1、Unit 1 Answers to Exercises Vocabulary 1) urged 2) halted 3) bother 4) embarrassed 5)adjusted 6) complain 7) kid 8) engage 9)subject 10) saw to it that 11) coordinate 12)participate 2.Word building patient-patience enter- entrance bitter-bitterness complain-complaint fortunate-fortune envy-envious k

2、nowledge-knowledgeable memory-memorable reluctant-reluctance frustrate-frustration 1) bitter 2)fortunate 3) patience 4) memorable 5) reluctant 6) entrance 7) complaints 8) envious 9) knowledgeable 10) frustrationTranslation1.He walks slowly because of his bad leg. 2.He came to the meeting despite hi

3、s serious illness. 3.He saw to it that the same mistake would not happen again. 4.Now that theyve got to know each other a little better they get along just fine. 5.Then I found myself surrounded by half a dozen boys. 6.On this happy occasion I send you my best wishes.E to C 1. 他從來(lái)不感到疲憊，非常喜歡干活，而且話不多

4、。2. 由她陪在身邊我很興奮并感到安全，尤其是在天氣不好的時(shí)候。3. 從他那里得到的一切我們都非常感激，而且下決心要努力學(xué)習(xí)來(lái)報(bào)答他。4. 他經(jīng)常給我將一些很有趣的故事，而且從這些故事中我能夠知道自己該做什么，不該做什么。Part Three 1. causes 2. offers 3. to 4.not 5.tell 6.calls 7. attracted 8. discovers 9. Weak 10. disappointed 11. distance 12. out Part Four 1. support a big family 2. care for her children

5、and parents 3. pay for his childs education 4. after years of diligent research 5. the financial burden on his shoulders 6. She has a golden heart and loves people around her. 7. My father has never bought any toys and candies for my younger brother and me but I know he loves us. 8. My parent do the

6、ir best to meet our needs and always keep their promises.Unit 2 1. Understanding the Main idea of the Passage 1. different 2. problems 3. communication 4. translator 5. trust 6. acceptance 7. exaggerate 8. superlative 9. metaphors 10. generalizations 11. unsupportive 12.literally 13. rethink 14. tra

7、nslate2. Understanding Specific Information 1. F 2. T 3. F 4.T 5. T 6. F 7. T 8. T 9. T 10. T Vocabulary 1. 1) mess 2)repeat 3)mislead 4) intends 5)tend 6)exaggerates 7)frustrating 8) misinterpreted 9)acceptance 10)trust 2. Step One 1)f 2)c 3)a 4)k 5)i 6)e 7)h 8)j 9)g 10)b 11)d Step Two 1)conveyed/c

8、onveys 2)assistance 3)encounter 4)conflict 5)emphasis 6)reacted 7)recognize 8)manner 9)assumed/assume 10)emerged/emerges 11)ignore 3. 1)out 2)on 3)with 4)of 5)In 6)in 7)to 8)on 9)At 10)of Translation 1. I went to the dentist yesterday to have a bad/decayed tooth pulled out.2. The development of thin

9、gs depends fundamentally on internal causes. 3. All roads lead to Rome. 4. I meant to give you that book today but I forgot to bring it with me. 5. I was on the verge of accepting his advice. 6. Divorce is not a matter you can afford to take lightly Part Four Writing and Translation Translation Prac

10、tice1. Misunderstandings are very common in our daily lives. They will cause problems and unnecessary trouble: ruin friendships bring misery. 2. They are many ways to avoid misunderstandings.A. Do not use words that may have double meanings. B. Express ideas and pronounce words clearly. C. Emphasize

11、 the main points. D. Dont pretend to understand when you dont. E. Ask for clarification when not clear about the meaning. F. Be aware of the gender differences in communication. 3. Many misunderstandings can be avoided if we are careful enough. Life without misunderstandings will be better and happi

12、er. Unit 3Reading Comprehension 1. Understanding the Organization of the Text 1). Introduction(para. 1) Each person has the potential to win in his own way. 2) The meanings of “winner” and “l(fā)oser” (para. 2) A winner is one who responds genuinely by being trustworthy and responsive. A loser is one wh

13、o fails to respond genuinely. 3) Few people are winners and losers all the time. (para 3) 4) Winners (para. 4-7) Characteristics of a winner:a. A winner is genuine. b. A winner is not afraid to do his own thinking and to use his own knowledge. c. A winner is flexible. d. A winner has a love for life

14、. e. A winner cares about the world and its people. 5) Loses (para. 8-10) Possible causes: Poor nutrition cruelty unhappy relationships disease continuing disappointments and inadequate physical care. Characteristics of a loser: a. A loser lacks an ability to appropriately express himself through a

