1、現(xiàn)在完成時的用法1.定義：現(xiàn)在完成時是由助動詞have(has)+動詞的過去分詞構(gòu)成。助動詞說明該謂語是屬于現(xiàn)在時范圍。它和主語的人稱、數(shù)要保持一致。過去分詞是主要的謂語動詞，說明句子的意2.用法 (1)表示動作發(fā)生在過去某個不確定的時間，但對現(xiàn)在留下了某種影響和結(jié)果。常被just、already、yet等副詞修飾。-Haveyouhadlunchyet?-Yes,Ihave.Ivejusthadit. 你(已經(jīng))吃午飯了嗎？我剛剛吃過。(現(xiàn)在我不餓了) (2)表示從過去某一時刻開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。這個動作可能剛停止，可能仍然在進行。常帶有for和since等表示一段時間的狀語。.

2、Hehastaughtheresince1981 他自1981年就在這兒教書。(可能還要繼續(xù)教). Ihavetseenherforfouryears. (3)表示說話前發(fā)生過一次或多次的動作，現(xiàn)在成為一種經(jīng)驗，一般譯為漢語“過”，常帶有twice,ever,never,threetimes等時間狀語。 IhavebeentoBeijingtwice. 3.現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語 (1)現(xiàn)在完成時屬于現(xiàn)在時范圍，故不能和過去的時間狀語連用。如：yesterday,lastSunday,in1990,threeyearsago等。但是，在強調(diào)動作產(chǎn)生的后果和影響時，可以和一些表示不確定的時間狀語連

3、用。 a.用副詞already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中，yet一般用于否定句和疑問句中。如：Wehavealreadyfinishedourhomework.我們已完成作業(yè)了。 Theyhaventfinishedtheirhomeworkyet.他們還沒有完成作業(yè)。 b.用ever和never。多用于否定或疑問句中，表示“曾經(jīng)”或“從未“等。如：-HaveyoueverbeentotheGreatWall?你曾經(jīng)去過長城嗎？ -IhaveneverbeentotheGreatWall.我從未去過長城。 c.用表示到說話為止的過去時間狀語，如just,before,uptono

4、w,thepastfewyears等。例如：Ihaveseenherbefore,butIcannotrememberwhere. 我以前見過她，但記不起在哪里見過。 Hehasbeentherethreetimesthelastfewdays. 近幾年他去過那里三次了。 d.用包括“現(xiàn)在”在內(nèi)的時間狀語，如：now,today,thismorning(month,year,term)等。例如：-Haveyoumethimtoday?-No,Ihavent. 今天你見過他嗎？我沒有。 Howmanytimeshaveyoubeentherethisyear? 今年你去過那里多少次？ (2)現(xiàn)在

5、完成時可以和帶有since或for等表示“一段時間”的狀語連用,表示動作或狀態(tài)從某一時刻開始，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。如：Ihaventseenhimfortwoyears.但是，像come,arrive,buy等終止性動詞不能與表示“一段時間”的狀語連用。要用，必須改為“be(在)”等延續(xù)性動詞來表述?，F(xiàn)歸納總結(jié)一下由非延續(xù)性動詞到延續(xù)性動詞的轉(zhuǎn)換： arrivebeherebegin(start)beon diebedeadcomebackbeback leavebeawayfallill(sick,asleep)beill(sick,asleep) getupbeupgooutbeout fin

6、ishbeoverputonwear或beon openbeopenjoinbein或beamemberof closebeclosedgotoschoolbeastudent borrowkeepbuyhave catch(acold)have(acold)gettoknowknow begintostudystudycometoworkwork .Hehasbeenasoldierforthreeyears. .Hisfatherhasbeendeadfortwoyears. .Thefilmhasbeenonfortenminutes. .WehavestudiedEnglishfort

7、hreeyears. 4.現(xiàn)在完成時和一般過去時的區(qū)別 現(xiàn)在完成時和一般過去時都表示在過去完成的動作。但現(xiàn)在完成時強調(diào)的是這一動作與現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系。如對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或影響等，而一般過去時只表示動作在過去某一時刻發(fā)生，不表示和現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系。試比較： Ihavelostmynewbook.我把新書丟了。(現(xiàn)在還未找到) Ilostmynewbookyesterday.我昨天把新書丟了。(昨天丟的，現(xiàn)在找到與否沒說明) 5.幾點注意事項 (1)havebeen(to)與havegone(to)的區(qū)別：havebeen(to)表示“去過某地(現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來了)”，可用于各人稱；havegone(to)表示“

8、去某地了(說話時某人不在當(dāng)?shù)?”，常用于第三人稱，前者可與once,never,severaltimes等連用，后者則不能。.TheyhavebeentoBeijingtwice.他們?nèi)ミ^北京兩次。 .HehasgonetoBeijing.他去北京了。 (2)如單純表示一段時間，或強調(diào)一段時間，雖有since一詞，也不必用完成時。如：Itistwoyearssincehisfatherdied.=Hisfatherhasbeendeadfortwoyears.他父親去世已有三年了。 (3)終止性動詞現(xiàn)在完成時的否定式，已變成一種可以延續(xù)的狀態(tài)，因此可以和表示一段時間的狀語連用。 現(xiàn)在完成時練習(xí)

