1、 短語(yǔ)1. 天然無(wú)機(jī)化合物 natural inorganic substance2. 化學(xué)組成 chemical composition3. 原子組成 atomic structure4. 有色金屬礦物 nonferrous ore5. 有用礦物 valuable mineral6. 脈石礦物 gangue mineral7. 給礦品位 the feed grad8. 非金屬礦物 non-metallic ore9. 沉積巖 sedimentary rock10. 二氧化碳 carbon dioxide11. 發(fā)電 generation of electricity12. 露天采礦 open

2、 pit mining13. 低灰分煙煤 low-sulfur bituminous coal14. 揮發(fā)份 volatile constituents15. 煤氣化 coal gasification16. 直接液化 a direct liquefaction process17. 煤質(zhì)分析 coal assay18. 煤的化學(xué)組成chemical properties of coal19. 相對(duì)密度 relative density 20. 粒度分布 particle size distribution21. 自磨 autonomous grinding22. 燃燒實(shí)驗(yàn) special c

3、ombustion tests23. 灰分含量 ash content24. 高品級(jí)煤種 high-rank coal25. 礦石粒度 the size of the ore 26. 有用礦物粒度 the grains of valuable minerals27. 細(xì)粒嵌布finely disseminated in the ore28. 低品位礦石 low grade ores29. 解離度 degree of liberation30. 光化學(xué)性質(zhì) optical properties31. 磁性 magnetic properties32. 導(dǎo)電性 electrical conduct

4、ivity properties33. 連生顆粒 the particles of locked mineral34. 最佳磨礦細(xì)度 an optimum mesh of grind35. 破碎應(yīng)力 breaking stresses 36. 顆粒邊界 grain boundaries37. 再磨 be regrinding0f38. 磨礦成本 grinding costs39. 粗粒脈石 the coarse gangue 40. 單體顆粒 single free particles 選擇1. gold and piatinum (native or metallic form)2. mos

5、t of minerale (their composition)3. tow minerals that(quite different physical properties)4. granite is composed(different) 漢譯英1. 礦石中有有用礦物與脈石礦物緊密共生 The useful minerals in the ore are intimately associated with the gangue minerals2. 破碎一般為干式作業(yè)，采用分段方法完成 Crushing is usually a dry proless and is performe

6、d in seuerd stages3. 在礦物晶體的晶格內(nèi)，原子間鍵只在很短的距離內(nèi)有效 In the crystalline latlice of minerals these inter-atomic bonds are effectine only over small distances4. 新生成的表面通常具有更高的化學(xué)活性 Newly formed surfaces are often more chemically active5. 在水存在的情況下，粉碎所需的能量減小 The energy required for comminution is reduced in the

7、presence of water6. 粉碎學(xué)說研究輸入能量與某一特定給料粒度下形成的產(chǎn)品粒度的關(guān)系 Comminution theory is concerned with the relationship between energy input and the product particle size made from a given feed size7. 在球磨機(jī)內(nèi)，所輸入的大部分能量用于產(chǎn)生熱量 In a ball mill,the bulk of the energy being utilized in the production of heat8. 物料的單位體積表面積與

8、顆粒的直徑成反比The surface area of unit volume of material is inversely proportional to the diameter9. 也許測(cè)定礦石可磨度最廣泛使用的參數(shù)是邦德功指數(shù)Probably the most widely used parameter to measure ore grindability is the Bond work index Wi10. 批次實(shí)驗(yàn)取得的數(shù)據(jù)與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)可磨度實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)具有很好的可比性，并且具有這樣的優(yōu)勢(shì)，即測(cè)定功指數(shù)所需要的時(shí)間大大減少 The batch-type tests compared

9、 very favourably with the standard grindability test date,the advantage being that less time is required to determine in the work index11. 顎式破碎機(jī)是根據(jù)動(dòng)鄂在樞軸上的懸掛方法分類的12. 大塊原礦截面可以大到1.5m13. 由于給料不足和設(shè)備的機(jī)械問題，通常粗碎機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)的工作時(shí)間只有可利用時(shí)間的75%14. 雙肘板顎式破碎機(jī)的動(dòng)鄂擺動(dòng)運(yùn)動(dòng)受到連桿垂直運(yùn)動(dòng)的影響15. 在破碎速度大于900t/h的礦山，總是選用旋回破碎機(jī) 英譯漢1. the abundanc

