1、.2016屆上海普陀高三一?？荚嚂r間： 120 分鐘滿分： 150 分ii. grammar and vocabulary（ 26 分）section adirections: after reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. for the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form ofthe given word; for the o

2、ther blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(a)different forms of hospitality (好客 )i am a british woman social anthropologist (人類學(xué)家 ). i once spent a year in moldova, ineastern europe, （ 25） _ (study) everyday life in the country. i stayed with a moldovanfamily to see from the inside how peo

3、ple managed their lives. i had a wonderful time and made many new friends. what i observed is of course based on my own experience at a particular place and time.i often found (26) _ surprisinglydifficultto see life there through the eyes of amoldovan. this was (27) _ the people i met were extremely

4、 hospitable and i was treated asan honoured guest at all times. as my hosts, they wanted me to enjoy myself, and not to get (28)_ (involve) in shopping, cooking, or other domestic jobs. most mornings i was encouragedto go out to explore the city, or carry out my research, and i returned later to fin

5、d that my elderlylandlady and her sister had travelled across the city on buses to the central market (29) _(bring) back heavy loads of potatoes, a whole lamb, or other large quantities of products.i was often invited to people s homes, and was always offered food on entering. most of theadults i me

6、t enjoyed inviting friends, family, neighbours, colleagues and even strangers into their homes, (30) _ they treated them to food, drink, and a lively hospitable atmosphere. hostshurried to serve guests as well and as quickly as possible. (31) _ a household was expectingguest, large amounts of food w

7、ere prepared in advance, usually by the women. wine had alreadybeen made, generally by the men, (32) _ were also responsible for pouring it. unexpectedvisitors were still offered as much food and drink as the household (33) _ provide in the.circumstances.(b)how english family life has evolved since

8、the eighteenth centurythe majority of english families of the pre-industrial age, roughly until the mid-eighteencentury, lived in a rural location. many of them owned or had the use of a small piece of land, andactually all family members were busy with agricultural work in one form or another, usua

9、lly (34)_ (grow) food for their own consumption and sometimes also producing food or othergoods for sale.the labour was controlled by the husband, (35) _ _ his wife and children, too,had an economic value as their contributionsto the familyincome were likelyto make thedifference between starvation a

10、nd survival.children worked from an early age, girls helping their mothers, and boys their fathers.school was an occasional factor in theirlives. instead, children learned by doing (36) _their parents showed them. knowledge of caring (37) _ animals, sewing was handed downfrom parent to child.also, m

11、ost people engaged in handicraft production in the home, and the family(38)_ (pay) to work with cloth, wood or leather. in general, this work could be put aside andtaken up again when there was a break such as agricultural work.the process of industrialization in the second half of the eighteenth ce

12、ntury and during thenineteenth transformed life for the majority of the population. it was the use of steam to powermachinery (39) _ required large buildings, and it resulted in the construction of numerousfactories in many towns and cities. these in turn (40) _（encourage） migration from thecountrys

13、ide in search of work. if electricityhad preceded steam, domestic industry might havesurvived more fully.section bdirections:complete the following passage by using the words in the box. each word can onlybe used once. note that there is one word more than you need.a.commentb.complexc.depressiond.ex

14、pecte. equivalentf. holdsg.mappedh.recommendedi.handlej.notedk.severebeing sociable looks like a good way to add years to your life. relationships with family,friends, neighbours, even pets, will all do the trick, but the biggest longevity (長壽 ) boost seems tocome from marriage or a(n) _ relationshi

15、p. the effect was first noted in 1858 _by williamfarr, who wrote that widows ( 寡婦 )and widowers were at a much higher risk of dying than their married peers. studies since then suggest that marriage could add as much as seven years to aman s life and two to a woman s. the effect _ for all causes of

16、death, whether illness, accidentor self-harm.even if the odds are stacked against you, marriage can more than compensate. linda waite ofthe university of chicago has found that a married older man with heart disease can _ to livenearly four years longer than an unmarried man with a healthy heart. li

17、kewise, a married manwho smokes more than a pack a day is likely to live as long as a divorced man who doesn t smoke.there sflipa side, however, as partners are more likely to become ill or die in the couple of yearsfollowing their spouse s death, and caring for a spouse with mental disorder can lea

18、ve you withsome of the same _ problems. even so, the odds favour marriage. in a 30-year study of morethan 10,000 people, nicholas christakis of harvard medical school describes how all kind s ofsocial networks have similar effects.so how does itwork?the effects are complex,46_ by socio-economicfacto

