1、.1997 年全國碩士研究生入學統(tǒng)一考試英語試題section iicloze testdirections:for each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked a, b, c, and d. choosethe best one and mark your answer on theanswer sheet 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in thebrackets. (10 points)manpower inc., with 56

2、0,000 workers, is the world largest temporary employment agency. everymorning, its people 大 41家into the offices and factories of america, seeking a day sone day at a time.大42家industrial giants like general motors and ibm struggle to survive大 43家reducing the number of employees, manpower, based in mi

3、lwaukee, wisconsin, is booming.大 44家 its economy continues to recover, the us is increasingly becoming a nation of part-timers andtemporary workers. this “ 大45家 ” work force is the most important大 46家in american businesstoday, and it is 大47家changing the relationship between people and their jobs. th

4、e phenomenon provides away for companies to remain globally competitive 大 48家avoiding market cycles and the growing burdens大49家by employment rules, healthcarecosts and pension plans. for workers it can mean an end to thesecurity, benefits and sense of大50家that came from being a loyal employee.41. a s

5、warmb stridec separated slip42. a forb becausec asd since43. a fromb inc ond by44. a even thoughb now thatc if onlyd provided that45. a durableb disposablec availabled transferable46. a approachb flowc fashiond trend47. a instantlyb reverselyc fundamentallyd sufficiently;.48. a butb whilec andd wher

6、eas49. a imposedb restrictedc illustratedd confined50. a excitementb convictionc enthusiasmd importancesection iiireading comprehensiondirections:each of the passages below is followed by some questions. for each question there are four answers marked ab, c and d. read the passages carefully and cho

7、ose the best answer to each of the questions. then markyour answer on the answer sheet by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. (40 points)text 1it was 3:45 in the morning when the vote was finally taken. after six months of arguing and final 16 hoursof hot parliamentary debates, aust

8、ralia s northern territory became the first legal authority in tallow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients who wish to die. the measure passed by the convincingvote of 15 to 10. almost immediately word flashed on the internet and was picked up, half a world away, byjohn hofsess, execu

9、tive director of the right to die society of canada. he sent it on via the group-lineservice, death net. says hofsess: “ we posted bulletins all day long, becauseof course this isn justsomething that happened in australia. it s world history.”the full import may take a while to sink in. the nt right

10、s of the terminally ill law has left physicians andcitizens alike trying to deal with its moral and practical implications. some have breathed sighs of relief, others,including churches, right-to-life groups and the australian medical association, bitterly attacked the bill and thehaste of its passa

11、ge. but the tide is unlikely to turn back. in australia - where an aging population, life-extendingtechnology and changing community attitudes have all played their part - other statesare going to considermaking a similar law to deal with euthanasia.in the us and canada, where the right-to-die movem

12、ent isgathering strength, observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling.;.under the new northern territory law, an adult patient can request death - probably by a deadly injectionor pill - to put an end to suffering. the patient must be diagnosedas terminally ill by two doctors. after a“ c

13、ooling off ” period of seven days, the patient can sign a certificate of request. after 48 hours the wish fo death can be met. for lloyd nickson, a 54-year-old darwin resident suffering from lung cancer, the nt rightsof terminally ill law means he can get on with living without the haunting fear of

14、his suffering: a terrifying deathfrom his breathing condition.“ i m not afraid of dying from a spiritual point of view,afraidbutwhatof i wawas how i d go, because i ve watched people die in the hospital fighting for oxygen and clawing at thmasks, ” he says.51. from the second paragraph we learn that

15、 _.a the objection to euthanasia is slow to come in other countriesb physicians and citizens share the same view on euthanasiac changing technology is chiefly responsible for the hasty passage of the lawd it takes time to realize the significance of the law s passage52. when the author says that obs

16、ervers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling, he means _.a observers are taking a wait-and-see attitude towards the future of euthanasiab similar bills are likely to be passed in the us, canada and other countriesc observers are waiting to see the result of the game of dominoesd the effect-t

17、aking process of the passed bill may finally come to a stop53. when lloyd nickson dies, he will _.a face his death with calm characteristic of euthanasiab experience the suffering of a lung cancer patientc have an intense fear of terrible sufferingd undergo a cooling off period of seven days;.54. th

18、e author s attitude towards euthanasia seems to be that of _.a oppositionb suspicionc approvald indifferencetext 2a report consistently brought back by visitors to the us is how friendly, courteous, and helpful most americans wereto them. to be fair, this observation is also frequently made of canad