10、e of metals in the ocean is related to some extent to the crustal abundancies, 海洋中蘊(yùn)含豐富的金屬，在某種程度上與地殼的風(fēng)度有關(guān)，因?yàn)檫@些金屬來(lái)自于地殼的風(fēng)化2. it is apparent that 顯然，如果含有重要金屬的礦物是均勻的分布于地球，那么他們將如此稀疏的分散開來(lái)，以至于經(jīng)濟(jì)的開采是不可能的3. a particular mineral may 一種特殊的礦物被發(fā)現(xiàn)主要與花崗巖共生在一起或者與巖漿巖或者沉積巖共生在一起，也就是，由于早期的巖石在水，冰與化學(xué)衰變的作用下產(chǎn)生力學(xué)和化學(xué)的風(fēng)化作用而形成的

11、礦床生成的礦物4. A direct liquefaction process 一種直接的碳的液化過程，即伯吉尤斯過程（通過氫化作用達(dá)到液化），也僅僅是在一戰(zhàn)和二戰(zhàn)期間在德國(guó)內(nèi)使用5. Among commercially mature technologies 據(jù)威廉母斯和*在2003年報(bào)告在商業(yè)化成熟的技術(shù)中，間接的碳的液化過程由于直接的碳的液化過程6. All of these liquid fuel 在碳的轉(zhuǎn)化過程中，所有液化燃料的產(chǎn)生方式中所釋放的CO2遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)大于從石油中提取和提煉液態(tài)燃料中所釋放的CO2.7. Estimates are reported for sites in c

12、hina 有報(bào)道估計(jì)在中國(guó)的某些地方碳的液化收支平衡的價(jià)格是每桶油賣到25到35美元8. Combustion of coal 煤的燃燒像其他的任何化石燃料一樣，產(chǎn)生CO2和氮氧化物，并伴隨變化的SO2量，并且SO2的含量取決于煤的產(chǎn)地9. Sulfur dioxide reacts with oxygen SO2和O2反應(yīng)生成SO3，SO3與水反應(yīng)生成硫酸，硫酸又以酸雨的形式返回內(nèi)地10. Jet is a geological material 煤精是一種地質(zhì)材料，并不被認(rèn)為是一種真正的礦物，但可以被認(rèn)為是一種準(zhǔn)礦物，在極端的壓力作用下從腐朽的木材中得到，因此是一種有機(jī)的準(zhǔn)礦物11. As

13、h fusion temperatures 熔融的煤灰溫度是通過高溫熔爐的觀察窗觀察煤灰的一個(gè)模制試樣來(lái)測(cè)定的12. If the ore contains worthwhile 如果礦石中含有大量的多于*的礦物，那么通常情況下對(duì)礦物的分選是礦物加工的目的13. Similarly if undesirable minerals 類似情況下，如果礦石中有可能不需要的礦物存在，就是可能接下來(lái)干涉分選過程的存在，去除他們是必要的14. Apart from economics 除了從經(jīng)濟(jì)方面考慮以外，能量消耗也是極為重要的問題，因?yàn)槭澜缟嫌胸S富的礦物儲(chǔ)備，能夠滿足本世紀(jì)接下來(lái)最普通的金屬需要，但是

14、沒有足夠的能量來(lái)生產(chǎn)這些金屬15. However in the majority of cases 然而在大量的事例中，消耗在熔煉和低品味礦石中的能量是如此的大16. Mineral processing reduces the bulk 17. One of the major objects of comminution 破碎的目標(biāo)之一就是從共生的脈石礦物中在最初的可能粒度級(jí)解離或釋放出有價(jià)值的礦物18. Up till recently it has been直到現(xiàn)在，對(duì)礦物學(xué)家而言，對(duì)這個(gè)問題給出定量答案也是不可能的一種特定的礦石被研磨到何等細(xì)的粒度生產(chǎn)出一種有價(jià)值礦物的解離度 19

15、. During the grinding of 在對(duì)低品位礦石的研磨過程中，脈石礦物的脈體通常在一種相對(duì)較粗的尺寸被解離出來(lái)20. It is often used on minerals這種方法被使用在容易從自由脈石中解離出來(lái)的礦物上，盡管礦物本身在某種程度上與脈石共生在一起、21. The grade(metal content)of ore 采出或加工的礦石的品味（金屬含量）依靠多種因素，一般情況下低品位礦石比高品位礦石處理量要大22. The texture refers to結(jié)構(gòu)指的是有用礦物在礦石中的聚合粒徑和分布狀態(tài)23. The nature of the minerals

