1、Unit 4 Holidays and Festivals,Dictation,英國(全稱) 國定假日 在(某一天) 去海邊游玩 把家裝飾的十分鮮艷 彩色的燈飾 在圣誕節(jié)的早上 去教堂(做禮拜),慶祝耶穌的誕生 向全國民眾致傳統(tǒng)的圣誕賀詞 坐下來從事 圓滿完成 和相關(guān) 公眾假日 這是做的時(shí)間 有幾個(gè)星期的假,Vocabulary,1. vary v. 變化 因人而異 vary from person to person adj. various 各種各樣的玩具 various toys n. variety 各種各樣的玩具 a (large / wide) variety of toys 2.

2、 major adj. 主要的 minor adj. 次要的 主干道 major roads major n. 主修的科目 v. 主修 major in 她的主修科目是法語。 1) Her major is French. 2) She majors in French.,majority n. 大多數(shù) 大部分學(xué)生 the majority of students most of the students minority n. 少數(shù)/少數(shù)民族 3. decoration n. 裝飾 v. decorate 用水果裝飾這個(gè)蛋糕 decorate the cake with fruit 4. d

3、isappointed adj. 失望的 對(duì)失望 be disappointed with sb./ sth. v. disappoint 他所做的令他的父母很失望。 1) His parents are disappointed with what he has done. 2) What he has done disappoints his parents. n. disappointment 令人失望的是 to ones disappointment,5. observe v. 慶祝, 遵守, 觀察 1) 過復(fù)活節(jié) observe Easter 2) 遵守校規(guī) observe scho

4、ol rules 3) 觀察鳥類的活動(dòng) observe the behaviours of birds 6. celebrate v. 慶祝 他們決定辦個(gè)晚會(huì)來慶祝他們的結(jié)婚紀(jì)念日。 They have decided to hold a party to celebrate their wedding anniversary. n. celebration 為了慶祝 in celebration of 7. deliver v. 發(fā)表（講話），送貨 發(fā)言，講話 deliver a speech / message 把投遞到 deliverto 送貨上門 deliver goods to on

5、es door/house 你訂的貨明天送到。 Your order will be delivered tomorrow.,8. connect v. 連接 把A與B相連接 connect A to/with B 和有關(guān)聯(lián) be connected with be related to 這些照片表明他和這起搶劫案有關(guān)。 These photos indicated that he was connected with this robbery. 這臺(tái)打印機(jī)和一臺(tái)舊電腦相連接。 This printer is connected to an old computer.,Translation,

6、1. 母親節(jié)是每年五月的第二個(gè)星期天。 （fall） fall in (月份/年) fall on (具體某一天) Mothers Day falls on the second Sunday of May every/ each year. 2. 我希望你在收到禮物之后不會(huì)失望。 （hope） I hope that you will not be disappointed after receiving the gift. 3. 圣誕節(jié)傳統(tǒng)上用火雞或大鵝來慶賀。 （celebrate） celebrate with Traditionally, Christmas Day is celeb

7、rated with turkey or big geese.,4. 中國的學(xué)生每年放兩個(gè)月的暑假。 （haveoff） Students in China have two months off for their summer holidays/ vacation. 5. 晚飯后，他總是坐下來看報(bào)。 （sit down to） sit down to doing sth. After supper, he always sits down to (reading) newspapers. 6. 感恩節(jié)每年是不固定的。 （vary） The date of Thanksgiving Day

8、varies every/ each year.,7. 如今人們喜歡在房間里布置幾幅畫。（decoratewith） like to do sth. like doing sth. Nowadays people like to decorate/ decorating their rooms with a few paintings. 8. 許多美食是和中國的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日聯(lián)系在一起的。（be connected with） 許多美食 food (不可數(shù)) much/a lot of/ a great amount of/ a great deal of A lot of nice food is

