1、Objectives Identify features of a research report Plan and organize ideas for a research report Draft and revise expository writing fora research reportExpository: Research ReportRead Like a Writer Proofread, publish, and present a research reportMaterials Unit Writing Transparencies 1924Features of

2、 a Research Report It presentsresearch gathered from a variety of sources, and lists them in a bibliography. It starts with astrong introduction and endswith concluding sentences. It presents amain idea andsupports it with facts and details in three or more supporting sentences. It usestransition wo

3、rds toconnect ideas.LA.Listen to gain and share informationRead aloud the following excerpt from a research report on animal defense systems. Explain to students that this is an example of a research reportinformational writing that presents facts gathered from a variety of reliable sources.

4、Ask students to listen for a strong introduction that captures readers interest the main idea and facts and details that support it transition words that connect the writers ideasFor animals in the wild, danger can come in many forms, so different animals must defend themselves in different ways. So

5、me use mimicry, some take flight, and some fight.Some animals protect themselves by mimicry imitating something else. For example, the syrphid, or hover fly, protects itself by looking like a bee or a yellow jacket, insects that can sting. In fact, the syrphid is harmless. Among other animals that f

6、ool predators are the walking-stick, which can blend in with twigs, and the opossum, which curls up and plays dead.Some animals stay out of danger by taking flight. For instance, rabbits may hop in a zigzag pattern, which makes them harder to follow. On the other hand, squirrels run in a straight li

7、neright up a tall tree!&-Use Pictures Provide further explanation of theDiscuss the Featuresconcepts presented in the excerpt by showingLA.plan to focusUse prewritingAfter reading, discuss the following questions with students:students pictures of theanimals named in it. Referon main What is

8、the main idea of this report? (Different animalsto the pictures while reinforcing ideas in theidea andof sduevpeplooprmteintgprotect themselves in different ways.) What facts and details support the main idea? (Specificreport. Then guide students to use the pictures as they recall the excerpt and sh

9、are what they know or want to know about the animals.detailsexamples include the syrphid, walking-stick, opossum,rabbits, and squirrels.) What transition words does the writer use? (in fact, for instance, on the other hand)513AUnit 4PrewriteLA.Create interesting leads by studying leadsSet a P

10、urpose and Know the Audience The purpose of writing a research report is to present information about a topic. Have students identify their audience. Encourage them to replicate Writing Topic Think about places that you have visitedofprofessional the leads and styles of professional authors in their

11、 report. authorsLA.Make a plan for writing that prioritizes ideas, addresses the main idea and the time needed to complete the taskHave students consider topics of interest to their audience.Choose a Topic Tell students that they will write a research report about places they have visited or

12、would like to visit. Have students make a plan for writing that prioritizes ideas, addresses the main idea and the time needed to complete the task. Mini Lesson OrganizationDisplay Transparency 19 and explain that together you will follow Nora W.s progress as she develops a research report. Point ou

13、t the following details in Noras outline: or would like to visit.Choose a landmark, and gather information about it from a variety of sources.Present the facts in a research report. State the main idea in the introduction, provide supporting details, and connect your points by using transition words

14、. She plans to start with a strong introduction that will state LA.Prewrite by organizing ideas using toolsLA.Prewrite by organizing ideas using toolsLA.Present quotes using ethical practicesLA.Edits quotations for exact words from sourcesthe main idea of the research rep

15、ort. She lists facts and details to support the main idea. She ends her outline with a concluding sentence.Organize Ideas Tell students they will use an outline to organize their research reports. Use the transparency to demonstrate how to make an outline.Remind students they can use a variety of st

16、rategies to organize expository writing, including sequence, chronology, cause and effect, problem and solution, or order of importance.Writers ResourcesNote taking Tell students that as they gather information from reliable sources, such as Web sites, first-hand interviews with experts, class speak

17、ers, books, and articles, it is important to take notes. Notes will help them remember information and will serve as a point of reference as they write their reports. Share these note taking tips: Use index cards. Zero in on the most important information. Make a separate card for each important poi

18、nt.Note the source of your information on the cards.es. Summarize in your own words to avoid plagiarism. Remember to edit punctuation in cited sources and to edit quotations for exact wordsfrom sourc You have the optionof prewriting and developing drafts alone or collaboratively with classmates.Tran

19、sparency 19A Nations LandmarkI. The White House is a famous U.S. landmark.A. The President lives there.B. The address is 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue.II. George Washington chose the site.A. He chose it in 1792.B. He was the only President who didnt live there.III. Construction was completed in 1800.A. J

