1、Unit 1-Unit2 Grammar,現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài),現(xiàn)在完成時,主菜單,上一頁,下一頁,現(xiàn)在完成時的構(gòu)成,現(xiàn)在完成時的主要用法,現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語,短暫性動詞與時間段的關(guān)系,have been 與have gone 比較,與一般過去時的用法比較,現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)的基本句型,現(xiàn)在完成時的構(gòu)成,主菜單,上一頁,下一頁,助動詞have (has）+ 過去分詞,過去分詞的構(gòu)成,上一頁,下一頁,ABB,AAA,ABC,主菜單,現(xiàn)在完成時的主要用法,一.表示過去發(fā)生或已完成的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響和結(jié)果。,上一頁,下一頁,He has just turned off the light. (他剛把燈關(guān)

2、了。) 相當于：He turned off the light just now. The light isnt on now. 即關(guān)燈這一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果和影響：現(xiàn)在燈不亮了。,I have already finished my homework. (我已經(jīng)完成了家庭作業(yè)。),主菜單,二.表示從過去某一時刻開始并一直延 續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài),但動作或狀態(tài)可能仍在繼續(xù)。,上一頁,下一頁,She has lived here since she was born. 自從她出生時就一直住在這兒。,I have learnt English for more than ten years.我已

3、經(jīng)學了10多年的英語。,現(xiàn)在完成時的主要用法,主菜單,三.表示人曾有過或到目前為止從未有過的經(jīng)歷.,上一頁,下一頁,Have you ever been to the Summer Palace? (你曾去過頤和園嗎?),I have never had a car. (我從未有過汽車。),現(xiàn)在完成時的主要用法,主菜單,現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語,常與不確定的時間狀語連用，如:already, never, ever, just, yet, before, so far, in the past few years等,表示“到目前為止”所發(fā)生的動作. 還可以和表示一段時間的狀語連用， since,

4、for a long time等.,上一頁,下一頁,主菜單, 一、since Mr. Smith has worked here since 1984. （1984年以來，史密斯先生一直在這工作。） I have known Daniel since 7 years ago. 自從7年前我就認識丹尼爾。 Hes learned about 500 words since he went to college.（他上大學以來大約學了五千個英語單詞）,上一頁,下一頁,主菜單,二、for一段時間 （two weeks/six months/five days）for短語表示動作延續(xù)多長時間 。 He

5、 has taught in this school for four years. （我們認識有二十年了。） I havent seen her for a long time. （我好久沒有見到她了。）,上一頁,下一頁,主菜單,三、just, already, ever， recently，before, never是完成時態(tài)的時間狀語，而just now /a moment ago 是一般過去時的時間狀語。 The train has just arrived. （火車剛到。） Did you see Joan just now? （你剛才看到瓊了嗎？） Have you heard f

6、rom your family recently? （你最近收到家人的來信了嗎？）,上一頁,下一頁,主菜單,短暫性動詞與時間段的關(guān)系,短暫性動詞在肯定句、疑問句中不能與時間段連用，這些動詞是：become, begin, buy, borrow, arrive, come/go, die, fall, finish, get to know, join, leave, marry 等。,上一頁,下一頁,為了表述這種意思，我們常用相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動詞”來代替短暫性動詞.（如下表）,主菜單,borrow keep buy have, arrive be in/at die be dead, stop

7、be over begin/start be on leave be away (from), come /go be in /at, get married be married join be in /a member of,下一頁,上一頁,主菜單,也可以仍用原短暫性動詞，用句型“It is since從句（從句中用一般過去時）” 或用“一般過去時+ ago”這一結(jié)構(gòu)來表述延續(xù)性的動作或狀 態(tài)。,上一頁,下一頁,主菜單,電影開始五分鐘了。 The film has been on for five minutes. It is five minutes since the film beg

8、an The film began five minutes ago. 他入黨五年了。 He has been in the Party for five years. It is five years since he joined the Party. He joined the Party five years ago .,下一頁,上一頁,主菜單,但在否定句中，短暫性動詞可以與時間段連用。 如：I havent bought the bike for a year. 我買這輛自行車還不到一年。 She hasnt come here for an hour. 她來這兒還沒有一個小時。,上

9、一頁,下一頁,主菜單, 翻 譯 練 習： 1.我買了這塊手表五年了。 2.這位老人已經(jīng)死了十年了。,I have bought this watch for five years. I have had this watch for five years/since 5 years ago.,The old man has died for ten years. The old man has been dead for ten years/since 10 years ago.,W,W,下一頁,上一頁,主菜單,3.他已經(jīng)回來三天了。 4.我離開家鄉(xiāng)已十年了。,He has come back