9、 connected with Chinese traditional festivals.,9. 如今越來越多的中國人像西方人那樣過圣誕節(jié)。 （observe） East/south/west/north Eastern/southern/western/northern Easterner/southerner/ westerner/northerner Nowadays, more and more Chinese observe Christmas like the westerners. 10. 這家書店的雜志價(jià)格從5元到25元不等。 （vary from） 從到變化/排列不等 va

10、ry fromto The prices of the magazines in this bookstore vary from 5 yuan to 25 yuan. The magazines in this bookstore vary in price from 5 yuan to 25 yuan.,11. 明天學(xué)校放假一天，Jack決定和同學(xué)們?nèi)チ锉?（haveoff） go skating The school will have a day off tomorrow, so Jack has decided to go skating with his classmates.

11、12. 開學(xué)典禮上，校長(zhǎng)對(duì)師生們做了非常有意義的演說。 （deliver） at the opening ceremony deliver a meaningful speech to sb. At the opening ceremony, the headmaster delivered a meaningful speech to the teachers and students.,Additional Reading,以陽歷來計(jì)算 慶祝新年的到來 古老的陰歷 每個(gè)國家都不同 幾百年來 想要聚會(huì) 萬象更新 嶄新的開始 帶來更好的運(yùn)氣 更多機(jī)會(huì)和挑戰(zhàn) 普遍的主題 不同尋常的新年傳統(tǒng) 在午

12、夜 標(biāo)志舊事物的離去 驅(qū)走厄運(yùn) 把視為機(jī)會(huì) 放煙花,measure sth. with the solar calendar,observe the coming of New Year,the ancient lunar calendar,vary from country to country,for centuries,feel like having a party,as nature renewed itself,have a new start,bring better fortune,more opportunities and new challenges,universal

13、themes,unusual New Year traditions,at midnight,symbolize the departure of the old,keep away misfortunes,viewas an opportunity to,let off fireworks,Dictation,時(shí)刻，時(shí)節(jié) 令人失望的人（或物） 運(yùn)氣；命運(yùn) 不幸，厄運(yùn) 挑戰(zhàn)，考驗(yàn) 主題 觀眾 龐大的 重要的事情 使遠(yuǎn)離,各種各樣的玩具（adj.） 各種各樣的玩具（n.） 她的主修科目是法語。（v.） 大部分學(xué)生 用水果裝飾這個(gè)蛋糕 過復(fù)活節(jié) 為了慶祝 發(fā)言，講話 和有關(guān)聯(lián) 對(duì)失望的是,Geru

14、nd（動(dòng)名詞）,A gerund is a kind of verbal noun. It behaves as a verb within a clause (so that, for example, it may be modified（修飾） by an adverb（副詞） or have an object（賓語）), but the clause as a whole (sometimes consisting only of one word, the gerund) acts as a noun within the larger sentence. For example

15、Editing this article is easy. Within the clause Editing this article, the word Editing behaves as a verb; in particular the phrase this article is the object of that verb. But the whole clause Editing this article acts as a noun within the sentence as a whole; it is the subject of the verb is.,Basic

16、 Forms of Gerund,doing,being done,having done,having been done,非謂語作主語,1. 不定式to do 和 動(dòng)名詞doing 可作主語； 2. 動(dòng)名詞作主語常表抽象的或泛指的動(dòng)作或反復(fù)性，習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作； 不定式作主語常表具體的動(dòng)作或行為 Practice: 1. _ (learn) a language requires time and effort. 2. I dont like _ (run) on Sundays, but I like _ (run) in the park this Sunday.,Learning,run

17、ning,to run,3. 動(dòng)名詞作主語，謂語用單數(shù) Practice: 吃健康食物對(duì)我們的身體有益. Having health food is good for/does good to our physical health. 4. It 作形式主語，常代替to do; 但動(dòng)名詞作主語，用it代替用于以下結(jié)構(gòu) 做某事沒有用處 Its no use doing sth. 做某事沒有好處 Its no good doing sth. 做某事是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間 Its a waste of time doing sth. Practice: 光說不做沒有用處。 Its no good talking

