1、高考語法串講 之 時態(tài)語態(tài),李老師,考點解讀,動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)是高考必考點 時態(tài)主要涉及10種，即：一般現(xiàn)在時、一般過去時、一般將來時、過去將來時、現(xiàn)在進行時、過去進行時、現(xiàn)在完成時、過去完成時、將來完成時、現(xiàn)在完成進行時； 語態(tài)考查不同時態(tài)下的被動語態(tài)。,時態(tài) 之 （1）一般現(xiàn)在時,（一）基本用法 1.表示現(xiàn)在的習慣性、經(jīng)常性發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。 常與every+一段時間,usually, always, sometimes, often, every day, frequently,on Mondays, once a month等時間狀語連用。 eg: He gets up earl

2、y and goes to bed early every day. 2.表示客觀事實、真理、格言或者警句等。 eg:The teacher told his students that metal expands when heated.,時態(tài) 之 （1）一般現(xiàn)在時,（二）重點點撥 1.表示按照時間表、計劃安排好的或規(guī)定的行為。 限于go, come, leave, start, stop, arrive等表示動作趨向性或位移性的動詞。 eg: The plane takes off at 5:00 a.m. 2.“主將從現(xiàn)”中的使用。 Even if it rains tomorrow,

3、the sports meeting will take place. However much advice you give him, he will do exactly what he wants. Tips:1.做題過程中要先看時間狀語，結(jié)合前后語境，并要注意復合句或并列句的時態(tài)。 2.一般現(xiàn)在時要注意“主謂一致”。,時態(tài) 之 （1）一般現(xiàn)在時,（三）例題解析 2018年全國卷I 語法填空 While running regularly cant make you live forever, the review says it 64 (be) more effective at l

4、engthening life 65 (than) walking, cycling or swimming. 答案：is 考查時態(tài)和主謂一致,時態(tài) 之 （1）一般現(xiàn)在時,2016年全國卷I 改錯（改時態(tài)問題即可） My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live.Though not very big ,but the restaurant is popular in our area.It is always crowded with customers at meal times .Some people even ha

5、d to wait outside. My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest. Every day he makes sure . 答案：had 改為 have 考查時態(tài),高考語法串講 之 時態(tài)語態(tài),李老師,時態(tài) 之 （2）一般過去時,（一）基本用法 1.過去某個時間里發(fā)生的動作、狀態(tài)。 常與yesterday, in 2017,last month, the day before yesterday,一段時間+ago ,the other day 等表示過去的時間狀語連用。 eg: She wasnt in at tha

6、t time. 2.過去經(jīng)常、反復性發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)。 常與由when等連詞引導的狀語從句連用；used to do sth.表示“過去常常做某事”，而現(xiàn)在不做了。 eg: When I was in the factory, I often worked in the workshop.,時態(tài) 之 （2）一般過去時,（二）重點點撥 1.表達“原以為/本來認為/原希望”等意義時, know, think, expect等動詞常用一般過去時。 eg: He didnt expect to meet you. 2.“主將從現(xiàn)”前推一個時態(tài)中的用法。 eg:He said he would not

7、go if it rained. 3.常用固定句型。 It has been 3 years since he joined the army. I was going along the street looking for a place to park when the accident occurred. eg: The accident occurred while I was going along the street looking for a place to park. I had hardly finished my work when he came to see me

8、. I had no sooner got into the room than it began to snow.,時態(tài) 之 （2）一般過去時,（三）例題解析 2015年全國卷I 語法填空 It was raining lightly when I_61_(arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn. 答案：arrived 2018年全國卷I 改錯 During my last winter holiday, I went to the countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. I find a b

9、ig change there. 答案：find 改為 found,高考語法串講 之 時態(tài)語態(tài),李老師,時態(tài) 之 （3）一般將來時,（一）基本用法 1.表示將來某一時刻的動作或狀態(tài)（未發(fā)生的動作、狀態(tài)）, 即單純的將來事實。 謂語動詞：will+動詞原形 eg: I think itwillbe rainy tomorrow. 2.表示計劃、打算要做某事或者有預兆要發(fā)生某事。 謂語動詞：am/is/are going to+動詞原形 eg: Look at the clouds, there is going to be a storm.,時態(tài) 之 （3）一般將來時,對比以下兩個對話： -Ka

10、te is in hospital. -Oh, really, I didnt know. Iwillgo and see her at once. -Kate is in hospital. -Yes, I know. Iam goingtosee her this afternoon. 一般將來時 常與in+一段時間，next time,tomorrow, before long,later(on),in the future,this afternoon,next year, the day after tomorrow等時間狀語連用。,時態(tài) 之 （3）一般將來時,（二）重點點撥 1.

