(jié)日的特殊食品。3.Women are slightly more likely to become infected than men. 女性感染病毒的可能性比男性稍微大一些。be likely to do sth.意為“

25、有可能做某事”。Once people have seen that something actually works, they are_much_more_likely_to_accept change. 一旦人們看到有些東西確實奏效，那他們可能會更容易接受變化。1(教材P20)In spite of all his efforts he failed. He was so upset about himself that he felt like crying.盡管他很努力還是失敗了，他傷心地想哭。in spite of不顧；不管；盡管；雖然In spite of his age, he

26、 still leads an active life.盡管年事已高，他依舊過著一種忙碌的生活。We went out in spite of the heavy rain.We went out in_spite_of_the_fact_that it rained heavily.Although/Though it was raining heavily, we went out.盡管下著大雨，我們還是出去了。2(教材P20)He felt he had to make up his mind on every step instead of taking risks.他覺得每一步都得作

27、出決定而不是冒險。take risks/a risk冒險(1)take/run the risk of doing sth. 冒險做某事at risk 有風險at the risk of . 冒著風險(2)risk doing sth. 冒險做某事Men who had been stressed tended to take more risks while women responded in the opposite way.男性在壓力下更容易冒險，然而女性卻完全相反。It is not worthwhile to take the risk of offending your boss

28、 just to get such a small sum of money.僅是為拿到那一點錢就去冒險觸怒老板，不值得。Your health might be at_risk due to much smoking.由于吸煙太多，你的健康可能受到威脅。 He got wellprepared for the job interview, for he couldnt risk losing (lose) the good opportunity.他對面試作了充分的準備，因為他不想冒失去這一次好機會的危險。 3(教材P20)Of course the best way to deal wit

29、h these drugs is not to get into the habit in the first place!當然，對付毒品的最好的方法是首先就別養(yǎng)成(吸毒的)習慣。get into陷入；染上(壞習慣)get into/form the habit of養(yǎng)成的習慣get into trouble/debt 陷入麻煩/債務Ive got into the habit of calling in on my grandparents on my way home from school.我已養(yǎng)成了在放學回家的路上看望祖父母的習慣。If you continue spending mo

30、ney like this, youll get_into_debt.如果你繼續(xù)這樣花錢，(總有一天)你會負債的。get across(使)通過；(使)被理解； (把)講清楚get along/on 進展；相處get away 逃脫；離開get down to 開始認真工作He gets across well, doesnt he?他說話很透徹，是不是？The business is getting along/on very well.生意進行得很不錯。4(教材P23)Before you read this text, what judgements did you make about

31、 people with HIV/AIDS?在閱讀這篇課文之前，你對感染艾滋病病毒的人有什么看法？judgement n看法；判斷；判決(1)in ones judgement在某人看來pass judgement on 對作出裁決(2)judge n. 法官；裁判員 vt.&vi. 判決；判斷；斷定judging by/from . 根據(jù)來判斷In my judgement, we should accept their apology. 依我看，我們應該接受他們的道歉。He passed judgement on the guilty man. 他對那個罪犯做出了裁決。You cant j

32、udge a book by its cover. 不能根據(jù)封面判斷一本書(不可以貌取人)。Judging_from/by his accent, he is from Canada.從他的口音上判斷，他是加拿大人。5(教材P24)Then she offered me a cigarette and I felt so embarrassed and awkward.然后她遞給我一支煙，我感到非常尷尬與不安。embarrassed adj.尷尬的；陷入困境的(1)be/feel embarrassed about/at . 對感到難為情/不知所措be/feel embarrassed to

33、do sth. 對做某事感到尷尬(2)embarrassing adj. 令人尷尬的；使人難堪的embarrass vt. 使尷尬embarrassment n. 窘迫；尷尬I was embarrassed at his unexpected question. 他突然的發(fā)問使我不知所措。 He was very embarrassed to_hear (hear) people speak so highly of him.他聽見別人這樣夸他，感到很難為情。Now he is in an embarrassing (embarrass) situation. 現(xiàn)在他處境尷尬。My face