18、 a lot without doing anything.,只能接doing作賓語的動(dòng)詞,承認(rèn)做某事 感激/欣賞做某事 避免做某事 耽誤做某事 否認(rèn)做某事 喜歡做某事 逃脫做某事 想要做某事 寬恕做某事 想象做某事 包括做某事 介意做某事 推遲做某事 練習(xí)做某事 抵抗做某事 冒險(xiǎn)做某事 忍受做某事,admit doing sth.,appreciate doing sth.,avoid doing sth.,delay doing sth.,deny doing sth.,enjoy doing sth.,escape doing sth.,feel like doing sth.,forg

19、ive doing sth.,imagine doing sth.,mind doing sth.,practise doing sth.,resist doing sth.,risk doing sth.,stand/bear doing sth.,involve doing sth.,postpone doing sth.,注3：接to do與接doing意義不同的動(dòng)詞： 忘記去做某事 忘記做過某事 記得去做某事 記得做過某事 抱歉去做某事 后悔做過某事 繼續(xù)做同一件事 繼續(xù)做另一件事 停止做同一件事 停下來做另一件事,forget to do sth.,forget doing sth.

20、,remember to do sth.,remember doing sth.,regret to do sth.,regret doing sth.,go on doing sth.,go on to do sth.,stop doing sth.,stop to do sth.,被用來做某事 習(xí)慣于做某事 禁不住做某事 無法幫忙做某事 認(rèn)為（某人/某物）是 考慮做某事 打算做某事 意味著做某事 努力做某事 試著做某事,be used to do sth.,be used to doing sth.,cant help doing sth.,cant help (to) do sth.,m

21、ean to do sth.,mean doing sth.,try to do sth.,try doing sth.,consider sb./sth. to be,consider doing sth.,注意： 1. 確定用ing, 或to do 后, 考慮是否被動(dòng) Practice: I dont mind _ to the party. A. not being invited B. to be not invited C. not inviting D. not to be invited 2. 在動(dòng)詞need, require, want, deserve, be worth (

22、形容詞), 表“需要”時(shí)， 動(dòng)名詞主動(dòng)形式/ 不定式被動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)。 Practice: 這扇門需要修理。 The door needs repairing. = The door needs to be repaired. This point is worth mentioning. = This point is worthy to be done/of being done.,4. 介詞后一般跟ing作賓語；to 為介詞，跟doing作賓語的結(jié)構(gòu),增加 等于 應(yīng)用 習(xí)慣于 獻(xiàn)身于 供認(rèn) 著手于做 導(dǎo)致 盼望著做 反對(duì) 注意 堅(jiān)持,add to doing sth.,amount to

23、doing sth.,apply sth. to doing sth.,be accustomed/ used to doing sth.,devote oneself to doing sth.,confess to doing sth.,get down to doing sth.,lead to doing sth.,object/be objected to doing sth.,pay attention to doing sth.,stick to doing sth.,look forward to doing sth.,I am looking forward to _(rec

24、eive) your letter. The teacher tells us _(recite) the text. Every minute should be made use of _(study) hard. We should make use of every minute to _.,Revision 非謂語作賓語,afford appreciate avoid attempt delay deny choose claim fail escape feel like forgive guarantee happen imagine,mind practise quit res

25、ist risk hesitate intend offer pretend suggest promise refuse strive swear tend stand,Guards,Pets,Killers,Trackers/ Detectives,Friends keep from Eg: 大雨讓我沒法去開會(huì)。 The heavy rain prevented me from going to the meeting. Eg： 什么都無法阻擋她出國。 Nothing can prevent her from going abroad.,Translation of Unit 5,1. 越

26、來越多的人以養(yǎng)狗為伴，來消磨時(shí)間。 養(yǎng)狗 raise dogs 消磨時(shí)間 kill time In order to kill time, more and more people raise dogs to keep them company. 2. 感染了艾滋病的人通常受到他人的歧視。 ( infect) be infected with look down upon sb. Those who are infected with AIDS are usually looked down upon by others. 3. 從某種角度說，失敗不是一件讓人沮喪的事。 failure a d