16、礦物的性質(zhì)很重要，因?yàn)橛袃r(jià)值的礦物和脈石礦物之間在一些物理性質(zhì)上的顯著差異對(duì)于礦物加工是十分必要的24. Deep mining is expensive compared 深采與露天開采和沖擊作業(yè)相比代價(jià)是昂貴的，僅對(duì)于高品位的礦石才是有利的25. The world is now becoming世界逐漸意識(shí)到資源的有限性與大礦新礦日益增加的開發(fā)成本*26. This is achieved by comminution在分選之前解離靠粉碎來(lái)完成，礦石顆粒粒度逐漸減小，直到礦物的顆粒用現(xiàn)有的方法能解離出來(lái)27. Crushing reduces the particle在破碎原礦石的顆粒減

17、小到一定的水平，以至于研磨能夠順利的實(shí)施直到礦物和脈石作為獨(dú)立的顆粒在大體上被分離出來(lái)28. Duo to this increase 由于表面能的增加，新形成的表面通常具有更高的化學(xué)活性更易于受化學(xué)藥劑的作用等，同時(shí)更容易氧化29. When an irregular particle is當(dāng)一個(gè)不規(guī)則的顆粒被擠壓或者破碎斷裂時(shí)，產(chǎn)品變成兩個(gè)不同的粒度范圍粗顆粒由拉力導(dǎo)致斷裂，細(xì)顆粒來(lái)自載粒附近壓力導(dǎo)致的斷裂或者在突起不分的剪切力導(dǎo)致的斷裂30. Values of operating work 設(shè)備從特定的單元獲得的功指數(shù)的值能夠用來(lái)評(píng)估操作變量的效果，如磨機(jī)的速度，研磨媒介的尺寸以及襯里

18、的類型。功的值越大，研磨的效率越低31. It should be noted that 應(yīng)該注意的是，功的數(shù)值指的是作用在磨機(jī)齒輪軸上的能量，因此發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)輸入能量就不得不轉(zhuǎn)化為發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)和齒輪軸直接連接在一起的磨機(jī)齒輪軸上的能量32. Reasonable values for the work 只要參考礦石和實(shí)驗(yàn)礦石被研磨到相同的產(chǎn)品的粒度。用這種方法可以獲得合理的功指數(shù)的值33. The low efficiency of grinding equipment 就實(shí)際用來(lái)破碎礦石顆粒的能量而言，研磨效率低是研磨機(jī)的共同特征，但是這些設(shè)備存在本質(zhì)的差異 看圖說話1. This is illust

19、rated by Fig.1,which shows a lump of ore which has been reduced to a number of cubes of identical volume and of a size below that of the grains of mineral observed in the original ore sample.It can be seen that each particle produced containing mineral also contains a portion of gangue;complete libe

20、ration has not been attained;the bulk of the major mineral-the gangue-has,however,been liberated from the minor mineral-the value.(P19 Fig.1 locking of mineral and gangue)2. Fig.2 is a cross-section through a typical ore particle,and illustrates effectively the liberation dilemma often facing the mi

21、neral processor.Regions A represent valuable mineral,and region AA is rich in valuable mineral,but is highly intergrown with the gangue mineral.Comminution produces a range of fragments,ranging from fully liberated mineral and gangue particles,to those illustrated.Particles of type 1are rich in mine

22、ral,and are classed as concentrate as they have an acceptable degree of locking with the gangue which limits the concentrate grade.Particle of type 4 would likewise be classed as tailings,the small amount of mineral into the concentrate.Particle of type 2 and 3,however ,would probably be class as mi

23、ddlings,although the degree of regrinding needed to promote economic liberation of mineral from particle 3 would be greater than that in particle 2.(P20 Fig.2 Cross sections of ore particles)3. Most minerals are crystalline materials in which the atoms are regularly arranged in three-dimensional arr

24、ays.The configuration of atoms is determined by the size and types of physical and chemical bonds holding them together.In the crystalline lattice of minerals,these inter-atomic bonds are effective only over small distances,and can be broken if extended by a tensile stress.Such a stresses may be generated by tensile or compressive loading.(P28 Fig.1 s