34、 turned red with embarrassment (embarrass)我窘得臉都紅了。Do not share anything else that a person has used while injecting drugs.在注射藥物時，不要使用別人用過的其他任何東西。while injecting drugs相當于while you are injecting drugs，為狀語從句的省略。省略狀語從句的條件when, while, before, after, unless, as if等狀語從句中的主語與主句主語一致或狀語從句中的主語為it狀語從句謂語中含有be動詞狀

35、語從句的省略成分省略從句中的主語和be動詞In class, wed better try hard to follow our teacher as much as possible while (we are) taking notes.上課記筆記時，我們最好緊跟著老師(講課)的步驟。Whenever (it is) possible, they would stop him and ask him the three questions.任何時候可能的話，他們就讓他停下問他這三個問題。名師點津省略句中的謂語動詞和主語構(gòu)成主動關(guān)系，則使用現(xiàn)在分詞；若構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，則使用過去分詞；若謂語動詞

36、表示尚未發(fā)生，則使用不定式。When surfing (surf) on the Internet, I found the news.當上網(wǎng)時，我發(fā)現(xiàn)了這條消息。When asked (ask) about the secret of his success, he said that he owed much of his success and happiness to his wife and children.當被問及他成功的秘訣時，他說他所取得的成功和幸福主要歸功于他的妻子和孩子。He opened his mouth as if to_say (say) something.他張

37、開嘴好像要說什么。.單句語法填空1In spite of the fact that we are different in colors, languages and races, we share the charm and joy of the Olympic Games.2Ive got into/formed the habit of reading English aloud in the morning.3Operate the electrical appliance following the instructions attached in the box, or youl

38、l be at risk.4In her judgement, he was not very good at his job.5I was_embarrassed (embarrass) for her when she slipped and fell. 6While listening (listen), the secretary set down a series of what the manager said.補全句子1He keeps working in_spite_of_his_illness. 他不顧生病堅持工作。2Such people always stick to

39、their views, even if it means that they_may_get_into_trouble.這種人總是堅持自己的觀點，即使這意味著他們可能會陷入困境。3You cant achieve your dream easily without_taking_risks/a_risk.不冒險你不可能輕易實現(xiàn)夢想。4Judging_from_the_expression on her face, she must have news of great excitement to tell us.從她臉上的神情來判斷，她一定有很令人興奮的消息要告訴我們。5She is_emb

40、arrassed_about/at her height.她因自己個子高而困窘。6When_(it_is)_heated,_water can be changed into steam.被加熱時，水能變成蒸汽。一、全練語言點，基穩(wěn)才能樓高本課語言點針對練習.單詞拼寫1Peter looks awkward (笨拙的), but in effect he is very smart.2A judge must be free from prejudice (偏見), so he can make a judgement about a case correctly.3What do you t

41、hink makes his plan abortion (中途失敗)?4The male (男性) is usually physically stronger than the female (女性)5The needle (針) pierced her finger while she was doing some sewing.6I lit a cigar (雪茄煙) to calm my nerves.7He is embarrassed (尷尬的) because he made a mistake.8A lot of small companies are having to f

42、ight for survival (幸存).單句改錯1Despite of her good salary, she measured out every dollar needed for household expenses.去掉of2Dont take it for granted, and even an experienced climber can get into the trouble.去掉the3It is typical of him to take risk in the experiment.riskrisks或risk前加a4I bet he was even mo

43、re embarrassing than I was.embarrassingembarrassed5Judged from appearance, he seems to be a strong man.JudgedJudging6How does the woman feel when asking about the offer price of her flat？askingasked.選詞填空1The girl has got_into the habit of playing with her hair while reading.2In_spite_of great effort