19、a and canadians,and should best be considered north american. there are, of course, exceptions. small-minded officials, rude waiters, and ill-mannered taxi drivers are hardly unknown in the us. yet it is an observation made so frequently that it deserves comment.for a long period of time and in many

20、 parts of the country, a traveler was a welcome break in an otherwise dull existence. dullness and loneliness were common problems of the families who generally lived distant from one another. strangers and travelers were welcome sources of diversion, and brought news of the outside world.the harsh

21、realities of the frontier also shaped this tradition of hospitality. someone traveling alone, if hungry, injured, or ill, often had nowhere to turn except to the nearest cabin or settlement. it was not a matter of choice for the traveler or merely a charitable impulse on the part of the settlers. it

22、 reflected the harshness of daily life: if you didn take in the stranger and take care of him, there was no one else who would. and someday, remember, you might be in the same situation.today there are many charitable organizations which specialize in helping the weary traveler. yet, the old traditi

23、on of hospitality to strangers is still very strong in the us, especially in the smaller cities and towns awayfrom the busy tourist trails.aveling“iwasthrough,justtr got talking with this american, and pretty soon heinvited me home for dinner - amazing.” such observations reported by visitors to the

24、 us are not uncommon,;.but are not always understood properly. the casual friendliness of many americans should be interpretedneither as superficial nor as artificial, but as the result of a historically developed cultural tradition.as is true of any developed society, in america a complex set of cu

25、ltural signals, assumptions, andconventions underlies all social interrelationships. and, of course, speaking a language does not necessarily meathat someone understandssocial and cultural patterns. visitors who fail to “ translatecultural” meaningsproperly often draw wrong conclusions. for example,

26、 when american uses the word“ friend,” the cimplications of the word may be quite different from those it has in the visitormore than a brief encounter on a bus to distinguish between courteous convention and individual interest. yet,being friendly is a virtue that many americans value highly and ex

27、pect from both neighbors and strangers.55. in the eyes of visitors from the outside world, _.a rude taxi drivers are rarely seen in the usb small-minded officials deserve a serious commentc canadians are not so friendly as their neighborsd most americans are ready to offer help56. it could be inferr

28、ed from the last paragraph that _.a culture exercises an influence over social interrelationshipb courteous convention and individual interest are interrelatedc various virtues manifest themselves exclusively among friendsd social interrelationships equal the complex set of cultural conventions57. f

29、amilies in frontier settlements used to entertain strangers _.a to improve their hard lifeb in view of their long-distance travelc to add some flavor to their own daily life;.d out of a charitable impulse58. the tradition of hospitality to strangers _.a tends to be superficial and artificialb is gen

30、erally well kept up in the united statesc is always understood properlyd has something to do with the busy tourist trailstext 3technically, any substanceother than food that alters our bodily or mental functioning is a drug. manypeople mistakenly believe the term drug refers only to some sort of med

31、icine or an illegal chemical taken bydrug addicts. they don t realize that familiar substances such as alcohol and tobacco are also drugs. twhy the more neutral term substance is now used by many physicians and psychologists. the phrase“ substance abuse” is often used instead of“ drug abuse” to make

32、 clear that substancetobacco can be just as harmfully misused as heroin and cocaine.we live in a society in which the medicinal and social use of substances (drugs) is pervasive: an aspirin toquiet a headache, some wine to be sociable, coffee to get going in the morning, a cigarette for the nerves.

33、whendo these socially acceptable and apparently constructive uses of a substance become misuses? first of all, mostsubstancestaken in excesswill produce negativeeffects such as poisoning or intense perceptual distortions.repeated use of a substance can also lead to physical addiction or substance de

34、pendence. dependence is markfirst by an increased tolerance, with more and more of the substance required to produce the desired effect, andthen by the appearance of unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the substance is discontinued.drugs (substances)that affect the central nervous system andalter pe

35、rception, mood, and behavior areknown as psychoactive substances. psychoactive substances are commonly grouped according to whether theyare stimulants, depressants, or hallucinogens. stimulants initially speed up or activate the central nervous system;.whereas depressants slow it down. hallucinogens

36、 have their primary effect on perception, distorting and alteringit in a variety of ways including producing hallucinations.these are the substancesoften called psychedelic(from the greek word meaning-manifesting“mind” ) because they seemed to radically alter oneconsciousness.59.“ substance abuse” (

