1、Grammar,The Restrictive and Non-Restrictive Attributive Clause,The old man has a son, who is in the army . The old man has a son who is in the army.,非限制性 定語從句,限制性 定語從句,這位老人有一個兒子，在部隊工作。（隱含的意義：只有一個兒子）,這位老人有個在部隊工作的兒子。(隱含的意義：也許老人還有其他的兒子，在干別的工作),Jim doesnt like to ask questions which make his teacher ang

2、ry. Jim doesnt like to ask questions, which makes his teacher angry.,限制性定語從句,吉姆不喜歡問使老師生氣的問題。（which修飾questions）,非限制性定語從句,吉姆不喜歡問問題，這讓老師很生氣。（which修飾前面的整個句子）,She has two brothers who are working in the city. 她有兩個在這個城市工作的弟弟。 (She has more than two brothers.) b) She has two brothers, who are working in th

3、e city. 她有兩個弟弟, 他們在這個城市工作。 (She has only two brothers.),品味一“翻”,下面兩個句子只有一個逗號之差, 意義大相徑庭。 He will wear no clothes which will make him different from others. 他不會穿一些使他顯得與眾不同的衣服。 b) He will wear no clothes, which will make him different from others. 他不穿衣服, 這會使他顯得與眾不同。,非限制性定語從句,構(gòu)成：,+,+,先行詞,She has two brot

4、hers, (who are working in the city).,+,其他部分,Conclusion,1.限制性定語從句與先行詞關(guān)系 （A:密切;B:松散），是先行詞 (A:可缺少;B:不可缺少)的部分, 去掉它，主句意思 (A:不明確;B: 明確.)翻譯時,從句先譯,“的” 2.非限制性定語從句是對先行詞的補充說明,去掉 （A:會影響;B:不會影響）主句的意思。翻譯時，主句先譯，從句單獨成句,A,B,A,B,非限制性定語從句中關(guān)系詞的指代關(guān)系,主語,主語 賓語,定語,賓語,指代整個主句,關(guān)系副詞(where, when)的指代關(guān)系,時間狀語,地點狀語,that, why不能在非限制性

5、定語從句中使用。,tip,介詞+which,修飾_,修飾_或 _,無_與主句分開,有_與主句分開,使用時可以用that 引導,與主句語意關(guān)系_(緊湊/松散)，定從_(不能/能)刪除,與主句語意關(guān)系_,定從_刪除,使用時不能用_引導,緊湊,不能,松散,能,先行詞,先行詞,整個句子,逗號,逗號,that,當我們做非限制性定語從句的練習時, 往往先確定先行詞, 然后再分析先行詞 在從句中的作用, 再對關(guān)系詞加以選擇。,整理一番,1.I love the book (which )I bought yesterday . 2. This gift was the Amber Room, which w

6、e gave this name because several tons of amber were used to make it.,關(guān)系代詞在限制性定語從句中作_ 時可以省略。 關(guān)系代詞在非限制性定語從句中作賓語時不可以_。,賓語,省略,3. A middle-aged woman killed her husband, which frightened me very much. 4. A five-year-old boy can speak two foreign languages, which surprises all of us.,大多數(shù)定語從句的先行詞往往為某一個詞或短語

7、, 而有時非限制性定語從句的先行詞也可為整個主句, 此時非限制性定語從句常由 _ 引導。,which,5.She has married again, which delighted us 6.Spiders are not insects, as many people think. =(As many people think, spiders are not insects.),as (譯為 _) 引導的非限制性定語從句的位置比較靈活, 可位于所修飾的句子之后, 句中或句首; 而由 which (譯為 _) 引導的非限制性定語從句一般不位于句首。,“正如”,“這” 或 “這件事”,7.T

8、his is the girl whom/who I met in the street. 8.A young man had a new girl friend, whom he wanted to impress.,關(guān)系代詞 whom 在限制性定語從句中作賓語時可用 _代替，但在非限制性定語從句中作賓語時只能用 _。（指人）,who,whom,As “正如、像一樣” 位置可放在主句前面，也可放在后面。而which引導的非限制性定語從句只能放在主句之后，且無“正如”之意。 試比較下面兩個句子。,He went abroad, _was expected. He went abroad, _w

9、as unexpected.,as,which,當從句是否定句或表示否定意義時，只能用which引導。,兩類 定語從句的區(qū)別,non-restrictive attributive clause,錯漏“擺”出,1. People are excited to meet Zhai Zhigang, he was the first Chinese to walk in space . 2. Many Chinese will never forget May 12th, 2008, when a big earthquake happened in Sichuan then. 3. Which

10、is shown on TV, many children suffered a lot from the polluted milk.,he,who,then,去掉,Which,As,錯漏“擺”出,4. China got the most gold medals in the Olympics, that makes people excited. 5. I dream of going to Beijing, which the 29th Olympic Games was held.,that,which,which,where/ in which,Task 1: Fill in th

11、e blanks using which, as, when, who, whom, where, when, why, that. (1) St Petersburg is a very beautiful city, _ was once called Leningrad. (2) In Xian, I met a teacher, _ has a strong love for cultural relics and took me to visit the history museum.,which,who,(3) I dont remember the soldier, _ told

12、 me not to tell anyone what I had seen. (4) My grandfather was a child then, _ people didnt pay much attention to cultural relics in the old days. (5) They moved the boxes to a mine, _ they wanted to hide them.,who,when,where,(1) What surprised me was not what he said but the way _ he said it. (2) W

13、ere just trying to reach a point _ both sides will sit down together and talk. (06山東）,(that/in which),where,Task 2: Practice.,(3) _ is often the case, we have worked out the production plan. (4) This is the very house _ he lived. (5) Next winter, _ you will spend in Harbin, Im sure, will be another

14、exciting holiday. (6) Thats the reason _ he was late.,As,where,which,why,(7) The pictures brought the days back to the old _ they swam in the river. (8) Robert and his songs _ were famous in the U. S. are also popular in China. (9) They are always smoking, _ of course, will do harm to their health.

15、(10) The situation _ you use the words is very clear in fact.,when,that,which,where,1. The weather turned out to be very good, _was more than we could expect. A what B which C that D it 2._ is known to everybody, the moon travels around the earth. A It B As C That D What 3.Have you seen the film Titanic, _ leading actor is very popular. A its B what C that D whose,4.Recently I bought a vase, _ was very high. A which price B its price C the price of which D