9、題一、翻譯下列句子：1. 你曾經(jīng)吃過魚和薯條嗎？ 2. 我剛剛丟了我的化學(xué)書。3. 我以前從來沒去過那個農(nóng)場。 4. 他已經(jīng)吃過午飯了。5. 你已經(jīng)看過這部電影了嗎？ 6. 我哥哥還沒回來。7. 我上星期看過這部電影。 8. 在1992年他住在這里。9.這本字典我已買了三年了。 10.他離開中國三年了。11.我認識他們五年了。 12.他們已去了美國五年了。13.自從他搬到福州，他就住這兒了。 14.他們已經(jīng)結(jié)婚10年。15.我妹妹成為一個大學(xué)生已經(jīng)三年。 16.這會已開了多長時間了？17.這門已經(jīng)關(guān)了兩天了。 18.我入團2年了。I _ _ _ two years ago.I _ _ a _

10、_ for two years.I _ _ a _ of _ _ for two years.I _ _ _ the _ for two years.19.自從1999年以來他們就認識。 20.我來到農(nóng)場已5年了。二、用過去時或現(xiàn)在完成時填空：1. “_ you _ (have) lunch ?” “Yes.”“When _ you _ (have) it?”“I _ (have) it at 12:00.”2. “_ you _ (write) a letter to your aunt yet?”“Yes, I _. I _ (write) one last week.”3. “_ he

11、_ (finish) his homework?” “Not yet.”4. “_ they ever _ (be) abroad?” “Yes, just once.”5. Your father _ just _ (finish) his work.6. Your father _ (finish) his work just now.7. Last term I _ (learn) many English words.8. They _ (not read) the interesting books yet.9. He _ never _ (go) to the science mu

12、seum.10. _ you ever _ (drink) coke?11. “_ you _ (buy) a dictionary? “ “Yes, I _ .”“Where _ you _ (buy) it?” “ I _ (buy) it in a bookstore.”“When _ you _ (buy) it?” “ Yesterday.”三、用since和for填空1. _ two years 2._ two years ago 3. _ last month 4._ 19995._ yesterday 6. _ 4 oclock 7. _ 4 hours 8._ an hour

13、 ago9. _ we were children 10. _ lunch time 11._ she left here12. He has lived in Nanjing _ the year before last.13. Ive known him _ we were children.14. Our teacher has studied Japanese _ three years.15. She has been away from the city _ about ten years.16. Its about ten years _ she left the city.四、

14、短暫性動詞轉(zhuǎn)換為延續(xù)性動詞arrive at/in sw. get to/reach sw. come/go/move to sw. be in sw./at school/at home/on the farm/be here/be there1) He got to Beijing five minutes ago.He _ _ _ Beijing for _ _.2) I moved to the USA last year.I _ _ _ the USA since _ _.3) I went home yesterday.I _ _ _ home for _ _.4) They ca

15、me here last week.They _ _ here since _ _.come/go back, return be back come/go out be out1) He came out two years ago.He _ _ _ for _ _.2) We return to Fuzhou yesterday.We _ _ _ to Fuzhou since _.become be1) I became a teacher in 2000.I _ _ a teacher for _ _.2) The river became dirty last year.The ri

16、ver _ _ dirty for _ _.close be closed open be open1) The shop closed two hours ago.The shop _ _ _ for _ _.2) The door opened at six in the morning.The door _ _ _ for six hours.get up be up； die be dead； leave sw. be away from sw.fall asleep/get tot sleep be asleep； finish/end be over；marry be marrie

17、d；1) I got up two hours ago.I _ _ _ since _ _.2) He left Fuzhou just now.He _ _ _ _ Fuzhou for five minutes.3) My grandpa died in 2002.My grandpa _ _ _for _ _.4) The meeting finished at six.The meeting _ _ _ for six hours.5) I got to sleep two hours ago.I _ _ _ since _ _.6) They married in 1990.They

18、 _ _ _since _.start/begin to do sth. do sth. ；begin be on1) I began to teach at this school in 1995.I _ _ at this school since _.2) The film began two minutes ago.The film _ _ _ for _ _.borrow keep； lose not have ；buy have ；put on wearcatch/get a cold have a cold； get to know know1) They borrowed it

19、 last week.They _ _ it since _ _.2) I bought a pen two hours ago.I _ _ a pen for _ _.3) I got to know him last year.I _ _ him since _ _.4) I put on my glasses three years ago.I _ _ my glasses for _ _.have/has gone to have been inHe has gone to Beijing.He _ _ _ Beijing for two days.join the league/th