20、ohn Adams was President.B. The White House became home to most Presidents.IV. The White House is big.A. It is 55,000 square feet, with 132 rooms and 35 bathrooms.B. The first floor is for publicactivitiesC. The second and third floors are private.V. The White House is an important part of our nation

21、shistory.Unit Writing Transparency 19Experiences 513BDraft Mini Lesson Details and Facts&-Use Concept Mapping Provide students with blank concept maps. After they select a landmark, invite them to use the concept map to record facts and details they learn whenconducting research. Once students have

22、a map with four or five factual details, assist them in using this information to create sentences that support their main idea.LA.5.3.2Write a draftLA.Elaborate on organized information using supporting detailsLA.ExperimentDisplay Transparency 20. Point out these details in Noras draf

23、t: She writes a strong introduction that identifies her topic. She includes facts and details that elaborate on the main idea. She presents three or more supporting sentences. She ends with concluding sentences about the White House. Nora will have the chance to revise and proofread in later stages.

24、Check Your Outline Have students refer to their outlines as they write one or more drafts by categorizing ideas, organizing them into paragraphs, and blending the paragraphs into longer compositions. Add in any information that seems to be missing. Remind them to include the facts and details listed

25、 on their outlines in their reports. Help students to distinguish among facts, supported inferences, and opinions in the sources.Write the Draft Remind students that the first draft is anwith various opportunity to develop ideas. Share the following tips:typesofleadsUnit 4 Writing WorkshopTransparen

26、cy 20A Nations Landmarkby Nora W.The President lives at 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue. The White House is one of the U.S. landmarks.George Washington chose the site for the White House in 1792. He was the only President who dont live there. Construction was completed in1800 when John Adams was President.

27、The house has served as the official residents of the President and his family.Todays White House is big. The first floor is for public activities with special meeting rooms such as the State Dining Room where important leaders are entertained. The second and third floors are the Presidents private

28、residents.For more than two hundred years the White House has served as home to the President.The White House is an important part of our nations history.Unit Writing Transparency 20513CUnit 4 Experiment with various types of leads in your introductionto catch the atttention of readers. Write a deta

29、iled paragraph for each Roman numeral in your outline. Include the details that you have designated, grouping related ideas into paragraphs, including topic sentences and maintaining a consistent focus across paragraphs. Use what you have learned from reading expository writing to use paragraphs and

30、 indentation. Connect your ideas by using transition words or phrases. Use commas or semicolons as needed. Draw a conclusion based on the information you presented.Writers ResourcesCreate a Bibliography Remind students that a bibliography is a list of all the reliable sources used to research a repo

31、rt.Point out that it may include books, articles, or other media resources. Explain that a bibliography tells readers where they can go to find out more.Note that a bibliography entry lists the author, book title, publisher, place of publication, and year of publication. Mention that entries are lis

32、ted alphabetically by author, or if no author is given, by title. Display and discuss examples of entries, including books, newspapers, and Web sites.LA. Record basic bibliographic dataLA. Edits punctuation in cited sourcesRevise Mini Lesson SupportLA.Evaluate draft for&-develop

33、ment of ideas and content, word choice, and sentence variationDisplay Transparency 21 and point out how Nora W. revises agood research report to make it excellent. She changes the first sentence to a question, adding interest by varying sentence type. (Sentence Fluency) She adds the transitions Howe

34、ver and From that point on to the second paragraph to connect ideas. (Sentence Fluency) In the third paragraph, she lengthens one sentence by adding supporting details and uses increasingly complex syntax to express her ideas. (Sentence Fluency) She adds most recognized to be precise about how well

35、known the White House is. (Word Choice) She adds details to her concluding sentences to make them clearer. (Ideas and Content)Nora will need to proofread her report to make final corrections.Guide students to think about the following writing elements as they evaulate and revise their research repor

36、ts.Build Fluency Provide a quiet space for pairs of students to read theirreports aloud. Encourage them to make notes about their partners drafts. Have them listencarefully for sentences that sound choppy, repetitive, or longwinded. Invite students to think of ways to make the writing flow more smoo

37、thly.Focus Is your information focused on one main idea? Did you use a variety of sources?Organization Do you begin with a strong introduction and end with concluding sentences?Support Does your tone convey your interest in the topic? Do you connect your points with transition words and use commas o

38、r semicolons as needed? Do you use vivid and precise words?Conventions Did you use a dictionary and thesaurus to check your spelling and word choices?WhoTransparency 21ANations Landmarkby Nora W.If you said the American President, then you are correct.SS SdWSeThink, Pair, Share Give students time to