11、表示即將要發(fā)生某事（即刻的將來）。 謂語動詞：am/is/are about to+動詞原形 （通常不與具體時間狀語連用，但可與when引導的時間狀語從句連用） eg: The train is about to start. 2.表示按計劃或安排即將要做某事, 或者按照職責、義務(wù)、規(guī)定等要做某事。 謂語動詞：am/is/are to+動詞原形 eg:We are to obey these rules when we go into the library.,時態(tài) 之 （3）一般將來時,3.“一般現(xiàn)在表將來”與“現(xiàn)在進行表將來”。 eg: Ladies and gentlemen,pleas

12、e fasten your safety belt. The plane is taking off. Look at the timetable. Flight 4026 takes off at 18：20. 注意：謂語動詞常為表示動作趨向性的短暫性動詞come, go, leave, start, open, arrive, begin, return，take off等。 4.“祈使句+ and/or +句子”，這種結(jié)構(gòu)中and后面的句子謂語用一般將來時。 eg: Use your head and you will find a way. 5.“主將從現(xiàn)”中的使用。,時態(tài) 之 （3）

13、一般將來時,（三）例題解析 Close the door of fear behind you, and you_(see) the door of faith open before you. 答案：will see 2013北京高考 Do you think Mom and Dad _(be)late? No, Swiss Air is usually on time. 答案：will be,高考語法串講 之 時態(tài)語態(tài),李老師,時態(tài) 之 （4）現(xiàn)在完成時,（一）基本用法 1.表示過去發(fā)生的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果, 常用的時間狀語: already, never, just, bef

14、ore, yet等。 eg: I have already seen the film. 2.表示過去發(fā)生而持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，常用的時間狀語: “for+時間段”,“since+時間點”,so far,in the last/past few days/years,since then,up to now等。 eg: I have learnt English for five years. I have been here since last year/one year ago.,時態(tài) 之 （4）現(xiàn)在完成時,（二）重點點撥 1.固定句型用法： It is/has been+時間段+

15、since. . . 表示“自從以來已經(jīng)”。 eg: It is/has been ten years since I graduated from the university. This/It/That is the first/second/third. . . time that. . . 表示“這/那是(某人)第幾次做某事”,that從句中要用現(xiàn)在完成時。 eg: It is the first time that I have visited the city. “形容詞最高級+名詞”后的定語從句中要用現(xiàn)在完成時。 eg:This is the best film that Ive

16、 (ever) seen. 2.“主將從現(xiàn)”中的使用。 eg: Please return the book to me when you have finished it.,時態(tài) 之 （4）現(xiàn)在完成時,（二）重點點撥 3.比較記憶“一段時間+ago”與“一段時間+before” “一段時間+ago”常用于一般過去時態(tài)，而“一段時間+before”（泛指從過去起的若干時間以前）常用于完成時態(tài)。 2014年全國I卷 改錯 Nearly five years before, and with the help by our father, my sister and I planted some

17、ago of cherry tomatoes（圣女果）in our back garden. 2015年全國I卷 語篇填空 A few hours_62_, Id been at home in Hong Kong, with 63 its (it) choking smog. 答案：before,時態(tài) 之 （4）現(xiàn)在完成時,（二）重點點撥 4.現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的區(qū)別 一般過去時：強調(diào)動作發(fā)生在過去某一時間，不強調(diào)對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果； 與表示過去某一特定時間或與現(xiàn)在無關(guān)的某一過去時間連用 現(xiàn)在完成時：表示過去動作與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)系, 主要強調(diào)對現(xiàn)在造成的影響和結(jié)果； 可與today, th

18、is week, since等表示包括現(xiàn)在一段時間的狀語連用， 但不能和表示過去時間的狀語連用 eg： Theyve gone to Beijing so far. They went to Beijing last year.,時態(tài) 之 （4）現(xiàn)在完成時,（二）重點點撥 5.現(xiàn)在完成時與過去完成時的區(qū)別 過去完成時-動作為過去的過去；可按時間截止點去區(qū)分兩者。 過去1（動作發(fā)生）過去 現(xiàn)在 eg：Up to now, I have learnt 3,500 words. By the end of last term, I had learnt 3,500 words.,高考語法串講 之 時

19、態(tài)語態(tài),李老師,時態(tài) 之 （4）現(xiàn)在完成時,（三）例題解析 2018年全國II卷 Diets have changed in China-and so too has its top crop.Since 2011, the country 61 (grow) more corn than rice. 答案：has grown 2016 年浙江高考 9. Silk _ (become) one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 BC. 答案：had become,時態(tài) 之 （4）現(xiàn)在完成時,2015年北京卷