27、isappointing thing In a way, failure is not a disappointing/ depressing/ frustrating thing.,4. 我等了很久，但是他還沒出現(xiàn)。(turn up) I have waited for a long time, but he hasnt turned up yet. 5. 她經(jīng)常讀英文書，看英文電影，培養(yǎng)了很好的語感。( sense) 培養(yǎng)語感 develop a strong sense of language She often reads English books and watches Engli

28、sh movies, so she has developed a strong sense of language. 6. 這個(gè)故事在家族里代代相傳。(pass on) 代代相傳 be passed on from generation to generation The story has been passed on from generation to generation in the family.,always 總是，永遠(yuǎn)。語氣最強(qiáng)，指在一切時(shí)候，沒有例外。often 經(jīng)常，語氣弱于always,側(cè)重動(dòng)作發(fā)生的次數(shù)具有經(jīng)常性，具體時(shí)間意味不強(qiáng)。usually 通常，通例地，指習(xí)慣

29、性動(dòng)作，頻度僅次于always，較often大，偶爾有間隔。frequently 時(shí)常，經(jīng)常，與often同義，可通用，但較正式，強(qiáng)調(diào)次數(shù)頻繁。regularly 用于修飾經(jīng)常而有規(guī)律性的動(dòng)作。,7. 我決定找份工作，不再依靠父母。(rely on) I decided to find a job and (decide) not to rely on my parents any longer. 8. 市政府做了很多事情防止河流遭污染。(prevent) 防止污染 preventfrom being polluted The government has done much to preve

30、nt the river from being polluted. 9. 這兩兄弟太像了，我很難把他兩區(qū)分開來。 (tellapart) 長(zhǎng)得像 look the same be alike/ look alike The two brothers are so much alike that it is hard for me to tell them apart.,10. 這種職業(yè)除了需要技術(shù)外，還要有高度的責(zé)任感。 （in addition to） 高度的責(zé)任感 a strong sense of duty/responsibility This occupation needs a s

31、trong sense of duty in addition to skills. 11. 他漸漸認(rèn)識(shí)到，整日幻想是沒有用的。 come to realize that it is no use doing He came to realize that it was no use dreaming all day long. He came to realize that it was useless to daydream all day long. 12. 有些狗經(jīng)過訓(xùn)練，可以充當(dāng)盲人的幫手。 Some dogs can work as the helpers of the blind

32、 after they have been trained/ after having been trained .,定語從句The Attributive Clause,1. You have a dog. You love it as a pet. You have a dog ( that/which) you love as a pet. 2. We should try our best to guard against the horrible disease. The disease can be carried by these friends. We should try o

33、ur best to guard against the horrible disease that can be carried by these friends. 3. Dont force a conversation on someone. Someone wants to be left alone. Dont force a conversation on someone who wants to be left alone 4. I have a little poodle. Its name is Smiley. I have a little poodle whose nam

34、e is Smiley.,一、定義,1.定語從句(the relative clause)： 修飾某一名詞(n.)或代詞(pron.)的從句叫定語從句。 定語從句一般緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞(Antecedent)之后。,2.先行詞(Antecedent)：被定語從句修飾的詞叫先行詞。,3.關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞，也叫引導(dǎo)詞。,關(guān)系詞/引導(dǎo)詞通常有下列三個(gè)作用： A.引導(dǎo)定語從句； B.代替先行詞； C.在定語從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個(gè)成分。,The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.,二、關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句,1.wh

35、o 指人，在定語從句中作主語。,（1）The boys who are playing football are from Class One.,（2）Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning.,（3）Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way.,（4）That is the teacher who teaches us physics.,正在踢足球的那些男孩來自1班。,想要去博物館的人明天早上七點(diǎn)必須在學(xué)校大門