44、s, we failed to carry out our plans through.3Have you made_up_your_mind to quit smoking?4After the 800metrerace, the girls were out_of_breath.5We dont want to take_the_risk_of losing their business.本單元語言點溫故練習.同義句轉(zhuǎn)換(用it改寫句子)1To my surprise, he thought that it was impossible for him to learn English w

45、ell.To my surprise, he thought_it_impossible for him to learn English well.236 students are said to have passed the exam in our class.It_is_said_that 36 students passed the exam in our class.3To give up smoking is not easy.It_is_not_easy to give up smoking.4Debating about it is useless.It_is_useless

46、 debating about it.5I became stronger and stronger, which made my parents glad.I became stronger and stronger, and it_made_my_parents_glad.6He felt it was his duty to serve the people heart and soul.He felt_it_his_duty to serve the people heart and soul.7In the west, people send Christmas presents t

47、o their relatives and friends, making it a rule.In the west, people make_it_a_rule to send Christmas presents to their relatives and friends.8When and where to hold the match hasnt been decided.It_hasnt_been_decided when and where to hold the match.補全句子1He couldnt find a new solution to the problem

48、under_stress.在壓力下，他不能找出解決這個問題的新辦法。2She was_banned_from athletics for two years after failing a drug test.她在藥檢檢查失敗后被禁賽兩年。3They decided to cancel the flight due_to_the_storm.由于這場暴風雨，他們決定取消這次航班。4It is said that many teenagers are_addicted_to_cigarettes nowadays.據(jù)說現(xiàn)代很多青少年對香煙上癮。5(2014安徽高考書面表達)Go outdoors

49、 and play team games with your friends as physical_exercise_is_an_effective_way to get rid of anger.到戶外去和朋友們一起做團體運動，因為體育鍛煉是消除煩惱的一種有效方法。6He was_ashamed_of having lied to her.他因?qū)λf了謊而感到內(nèi)疚。7I am_accustomed_to/accustom_myself_to_living in the countryside, and I always find it hard to live in the city.我習

50、慣于生活在鄉(xiāng)村，總是覺得生活在城里很困難。8I cant afford as_expensive_a_car_as_his. 我買不起像他的一樣昂貴的小汽車。二、勤練高考題型，多練自能生巧.閱讀理解Its spring now. After a long, cold winter, your waistline may have expanded a bit and you may be considering a diet.Just do a quick Internet search of “crash diets”. The results are endless. “From star

51、t to finish, I dropped about 20 pounds，” Megan Costic said about her crash diet. “I cut everything out: I wasnt even eating vegetables at the end of it.”It was all to prepare for a bodybuilding show. Costic says its not the way she normally prepares, nor the way she should prepare. “It wasnt suppose

52、d to be a crash diet. I just started my plan a little too late，” said Costic.So what happened after the show? Exactly what you might expect. Costic gained all the weight back, and fast. “I deprived (剝奪) my body of so much stuff, once my body tasted all those salty, sugary, fattening foods, it wanted

53、 more and more，” said Costic.Costic is not alone. Wellness Dietitian with ProMedica Health Systems Nathan Drendel says he has seen it all. “People lose 1520 pounds and they dont learn anything but deprivation and they overeat and put 25 on. Then they drop 30 and put 35 on，” explained Drendel. “It ca

54、n have problems with the heart, and the immune system. It can mess up your metabolism (新陳代謝) over time if you do it for a long time，” said Drendel.Doctor Ameer Kabour, Chief of Cardiology for Mercy St. Vincents, says his department sees a lot of people with heart problems this time of year, after do

55、ing a crash diet. “Because of that diet, people have a significant drop in their blood pressure and they pass out (昏迷)，” said Kabour.1Why did Costic try crash diets?ATo change her lifestyle.BTo prepare for a show.CTo keep fit and healthy.DTo enjoy the spring season.解析：選B細節(jié)理解題。由第三段“It was all to prepare for a bodybuilding show.”可知，Costic開始速效減肥是因為她要參加一個健美比賽。2What can we learn from Costics case?APeople sho