19、rs,health-service provision, emotional support and other more physiological (生理的 ) mechanisms.for example, social contact can boost development of the brain and immune system, leading to better health and less chance of _47_ later in life. people in supportive relationships may _48_ stress better. t

20、hen there are the psychological benefits of a supportive partner.a life partner, children and good friends are all _49_ if you aim to live to 100. the ultimatesocial network i s still being _ out, but christakis says:“ people are interconnected, so theirhealth is interconnected.”iii. reading compreh

21、ension （ 47 分）section adirections: for each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked a, b,c and d.fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.who needs sleep?it s 2 a.m. the time when you should be in beds, sound asleep. but pull back the curtai

22、ns andyou might be surprised by the number of lights on in your street night-time is _51_ just forsleeping. it has become the new daytime, offering us the chance to catch up on everything wedidn tmanage to finish during what used to be our _52_ hours. now, _53_ sleeping,we can check our bank balance

23、s by phone, buy groceries, surf the net for cheap flights or go to the gym.such flexibility, _54_, has a price. our bodies are run by circadian rhythms (晝夜節(jié)律 ), aprehistoric internal clock that regulates when we feel sleepy or awake and affects our bodytemperature and level of alertness. it makes ou

24、r brains and bodies _55_ during the day and allows them to recover through the night. so powerful is this clock that even two weeks on a nightshift without break will not _56_ its rhythm, and when scientists keep human volunteersin isolation, without any indication of what time it is inthe day, they

25、 still show daily cycles oftemperature changes, sleep and wakefulness, and hormone release. but, _57_ workingagainst our bodys natural rhythm is likely to cause ourselves both physical and psychological damage. research also shows it may actually _58_ our risk of health problems such as stomach dise

26、ases.consultant tom mackey believes that our normal circadian rhythms are increasingly beingcompletely _59_. “more and more of us are being pressured into doing things at odd hours.this is going to have a(n) _60_ impact on quality and length of sleep. if people dontgo tobed at a reasonable time, say

27、 around 11 p.m., and have between six and eight hours of sleep, theywill be unable to concentrate. you need sleep for rest and _61_. if you stuff your mind withinformation for too long, then everything gets disorganized -you become _62_ to managedaytime activities. ”the circadian rhythms that run th

28、e sleep/wake cycle are as old as _63_ itself. ourprehistoric ancestors would have needed their biological clock to get them out hunting during theday and probably in bed around nightfall to avoid intruders. our night vision is not as fast as thatof nocturnal ( 夜間活動的 ) animals -our natural rhythm was

29、 to sleep as the sun went down. the.invention of the electric light obviously _64_ that. like most biological systems, circadianrhythms are not made to _65_. our internal clock runs a bit longer than 24 hours, hence itslatin name, circadian, which means “about a day.”51.a. by all meansb. on earthc.

30、in no timed. to this day52.a. sleepingb. wakingc. businessd. rush53.a. in terms ofb. regardless ofc. as a result ofd. instead of54.a. furthermoreb. otherwisec. howeverd. somewhat55.a. activeb. relaxingc. tiringd. conscious56.a. formb. destroyc. improved. recover57.a. efficientlyb. proudlyc. continua

31、llyd. independently58.a. minimizeb. assessc. avoidd. increase59.a. brokenb. enhancedc. emphasizedd. misunderstood60.a. effectiveb. negativec. directd. reliable61.a. reservationb. resettingc. repaird. replacement62.a. boredb. willingc. likelyd. unable63.a. evolutionb. clockc. mysteryd. hunting64.a. i

32、mprovedb. changedc. speededd. followed65.a. measureb. reversec. regulated. discoversectionbdirections: read the following three passages. each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. for each of them there are four choices marked a, b, c and d. choose the one that fits bes

33、t according to the information given in the passage you have just read.awhen milk on the doorstepan delivering milk to our doorstep. his name was mr. basille. hewore a white cap and drove a white truck. as a 5-year- old boy, i couldn t take my eyes off the coinchanger fixed to his bwhen i was a boy

34、growing up in new jersey in the 1960s, we had a milkmelt. he noticedthis one day during a delivery and gave me a quarter out of his coin changer.of course, he delivered more than milk. there was cheese, eggs and so on. if we needed to changeour order, my mother would pen a note -“ please add a bottl

35、e of buttermilk next delivery- and”.place it in the box along with the empty bottles. and then, the buttermilk would magically appear. all of this was about more than convenience. there existed a close relationship between families and their milkmen. mr. basille even had a key to out house, for thos