39、 write strong opening sentences. Then have partners discuss the effectiveness of the openers. Encourage students to share ideas with the class, assisting each other in making improvements to their openers.Flexible Pairing Option Consider pairing students who wrote shorter reports with those who wrot

40、e lengthier ones.The President lives at 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue.most recognizedThe White House is one of the U.S. landmarks.George Washington chose the site for the WhiteHowever,House in 1792. He was the only President who dont livethere. Construction was completed in1800 when JohnFrom that point o

41、n,Adams was President. The house has served as theofficial residents of the President and his family.more than 55,000 square feet and has 132 rooms with 35 bathroomsTodays White House is big. The first floor is for public activities with special meeting rooms such as the State Dining Room where impo

42、rtant leaders are entertained. The second and third floors are thePresidents private residents.For more than two hundred years The White House has served as home to the President, a landmark for visitors, and a meeting place for global leadersThe White House is an important part of our nationshistor

43、y.Unit Writing Transparency 21Experiences 513DProofread/Edit Mini Lesson ConventionsHave students read their research reports aloud. Share these strategies.SPEAKING STRATEGIES Speak clearly and pace the presentation properly. Be expressive, as if you were guiding a tour of the landmark. Look up at y

44、our audience occasionally.LISTENING STRATEGIES Overcome barriers to listening. Sit quietly and give the speaker your full attention. Listen for information. Predict, clarify, analyze, and critique the speakers information and pointof view.LA.5.3.4Student will edit and correctdraftLA.Edits cap

45、italization of nationalities, ethnicities, geographic names and places, literary titles, languages, andreligionsDisplay Transparency 22 to point out examples of Nora W.sproofreading corrections. She replaces a period with a question mark. She replaces residents with the homophone residence. She chan

46、ges who dont to who didnt to make the pronoun agree with the verb. She adds commas to set off a descriptive phrase.Have students read and reread their research reports to find and correct mistakes. Review the use of proofreading marks on page 152 of the Teachers Resource Book. Remind students to edi

47、t for capitalization of any nationalities, ethnicities, geographic names and places, literary titles, languages, and religions.SS SdWSeThink, Pair, Share Have partners scan each others papers for correct pronoun usage. Invite them to circle each pronoun and correct any that areused inappropriately.

48、Then have pairs select one example to read aloud.WhoTransparency 22ANations Landmarkby Nora W.If you said the American President,Whothen you are correct.The President lives at 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue.?most recognizedThe White House is one of the U.S landmarks.George Washington chose the site for th

49、e WhiteHowever,didntHouse in 1792. He was the only President who dont live(sp)there. Construction was completed in1800 when JohnFrom that point on,Adams was President. The house has served as theresidenceofficial residents of the President and his family.morethan 55,000 square feet andhas 132 roomsw

50、ith 35 bathroomsTodays White House is big. The first floor is forpublic activities with special meeting rooms such,as the State Dining Room where important leaders,are entertained. The second and third floors are theresidencePresidents private residents.For more than two hundred years The White Hous

51、e has served as home to the President, a landmark for visitors, and a meeting place for globalThe White House is an important part of our nationshistory.most recognizedHowever,(sp)If you said the American President, then you are correct.?didntTEACHER CONFERENCEUse the rubric on page 513G to evaluate

52、 student writing and help you formulate questions to foster self-assessment. Ask: What reliable sources did you use to research your report? Which facts and details did you use to support your main idea? Which transition words did you use?Unit 4 Writing WorkshopFrom that point on, residencemore than

53、 55,000 square feet and has 132 rooms with 35 bathrooms,residenceFor more than two hundred years The White House has served as home to the President, a landmark for visitors, and a meeting place for global leaders.513EUnit 4Publish LA.5.3.5 Write final product for intended audienceHave students neat

54、ly write or type a final copy of their reports. Remind them to use appropriately spaced words, sentences, and paragraphs and to use standard margins. Students can also publish one of the weeks writing assignments.PRESENTATIONInvite students to present their research reports as if they were tour guid

55、es informing visitors about the landmarks.Authors Chair Encourage students who would like to presenttheir research reports to do so from the Authors Chair.Test StrategyRaising ScoresREAD AND SCOREDisplay Transparency 23 and tell students to follow along as you read the research report aloud. Then ha

56、ve students use the student rubric on page 156 of the Teachers Resource Book to assess the writing sample.Guide students to understand that this research report is only a fair writing sample, which would score only a 2, and that they will work together in groups to improve it.Objective Revisea research report to raise the writing score from a3 toa 6Distribute copies o