15、full range of possible behavior. b. A loser has difficulty giving and receiving love. 2. Understanding Specific Information 1) c 2) D 3)A 4)B 5) C Vocabulary 1) appreciate a. be thankful o grateful for 感激b. recognize and enjoy the good qualities or worth of 欣賞， 賞識(shí)2）capacity a. the amount that sth ca

16、n hold or contain 容量，容積， 容納力3) channel a. n. a particular television station 頻道b. v. direct sth towards a particular purpose 把.導(dǎo)向，引導(dǎo)， 集中4) contribute a. join with others in giving 捐獻(xiàn)，捐贈(zèng)，貢獻(xiàn)出b. help in causing a situation event or condition有助于，促成5). Flexible a. that can bend or be bent easily有彈性，柔韌的b.

17、 that can change or be changed to be suitable for new needs靈活的，可變通的6). Guilt a. the fact of having broken a moral rule or official law罪，罪行b. the feelings produced by knowledge or belief that one has done wrong 內(nèi)疚，自責(zé)，悔恨7) potential a. adj. likely to develop into a particular type of person or thing i

18、n the future潛在的，可能的b. n. the inherent ability for growth and development潛力，潛能8) rigid a. stiff not easy to bend硬的，不易彎曲的b. firm or fixed difficult to change or unwilling to change嚴(yán)格的，刻板的2. achieve achievement expect expectation Dependdependence limitlimitation/limit Cruelcruelty uniqueuniqueness Genu

19、inegenuineness respondresponse Awareawareness disappointdisappointment Capablecapability behavebehavior 1)expectation 2)limitations 3)capability 4)achievement 5)response 6)awareness 6)behavior 7)disappointment 9)cruelty 10)dependence 3. 1)entered into 2)channeledinto 3)holds/held back 4)unaware of 5

20、)separatesfrom 6)referred toas 7)lived up to 8)calls for 9)contributes to 10)see/sawasTranslation1. Lack of confidence contributed to his failure. 2. She has shown great courage in the face of her serious illness. 3. We came to the conclusion that she was telling the truth. 4. His secretary failed t

21、o tell him about the meeting. 5. Learning languages isnt just a matter of memorizing words. 6. Once she has made her decision no one can hold her back. 7. Itll be difficult to live up to the standards set by our captain. 8. The scientist referred to the discovery as the most exciting new development

22、 in this field.Part Four Writing and Translation1. Failure is the mother of success. 2. Any man who is afraid of failure will/can never win. 3. Success means that you enjoy/love and are good at doing what you are doing now. 4. One who is eager to win will not necessarily win quickly. 5. A successful

23、 person doesnt ask for things from others. On the contrary/Instead he will ask himself: “What can I leave to this world?” 6. A real winner is someone who makes the greatest contributions to the society not the one who is the richest or the most famous. Unit 4Reading Comprehension 1. Understanding th

24、e Organization of the Text 1) Introduction (para. 1-2) The term placebo is introduced: when it is prescribed and what it is. 2) The study of the placebo (para. 3-7) a. One explanation: The placebo works because the human mind fools itself. b. The other explanation: The placebo makes the wish to get

25、better become reality. c. The most powerful placebo of all: the doctor. Supporting evidence: First group (led by a doctor): 70 percent of the people get better. Second group (led by a nurse): only 25 percent of the people get better. 3) Different cases in which a placebo may work (para. 8-9) The pla

26、cebo has been found to work with seasickness coughs colds and pain after an operation. An experiment was done to see if it works with old people: The first group were given nothing at all. Result: The first group showed no changes from the way old people in that village had always been. The second g

27、roup was given a placebo. Result: The second group had much netter health and a lower death rate. The third group were given a real drug which was intended to help with the problems of old age. Result: The third group showed much the same results as the group that took the placebo. 4). Two opposite

28、attitudes towards the use of a placebo (para. 10-11) Some doctors think that if the placebo can have bad effects it should never be used. Other countries are known to have been using placebos for hundreds of years. 5) Conclusion (para. 12) It is suggested that the human mind is stronger than we thin

29、k it is.2. Understanding Specific Information1). Yes 2)No 3)Maybe 4)yes 5)yes 6)no 7)yes 8)Maybe Vocabulary 1.1)A. a substance used for treating illness especially a liquid you drink b.the treatment and study of illnesses and injuries 2) a. an act of firing a gun b. an injection of a drug 3) a. the