36、e times when it was so coldoutside that we put the box indoors, so that the milk wouldn t freeze. and i remember mr. basillefrom time to time taking a break at our kitchen table, having a cup of tea and telling stories abouthis delivery.there is sadly no home milk delivery today. big companies allow

37、ed the production of cheaper milk, thus making it difficult for milkmen to compete. besides, milk is for sale everywhere, and it may just not have been practical to have a delivery service.recently, an old milk box in the countryside i saw brought back my childhood memories. i took ithome and plante

38、d it on the back porch （門廊）. every so often my son s friends will ask what it is.so i start telling stories of my boyhood, and of the milkman who brought us friendship along withhis milk.66. mr basille gave the boy a quarter out of his coin changer _.a. to show his magical power. b. to pay for the d

39、elivery.c. to satisfy his curiosity. d. to please his mother.67. what can be inferred from the fact that the milkman had the key to the boy s house?a. he wanted to have tea there. b. he was a respectable person.c. he was treated as a family member. d. he was fully trusted by the family.68. why does

40、home milk delivery no longer exist?a. nobody wants to be a milkman now. b. it has been driven out of the market.c. its service is getting poor. d. it is forbidden by law.69. why did the author bring back home an old milk box?a. he missed the good old days. b. he wanted to tell interesting stories.c.

41、 he needed it for his milk bottles. d. he planted flowers in it.bcwuthe communication unionhead of researchsalary: 55.271we are looking for a head of research to manage the cwu research department and information centre. you would be required to exercise control of all research work of the departmen

42、t and manage a team of three researchers and four support staff.the person appointed would be expected to carry out research work of a strategic nature across the rangeof businesses in which the cwu has or seeks membership and to contribute to the strategic thinking and direction of the union as a w

43、hole.you will need: proven line management skills, especially in managing and motivating a team; good research skills, holding a good degree in a related subject or other similar experience; a high level of mathematical andcalculating skills; the ability to produce high quality work under pressure;

44、a commitment to and knowledge of the trade union movement and social democratic politics; and knowledge and/ or experience of the postal and/ or telecommunications industry.to apply, please request an application pack by emailing or by telephoning hr (humanresources ) on 020 8971 7482. whe

45、n applying please state your source.closing date for applications: 4th august 2010anticipated interview date: 17th august 2010no agencies please1. in which column of a newspaper could we find this advertisement?a. arts.b. sales.c. jobs.d. news.2. one of the duties of the person to be appointed is _.

46、a. taking charge of research work.b. seeking membership for the trade union.c. managing a team of three or four members.d. running a telecommunications company.3. if you want to apply for this position, you can do all except _.a. ask an agency for an application formb. dial 020 8971 7482 for more in

47、formationc. email for an application packd. send in your application before 4th august 20104. which of the following applicants is most likely to be employed?a. a school teacher with a masters degree.b. a university graduate majoring in computer science.c. a director from a research centre

48、 with a masters degree.d. a clerk from a telecommunications company.ca childs map often provides a much-needed rest for parents too. time for an uninterrupted phone call, or a rest on the sofa. and naps have to be a good thing for preschools, surely, since they need to take a rest and get enough sle

49、ep for their brains to develop. short naps have also been shown to be good for adults-improving alertness and reaction times.so it feels counterintuitive for a review of 26 studies to conclude that napping in children overtwo years of age may not be a good idea at all. the review says that after two

50、 years of age,.napping is associated with going to sleep late at night, poorer quality sleep and waking earlier. soshould we discourage naps in preschool chikdren -even if they really seem to need one? although the review talks about the effects of napping on two-year-olds, most of the evidencein re

51、view actually comes from studies on three-year-olds. also ,the authors of the view article areclear that the research on children s naps is of poor quality;some studies rely on parentsremembering how much their children slept, or are for very short periods.a study published in the journalofattention

52、 disorders infebruary suffers fromsomemethodological shortcomings (for instance small numbers -only 28 children between the ages ofthree and four, and only for five days), but is at least a randomized(任意的 ) controlled trial, usingactigraphs(活動記錄儀 ) worn on the wrist to objectivelymeasure sleep. it f

53、ound that childrenwho missed their naps slept better at night and scored higher in studies of memory and attention.dr mark mahone, one of the authors, says that sleep at nigth may be of a better quality thanduring daytime napping. having a sound sleep at night, he says ,provides a greater proportion of the slow-wave, restorative sleep that promotes brain development and reinforces what has beenlearned the day before. the study also found that the children who went without naps did not sleep more at weekends.i could never get my children to nap, but for parents who can, there