36、口。,昨天我?guī)椭艘晃幻月返睦先恕?這是教我們物理的老師。,2. whom 指人，在定語從句中做賓語，?？墒÷浴?Mr. Liu is the person ( whom ) you talked about on the bus.,Li Ming is just the boy ( whom ) I want to see.,The professor ( whom ) you are waiting for has come.,The girl ( whom ) the teacher often praises is our monitor.,注意：關(guān)系代詞 whom 在口語或非正式文體

37、中?？捎?who 來代替，也可省略。,The man ( whom / who ) you met just now is my old friend.,你在等候的那位教授已經(jīng)來了。,老師經(jīng)常表揚(yáng)的那個(gè)女生是我們班長(zhǎng)。,你剛才見到的那個(gè)人是我的老朋友。,3. which 指物，在定語從句中做主語或賓語，做賓語時(shí)?？墒÷?。,Football is a game which is liked by most boys.,The factory which makes computers is far away from here.,He likes to read books which are

38、written by foreign writers.,The house which is by the lake looks nice.,This is the pen ( which ) he bought yesterday.,The film ( which ) they went to see last night was not interesting at all.,4that 指人時(shí)，相當(dāng)于 who 或 whom；指物時(shí)，相當(dāng)于which。在定語從句中作主語或賓語，作賓語時(shí)?？墒÷浴?Where is the man that / whom I saw this mornin

39、g?,The person that /whom you introduced to me is very kind.,The season that / which comes after spring is summer.,The number of people that / who come to visit this city each year reaches one million.,Yesterday I received a letter that / which came from Australia.,5. whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定語從句中做定語。,I vis

40、ited a scientist whose name is known all over the country.,He has a friend whose father is a doctor.,I once lived in the room whose window faces south.,注意：指物時(shí)，常用下列結(jié)構(gòu)來代替：,The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.,= The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired. = The

41、 classroom of which the door is broken will soon be repaired.,三、限制性定語從句中只能用that 引導(dǎo)定語從句的情況,1.當(dāng)先行詞是everything, anything, something, nothing , all, none, few, little, some等不定代詞， 或當(dāng)先行詞被every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等不定代詞修飾時(shí)。,1) Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li said?,2) There seem

42、s to be nothing that is impossible to him in the world.,3) All that can be done has been done. =What can be done has been done.,Any man that / who has a sense of duty wont do such a thing.,注意：當(dāng)先行詞指人時(shí)，偶爾也可用關(guān)系代詞who,All the guests that / who were invited to her wedding were important people.,4) There i

43、s little that I can do for you.,5) He stayed in the library and looked up any information （that） they needed.,2.當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)。,The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.,3.當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。,This is the best film that I have ever seen.,4.當(dāng)先行詞被 the very, the only 修飾時(shí)。,1) This is the very

44、 dictionary that I want to buy.,2) After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owns.,注意：當(dāng)先行詞指人時(shí)，通常也可用關(guān)系代詞 who。,Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting.,5.當(dāng)先行詞前面已有who, which 等疑問代詞時(shí)。,1) Who is the man that is standing by the gate?,2) Which is the T-

45、shirt that fits me most?,6.當(dāng)先行詞為人與動(dòng)物或人與物時(shí)。,1) They talked about the persons and things that they remembered at school,2) Look at the man and his donkey that are walking up the street.,7. 定語從句中缺表語時(shí)： 1）China is not the country that it used to be. 2）Hes no longer the single-minded boy that he was 10 ye

46、ars ago.,四、“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句,關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作介詞賓語時(shí)，從句常常由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引出。,The school (which / that) he once studied in is very famous.,This is the boy (whom / who / that) I played tennis with yesterday.,This is the boy with whom I played tennis yesterday.,Well go to hear the famous singer (whom / who / that) w

47、e have often talked about. Well go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.,The manager whose company I work in pays much attention to improving our working conditions. The manager in whose company I work pays much attention to improving our working conditions.,注意： 1.含有介詞的短語動(dòng)詞一般不拆開