10、 for 3 days. He has been back for 3 days/since 3 days ago.,I have left hometown for 10 years. I have been away from hometown for 10 years.,W,W,下一頁,上一頁,主菜單,have been 與have gone 的用法比較,have been to 意思是“到過，去過”，表示曾經(jīng)到過某處，但現(xiàn)在人不在那兒。 have gone to 意思是“去了”，表示已經(jīng)去了某地，現(xiàn)在人可能在去的途中或已在那兒了。,上一頁,下一頁,主菜單,Has she ever be

11、en to Nanjing? 她曾去過南京嗎？ You have never been there, have you? 你以前從未去過那兒，是嗎？ -Where is she? -She has gone to Nanjing. 她已經(jīng)去南京了。,上一頁,下一頁,主菜單,與一般過去時的用法比較,一.一般過去時表示過去發(fā)生的動作或單純敘述過去的事情，強調(diào)動作發(fā)生在過去，和現(xiàn)在沒有關(guān)系，而現(xiàn)在完成時是表過去發(fā)生的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，強調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在的情況。,上一頁,下一頁,主菜單,二.一般過去時常與具體的時間狀語連用，現(xiàn)在完成時通常與模糊的時間狀語連用，或無時間狀語。 1.一般過去時的時

12、間狀語有: yesterday ,last week,一段時間ago, in 1980（過去時間）, in October ,just now, a moment ago.,上一頁,下一頁,主菜單,eg: The plane took off ten minutes ago.,We finished our task last week .,2.現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語： for, since, ever,just,yet,already等不確定的時間狀語。,上一頁,下一頁,主菜單,eg: They have lived here for ten years.,eg: She has been i

13、n the Reading Club for many years .,eg: I have known Daniel since ten years ago.,eg：He has bought an English-Chinese dictionary. 他已經(jīng)買了一本英漢字典。 He bought an English-Chinese dictionary. 他曾買過一本英漢字典。,上一頁,下一頁, 第一句用現(xiàn)在完成時時態(tài)，意為：“He bought an English-Chinese dictionary. And he still has it” “過去他買了一本英漢字典，現(xiàn)在他還有

14、這本字典” 。,第二句用過去時只敘述過去他買過一本英漢字典這一事實，至于現(xiàn)在他是否有這本字典并未強 調(diào)說明。,主菜單,陳述句肯定形式。主語+ have/has+ 過去分詞+其它 e.g. I have had lunch. 已經(jīng)吃過午飯了。 He has gone to Beijing. 他去北京了。 陳述句否定形式。主語+ have/has+ not+過去分詞+ （在助動詞have/has后+not，可縮寫為havent/hasnt） e.g. I havent had lunch. 我還沒吃午飯 He hasnt gone to Beijing. 他還沒有去北京。,上一頁,下一頁,主菜單,

15、 現(xiàn)在完成時的基本句型,一般疑問句形式及其答語。Have/Has+主語過去分詞 （將助動詞have/has提前，句末加問號） 肯定回答：Yes , 主語 have/has. 否定回答：No , 主語 havent/hasnt. Has he gone to Beijing? 他去過北京了嗎？ Yes, he has./No, he hasnt. 特殊疑問句形式。（疑問詞+一般疑問句） 特詞+ have/has+主語過去分詞？ e.g. Where has he gone? 他去了哪里？,上一頁,下一頁,主菜單,上一頁,現(xiàn)在完成時練習,主菜單,動 詞 填 空： 1._ you already_

16、(clean) the room? Yes, we _(do) that already. When _ you _(do) it? We _(do) it an hour ago.,Have,cleaned,have done,did,do,did,下一頁,上一頁,主菜單,2_ he _(see) this film yet? Yes. When _ he _(see) it? He _ it last week. 3. _you ever _(be) there many times?,4. I _ (read) the novel twice. Its interesting. 5. S

17、he _(go) to Pairs, hasnt she? Yes. 6. How _ she _(go) there yesterday? She _(go) there by air.,have read,has gone,did,go,went,下一頁,上一頁,主菜單,選用 for和 since填空: 1.We havent seen each other _ a long time. 2.His father has been in the Party _ 10 years ago. 3.The film has been on _ 20 minutes. 4.Mr Green has worked here _ he came to China. 5.His grandparents have been dead _ several years. 6. Its five years _ we met la