20、 26.In the last few years, China_ great achievements in environmental protection. A.has made B.had made C.was making D.is making 答案：A 2014 年江蘇高考 How much do you know about the Youth Olympic Games to be held in Nanjing? Well, the media(cover) it in a variety of forms. 答案：have covered,高考語法串講 之 時態(tài)語態(tài),李老

21、師,語態(tài) 之 被動語態(tài),（一）被動語態(tài)使用及謂語動詞 1.使用被動語態(tài)，謂語動詞為及物動詞。 2.謂語動詞由主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)，可以用錯位相加法。 am/is/are doing have/has done am/is/are being done have/has been done be done be done 3.在“主謂雙賓”結(jié)構(gòu)句中，用直接賓語作被動語態(tài)的主語時，通常要在間接賓語前加上適當?shù)慕樵~(如to, for)，以加強間接賓語的語氣。 The host had caught us some fish. Some fish had been caught for us by t

22、he host. 4.在“主謂賓賓補”結(jié)構(gòu)句中，主動中跟不帶to的不定式作賓補的詞，在變?yōu)楸粍訒r，不定式應(yīng)加上to。 We heard him say good-bye to his friends. He was heard to say good-bye to his friends.,語態(tài) 之 被動語態(tài),（二）謂語動詞的主動形式表示被動含義 1.某些表示狀態(tài)特征的系動詞，如：sound,seem,smell,taste,look,feel等。 eg：The music sounds wonderful. 2.某些表主語內(nèi)在品質(zhì)或性能的動詞，常與not, hardly, well, eas

23、ily, badly, nicely等副詞連用，如：lock, sell, wash, read, write, open, wear, keep等。 eg：This kind of cloth washes easily. 3. 表示開始、結(jié)束、運動的動詞，如begin, finish, close, open, start, stop, shut, run, move等。 eg：The shop opens at 8 a.m. every day.,語態(tài) 之 被動語態(tài),另：注意某些非謂語動詞的主動形式表示被動含義 1.在need, want, require等動詞表需要含義，以及worth

24、等形容詞的后面, 動名詞主動形式表示被動意義, 其含義相當于動詞不定式的被動形式。 eg：This book is well worth reading. The baby needs looking after. 2.be to blame/let主動形式表被動意義。 eg：The houses are to let. The boy was to blame for what he had done. 3. “主語(人/物)+be+形容詞+不定式”中不定式的主動形式表達被動意義，這些形容詞有nice, easy, fit, hard, difficult, important, impos

25、sible, pleasant, interesting等。 eg：This kind of food isnt fit to eat. The girl isnt easy to get along with.,語態(tài) 之 被動語態(tài),（三）例題解析 2018年天津卷 13.My washing machine this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand. A.was repaired B.is repaired C.is being repaired D.has been repaired 答案：C 2017 年浙江11月卷 This isn

26、t as hard as it(sound), and it is far better than any other method. 答案：sounds,高考語法串講 之 時態(tài)語態(tài),李老師,時態(tài)語態(tài) 之 時態(tài)呼應(yīng)及情態(tài)動詞主被動,（一）時態(tài)呼應(yīng) 1.主將從現(xiàn)（適用于時間、條件、讓步等狀語從句中） 主句表將來，從句用現(xiàn)在時 一般將來 一般現(xiàn)在 祈使句 現(xiàn)在進行 情動+動原 現(xiàn)在完成 Whatever you say, I will not change my mind. eg: If she is still waiting, tell her to go home. I will go wi

27、th you as soon as I have finished my work.,時態(tài)語態(tài) 之 時態(tài)呼應(yīng)及情態(tài)動詞主被動,（一）時態(tài)呼應(yīng) 2.主過從過（適用于賓語從句） 過去的某種時態(tài)，例外-表達永恒真理用一般現(xiàn)在時 He thought he was working for the people. eg: I hoped I would find a job soon. The teacher said the sun rises in the east. 例題解析： 2018年江蘇卷 30.I was sent to the village last month to see how

28、the development plan in the past two years. A.had been carried out B.would be carried out C.is being carried out D.has been carried out 答案：A,時態(tài)語態(tài) 之 時態(tài)呼應(yīng)及情態(tài)動詞主被動,（二）情態(tài)動詞的主被動語態(tài) 情態(tài)動詞在主動語態(tài)中后面應(yīng)加動詞主動時態(tài)的原形，被動語態(tài)中應(yīng)加上be+v(p.p)。 eg: We must find ways to protect our environment. The machine must be operated with care. 例題解析： 2018年天津卷 10.I cant find my purse.I it in the supermarket yesterday,but Im not sure. A.should leave B.must have leave C.might leave D.could have left 答案：D 此處敘述過去發(fā)生的動作，下