30、part of a spacecraft in which astronauts live and work b. a plastic container shaped like a very small tube with medicine inside. 4) a. become whole and sound return to health b. cause to become mentally or emotionally strong again after a bad experience. 5) a. a particular way of behaving towards s

31、omeone or of dealing with them. b. a method that is intended to cure an injury or illness. 6) a. the process of cutting into someones body to repair or remove a part that is damaged. b. the process of making a machine or system work 7) a. a person or their particular problem that a doctor is dealing

32、 with b. a situation that exists especially as it affects a particular person or group 8) a. make someone think that a particular thing is true; indicate b. tell someone your ideas about what they should do where they should go etc.2. 1)a 2)e 3)f 4)d 5)g 6)h 7)c 8)b Translation1. All I can say is th

33、at we are extremely sorry. 2. In many cases regulations alone will not work. 3. He is highly likely to succeed because of his intelligence and diligence. 4. She stared at me as if I were a stranger.5. It is reported that three people were injured in the traffic accident yesterday. 6. I feel angry at

34、 the way he (has) treated me. 7. The patient is much the same this morning as he was yesterday. 8. Id like to stay (at) home this evening rather than go out.Unit 5 Reading Comprehension Understanding the Organization of the PassageI. Introduction:Questions concerning dreams have puzzled human beings

35、.(para 1) II. Dreaming and sleeping (Para. 2-3) i) When does dreaming occur? When we are in REM sleep. ii) What are the main purposes of sleeping? To give us rest and to allow us to dream. III. Possible causes of dreams (para. 4-6) i) Physiological Example: Sleeping with ones feet too close to a hea

36、ter may cause one to dream of walking on hot coals. ii) Reflection of inner fears. Example: Worrying about losing ones job may cause one to dream of losing ones job. IV. Dream interpretation (para. 7-9) i) The earliest dream dictionary included symbols such as drinking wine to indicate a short life

37、and drinking water to indicate a long life. ii) Artemidorus dictionary includes symbols such as right hand (father) left hand (mother) and dolphin (a good omen). iii) Most experts warm that dream interpretations should be treated with care. 2. Understanding Specific Information 1) T 2)T 3)T 4)T 5)F

38、6)T 7)T 8)T 9)F 10)FVocabulary 1.1)explanation 2)enthusiasts 3)frustrating 4)popularity 5)unconscious 6)electrical 7)movements 8)recognizable 9)interpretation 10)countless2.Task A 1)asleep 2)sleepless 3)sleep 4)sleepy 5)asleep 6)slept 7)sleeping sleep 8)sleeper Task B 1) submerged: (cause to) go bel

39、ow the surface of the sea river or lake (使)沉沒(méi)2) subculture: the behavior practice etc. associated with a group within a society亞文化3) submarine: a special type of ship which can travel under water潛水艇4) subway: (BrE) a path for people to walk under a road or railway地下通道；(AmE) a railway that runs under

40、 the ground 地鐵5) subzero: (of temperatures) below zero零度以下的6) subtropical: related to an area near to t tropical area or typical of that area副熱帶的，亞熱帶的7) subspecies: a subdivision of a species （物種的）亞種8) subnormal: below an average or expected standard especially of intelligence低于正常的3.1)progressed 2)p

41、uzzled 3)process 4)reflected 5)predict 6)advances 7)symbol 8)ancient 9)error 10)conscious 11)analysis 12)inner Translation 1. You will see that what I am saying now will come true. 2. The lecture was so boring that half (of) the students feel asleep. 3. The problem of unemployment is tied up with th

42、e development of new technology. 4. His appearance has changed so much that you may well not recognize him. 5. The castle dates back to the 14th century. 6. She has never done anything for them whereas they have done everything they can for her. Part Four Writing and Translation 夢(mèng)是心靈的談話人類至今尚未開啟通往夢(mèng)的世

43、界的大門。盡管我們很多人意識(shí)到做夢(mèng)的價(jià)值，希望了解我們?cè)趬?mèng)中的活動(dòng)，但大多數(shù)人在睡眠中仍覺(jué)得像進(jìn)入夢(mèng)幻世界一樣。有些人認(rèn)為夢(mèng)中的生活跟醒著的生活一樣真實(shí)，而且在積極尋找方法控制睡眠時(shí)的思維活動(dòng)，然而很少有人會(huì)將蘇醒時(shí)發(fā)生的事情跟夢(mèng)中發(fā)生的事情聯(lián)系在一起。心理學(xué)家和心理玄學(xué)家在20世紀(jì)90年代普遍認(rèn)為，我們的夢(mèng)境包含著日常生活的內(nèi)容。因此，學(xué)習(xí)記住并“挖掘”夢(mèng)境是非常有用的?？v觀歷史，土著居民們?cè)匾饧w漫游夢(mèng)境以解決問(wèn)題，并根據(jù)部落所夢(mèng)見的未來(lái)生活設(shè)定方向。許多重要的科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)就來(lái)源于夢(mèng)境中發(fā)生事件。Unit 6 Country Taboo Reasons India Cow 1. cows h