20、e Party/the army be a league/a Party member/a soldier be a member of the league/the Party be in the league/the Party/the army1) He joined the league in 2002.He _ _ a _ _ for two years.He _ _ a _ _ the _ for two years.He _ _ _ the league for two years.2) My brother joined the army two years ago.My br

21、other _ _ a _ for _ _.My brother _ _ in _ _ for two years.劃線提問1) I have been there for two days._ _ _ you _ _ ?2) My father has lived here since 2000._ _ _ your father _ _?3) He left here yesterday._ _ he _ _?4) They bought a book two hours ago._ _ they _ a book六、用have(has) been 或have(has) gone 填空。A

22、: Where _ Li Fei _? B: He _ to Hainan Island.A: How long _ he _ there? B: He _ there for three days.A: When will he come back , do you know? B: Im afraid he wont come back recently.A: Could you tell me the way to Hainan Island? B: Sorry, I _ never _ there.A: How many times _ Li Fei _ to that place?B

23、: He _ there only once.七、用have/has been to/in, have gone to及go的各種形式填空。1) Where is Jack? He _ his country. 2) David _ the park just now.3) John _ England since he came back. 4) How long _ have _ this village?5) The Smiths _ Beijing for years. 6) _ you ever _ America? - Yes, I _ there many times.7) I

24、_ this school since three years ago. 8) Where is Jim? He _ the farm.9) When_ he _? He _ an hour ago.10) Would you like to _ the zoo with me? -Yes, but I _ there before.11) Where _ you _ now? - I _ the zoo. 12) He often _ swimming.13) _ you _ there last year? 14) _ they often _ skating in winter?八、綜合

25、練習(xí):I. 用never, ever, already, yet, for, since填空1. I have _ seen him before, so I have no idea about him.2. Jack has _ finished his homework _ an hour ago.3. Mr. Wang has taught in this school _ ten years.4. “Have you _ seen the film?” “No, I have _ seen it.”5. “Has the bus left _?” “Yes, it has _ lef

26、t.”II. 翻譯下列句子：1. 他們已經(jīng)打掃了教室嗎？ 2. 我們已經(jīng)認識有二十年了。3. 打那以后，她一直住在這。 4. “你曾經(jīng)到過那里嗎？” “不，我從來沒到過那里?！盜II. 用適當(dāng)?shù)臅r態(tài)填空：1.Shes _ (live) here ever since she was ten.2.Both of them _ (be) in Hongkong for ten days.3.Both of them _ (come) to Hongkong ten days ago.4. Half an hour _ (pass) since the train _ (leave).5. Mary

27、_(lose) her pen. _ you _ (see) it here and there?6. _ you _ (find) your watch yet?7. -Are you thirsty? -No I _ just _ (have) some orange.8. We _already _ (return) the book.9. _ they _ (build) a new school in the village?10. I _(not finish) my homework . Can you help me?11. My father _ (read) the nov

28、el twice. 12. I _ (buy) a book just now.13. I _ (lost ) my watch yesterday14. My father _ (read) this book since yesterday.III句型轉(zhuǎn)換：1. He has already gone home.He _ _ home _. (否定句)_ he _ home _? (疑問句)2. He has lunch at home.He _ _ lunch at home. (否定句) _ he _ lunch at home? (疑問句)3. He has been there t

29、wice._ _ _ _ he been there? (劃線提問)4. I have had lunch at school. _ _ you _ lunch. (劃線提問) 不規(guī)則動詞表（1）AAA型（動詞原形、過去式、過去分詞同形） cost（花費）costcost shut shut shut cut（割） cutcut spit spit/spat spit/ spat(英)hit（打）hit hit hurt傷害）hurt hurt let（讓）letlet put（放）putputread（讀）readread(2)AAB型（動詞原形與過去式同形） beat（跳動）beatbea

30、ten(3)ABA型（動詞原形與過去分詞同形） become（變成）becamebecome awake awoke awoken come（來）camecome run（跑）ranrun(4)ABB型（過去式與過去分詞同形）dig（挖）dugdug build built builtget（得到）gotgot/gotten catch caught caughthang（吊死）hanged hanged deal dealt dealthang（懸掛）hung hung feed fed fed hold（抓?。﹉eldheld find found foundshine（照耀）shones

31、hone forbid forbade/forbad forbiddensit（坐）satsat pay paid paidwin（贏）wonwon send sent sentmeet（遇見）metmet shoot shot shotkeep（保持）keptkept tell told toldsleep（睡）sleptslept win won wonsweep（掃）swept swept feel（感覺）feltfeltsmell（聞）smelt/smelled smelt/ smelled leave（離開）leftleft build（建設(shè)）builtbuiltlend（借出）lentlent send（傳送）sentsentspend（花費）spentspent lose（丟失）lostlostburn（燃燒）burnt burnt learn（學(xué)習(xí)）learnt learnt mean（意思是）meant meant catch（抓?。ヽaught caughtteach（教）taught taught bring（帶來）brought brought fight（戰(zhàn)斗）fought fought buy（買）bought