37、line 5, paragraph 1) is preferable to“ drug abuse” in tha substances can alter our bodily or mental functioning if illegally usedb “ drug abuse ” is only related to a limited number of drug takersc alcohol and tobacco are as fatal as heroin and cocained many substances other than heroin or cocaine c

38、an also be poisonous60. the word “ pervasive ” (line 1, paragraph 2) might mean _.a widespreadb overwhelmingc piercingd fashionable61. physical dependence on certain substances results from _.a uncontrolled consumption of them over long periods of timeb exclusive use of them for social purposesc qua

39、ntitative application of them to the treatment of diseasesd careless employment of them for unpleasant symptoms62. from the last paragraph we can infer that _.a stimulants function positively on the mindb hallucinogens are in themselves harmful to healthc depressants are the worst type of psychoacti

40、ve substances;.d the three types of psychoactive substances are commonly used in groupstext 4no company likes to be told it is contributing to the moral decline of a nation.“ is this what youto accomplish with your careers?” senator robert dole asked time warner executives last week.sold your souls,

41、 but must you corrupt our nation and threaten our children as well?ner, however,such questions are simply the latest manifestation of the soul-searchingthat has involved the company eversince the company was born in 1990. it sa self-examination that has, at various times, involved issuesofresponsibi

42、lity, creative freedom and the corporate bottom line.at the core of this debate is chairman gerald levin, 56, who took over for the late steve ross in 1992. onthe financial front, levin is under pressure to raise the stock price and reduce the companydebt, which will increase to $17.3 billion after

43、two new cable deals close. he has promised to sell off some of theproperty and restructure the company, but investors are waiting impatiently.the flap over rap is not making life any easier for him. levin has consistently defended the companyrap music on the grounds of expression.in 1992, when time

44、warner was under fire for releasingice-t sviolent rap song cop killer, levin described rap as a lawful expressionof street culture, which deservesanoutlet.“ the test of any democratic society,wall street”he journalcolumn,wroteina“ lies not in how wellit can control expression but in whether it gives

45、 freedom of thought and expression the widest possible latitude,however disputable or irritating the results may sometimes be. we won t retreat in the face of any threatslevin would not comment on the debate last week, but there were signs that the chairman was backing offhis hard-line stand, at lea

46、st to some extent. during the discussion of rock singing verses at last month sstockholders meeting, levin asserted that“ music is not the cause of societya teacher in the bronx, new york, who uses rap to communicate with students. but he talked as well about the“ balanced struggle” between creative

47、 freedom and social responsibility, and he announced that the com;.would launch a drive to develop standards for distribution and labeling of potentially objectionable music.the 15-member time warner board is generally supportive of levin and his corporate strategy. butinsiders say several of them h

48、ave shown their concerns in this matter.“ some of us have known for manmany years that the freedoms under the first amendment are not totally unlimited,perhaps the case that some people associated with the company have only recently come to realize this.63. senator robert dole criticized time warner

49、 for _.a its raising of the corporate stock priceb its self-examination of soulc its neglect of social responsibilityd its emphasis on creative freedom64. according to the passage, which of the following is true?a luce is a spokesman of time warner.b gerald levin is liable to compromise.c time warne

50、r is united as one in the face of the debate.d steve ross is no longer alive.65. in face of the recent attacks on the company, the chairman _.a stuck to a strong stand to defend freedom of expressionb softened his tone and adopted some new policyc changed his attitude and yielded to objectiond recei

51、ved more support from the 15-member board66. the best title for this passage could be _.a a company under fireb a debate on moral decline;.c a lawful outlet of street cultured a form of creative freedomtext 5much of the languageused to describe monetary policy, such as “ steering the economy to a so

52、ftlanding” or“ a touch on the brakes,” makes it sound like a precise science. nothing could be futhe truth. the link between interest rates and inflation is uncertain. and there are long, variable lags beforepolicy changes have any effect on the economy. hence the analogy that likens the conduct of

53、monetary policy todriving a car with a blackened windscreen, a cracked rear-view mirror and a faulty steering wheel.given all these disadvantages,central bankers seem to have had much to boast about of late. averageinflation in the big seven industrial economies fell to a mere 2.3% last year, close to its lowest level in 30 years,before rising slightly to 2.5% this july. this is a long way below the double-digit rates which many countriesexperienced in the 1970s and early 1980s.it is also less than most forecastershad predicted. in