48、，介詞仍放在短語動(dòng)詞的后面。如：look for, look after, take care of 等。,This is the watch (which / that) I am looking for. This is the watch for which I am looking . (),.若介詞放在關(guān)系代詞前， 關(guān)系代詞指人時(shí)只可用whom，不可用who, that； 關(guān)系代詞指物時(shí)只可用which，不可用that。 關(guān)系代詞是所有格時(shí)用whose。,The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbour. The plane

49、in which we flew to Canada was really comfortable.,.“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”前還可有some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each , few等代詞或者數(shù)詞。,He loves his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.,In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.,There are forty students in our

50、 class in all, most of whom are from big cities.,Up to now, he has written ten stories, three of which are about country life.,五、關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句,1.when 指時(shí)間，在定語從句中作時(shí)間狀語。,I still remember the day when I first came to this school.,The time when we got together finally arrived.,October 1, 1949 was the day w

51、hen the Peoples Republic of China was founded.,Do you remember the years when he lived in the countryside with his grandparents.,2. where 指地點(diǎn)，在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。,Shanghai is the city where I was born.,I visited the farm where a lot of cows were raised .,The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled

52、 down.,Is this the place where they fought the enemy?,3.why 指原因，在定語從句中作原因狀語。,Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.,The reason why he was punished is unknown to us.,I dont know the reason why he looks unhappy today.,注意：關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句經(jīng)?？梢杂谩敖樵~+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句來表示。,From the years when / in which

53、he was going to primary school in the country he had known what he wanted to be when he grew up.,Combine the following pairs of sentences into the relative clause with proper relative words. The pen is lost. She wrote the letter with the pen. He is the only one of the students. He has passed the exa

54、m. I study in this school. My father works in this school. I remember the days. We spent the days on the farm together. I remember the days. We worked hard to be admitted to a university on those days.,75. The way (that/ in which) the parents treat their children has a great impact on them. 76. The

55、first time I wrote an English composition, I made a lot of spelling mistakes. 77. Sometimes the pressure of life robs us of too much freedom of the inner world. 78. Take a train to Tibet, or you will miss the magnificent structures along the way. 79. In the old society, people from poor families had

56、 little access to education.,Translation of Exercise Paper 3,六、限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句,A.限制性定語從句 意義上是先行詞不可缺少的定語，如刪除，主句則失去意義或意思表達(dá)不完整。,B.非限制性定語從句 1.表示“補(bǔ)充說明”, 2.用“，”與主句隔開, 3.關(guān)系詞不用that和why, 4.關(guān)系詞不能省略, 5.當(dāng)先行詞是專有名詞諸如國名，人名，丈夫，妻子，父母親等，則必須用非限制性定語從句。 6.指代整個(gè)句子必須是非限制性定語從句。,The teacher told me that Tom was the only per

57、son that I could depend on.,China is a country which has a long history.,In the street I saw a man who was from Africa.,限制性定語從句舉例：,非限制性定語從句舉例 ：,His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him.,China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful.,Last summer I visited the Peo

58、ples Great Hall, in which many important meetings are held every year.,注意區(qū)分下列句子的不同含義：,Her brother who is now a soldier always encourages her to go to college.,她那當(dāng)兵的哥哥總是鼓勵(lì)她上大學(xué).（意含：她還有其他哥哥。）,Her brother, who is now a soldier, always encourages her to go to college.,她哥哥是當(dāng)兵的，他總是鼓勵(lì)她上大學(xué)。 （意含： 她只有一個(gè)哥哥。）,七、

59、 以the way為先行詞的限制性定語從句通常由in which或that引導(dǎo)，而且通?？梢允÷?。,The way (that / in which ) he answered the questions was surprising. I dont like the way (that / in which) you laugh at her.,八、關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞的選擇,用關(guān)系代詞還是關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)定語從句主要看關(guān)系詞在定語從句中的作用（即所擔(dān)當(dāng)?shù)某煞郑?,A. I know a place where we can have a picnic.,I know a place which / that is famous for its beautiful natural scenery.,Compare :,B. I will never forget the days when we spent o