44、elp plow the fields 2. cow manure can be used as fertilizer 3. cow manure can be dried and burned to make a cooking fire The United States Dog1. Dogs serve as companions for people 2. Dogs serve as protection against thieves Ancient Egypt and Israel Pork 1. Pork cooked insufficiently may spread dise

45、ase 2. People did not want to stay in one place to raise pigs Understanding the Details 1) nutrition religion the ways of life of different people 2) butterflies rats termites 3) calories protein 4) there is plenty of land for raising cattle and their meat can be shipped cheaply for long distance by

46、 railroads 5) they go wherever they want to in the streets; they can eat anything from the supplies of the foodsellers on the streets. Vocabulary 1.1) common 2)appropriate 3) forbidden 4) supplies%) related 6) evidence 7) requires 8)raise 9)spread 10)sufficiently 2. 1)disgusting 2)habit 3)insects 4)

47、reasonable5)relatively 6)animals 7)harvested 8)grow 9)nearly10) other 11)altogether 12)consumed 13)avoided 14)popular 15)offers 16)served 17)would 18)enjoyed 19)considered 20)rejected G f b c h e I d a j Translation 1. We regard him as one of the best players in the game. 2. The scientist picked up

48、those little pieces of rock and carefully put them into a box. 3. The population of China is almost five times as large as that of the Unite States. 4. The reason why grass is green was once a mystery to the little boy. 5. She was standing by the window apparently quite calm and relaxed. 6. Profits

49、have declined as a result of the recent drop in sales. 7. She put on dark glasses as a protection against the strong light. 8. He could no longer be trusted after that incident.Further development D e b f g c a Writing and Translation1. What is unusual is the fact that many students dont eat vegetab

50、les. 2. Students from the North like pasta for example noodles and dumplings. 3. Students brought up near the sea ear seafood while those from West China enjoyed beef and lamb. 4. What is worth mentioning is that some girls are on a diet to keep a slim figure. 5. Food likes and dislikes vary from on

51、e student to anther. 6. Some students are keen on meat of all kinds while others prefer fruits and nuts. 7. In some families parents do most of the cooking while in others grandparents will take on the responsibility. 8. Generally speaking most of the students eat at school cafeterias but some stude

52、nts from wealthy families have meals in restaurants. 9. It is very surprising that some students often eat at restaurants because students dont usually earn money. 10. Cooking traditionally undertaken by mothers has been often taken over by fathers nowadays. Unit 7 Reading Comprehension 1. Understan

53、ding the Main idea of the Passage A. Topic Sentence(para. 1): Its rather difficult for a foreigner to slip into a culture without all his foreignness exposed. B. Supporting evidence: 1. Parting customs in China (para. 1-7) i) One custom: The host and hostess should say to guests words and phrases th

54、at will smooth over the visitors leaving and make them feel they will be welcome to come again. The authors problem: She constantly found herself tongue-tied. Her solution: At first she often hid behind her husband and then she gradually picked up the words and phrases. ii) Another custom: The host

55、and hostess feel they must see a guest off to the farthest feasible point except those less important or younger visitors. A problem she met with a guest: She tried to discourage the host and hostess from seeing her off but failed. Her conclusion: Its better to accept the inevitable. 2. Chinese mode

56、sty vs. American straightforwardness (para. 8-12) i) At a party when complimented for cooking skills A Chinese host or hostess will appear to be modest and apologize for giving “nothing” even slightly edible and for not showing enough honor by providing proper dishes. An American hostess is likely t

57、o say “Oh Im so glad that you liked it. I cooked it especially for you.” ii) When talking about their children Chinese parents will say that their children even if at the top of their class in school are always so “naughty” never studying never listening to their elders and so forth. American parent

58、s will straightforwardly speak proudly of their childrens achievements. iii) Hearing the word “no” A Chinese will not take it the first time. An American will take it to mean “no”. C. Conclusion(para. 13) Life becomes much easier once you have studied up on cultural differences. 2. Understanding Specific Information 1)T 2)T 3)F 4)F 5)F 6)T 7)T 8)TVocabulary 1. save a. help someone by making it unnecessary for them to do sth unpleasant or inconvenient b. keep money so that you can use it later especially when you gradually add more money over a period of time. 2.