1、定語(yǔ)從句,1. The girl _ is sitting in the chair is a good singer. 2. The skirt _ Mary bought two years ago is old. 3. Is this the novel _ you introduced to me? 4. Where is the boy _ broke the window? 5. Luckily none of the people_ I know were killed in the earthquake.,who/that,which/that,that/which,who/t

2、hat,who/whom,Attributive Clause（定語(yǔ)從句） 概念 在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語(yǔ)從句.被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞。,He is an English teacher who likes singing songs.,定語(yǔ)從句,先行詞,引導(dǎo)詞,引導(dǎo)詞,關(guān)系代詞 :whowhomthatwhichwhose,關(guān)系副詞:wherewhenwhy,注意： 1 關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞在定語(yǔ)從句中都要 充當(dāng)句子成分。 2 當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞充當(dāng)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略，當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞充當(dāng)介詞的賓語(yǔ)且介詞不在關(guān)系代詞之前的，關(guān)系代詞也可省略。 3 定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要和先行詞保持一

3、致。 4 定語(yǔ)從句分為限制性和非限制性兩種。 5 非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中的關(guān)系詞不可以省略。,關(guān)系詞的作用： 1、連接作用 把主句和從句連接起來(lái) 2、替代作用 在從句中代替在它前面 的先行詞 3、成分作用 在從句中充當(dāng)一個(gè)成分,例 1. The man _ gave you the talk yesterday is our teacher.,that/who,指人: that/who (主語(yǔ)),例2: The boy_ the nurse is looking after is my friend.,(who/whom/that),指人: who/whom/that(賓語(yǔ),可省略),例3: Th

4、e car_ is red was damaged yesterday.,that/which,指物: that/which (主語(yǔ)),例4: The question_ I dont understand is about grammar.,(that/which),指物: that/which (賓語(yǔ),可省略),Titanic is the ship _sank after hitting an iceberg.,which/that,_,Zhang Guorong is a pop star_ died in the fall in March, 2003.,who/that,Beiji

5、ng is the city has got the chance to host the 2008 Olympic Games.,_,the city/ get the chance to host the 2008 Olympic Games,which /that,Ye Xin is a nurse died in the fight against SARS.,a nurse/ die in the fight against SARS,who/that,Which woman is a teacher? The woman who lives next door is a teach

6、er.,1 The woman is a teacher. 2 The woman lives next door.,The boys are from Grade one. The boys are playing basketball.,The boys are from Grade One.,who/that are playing basketball,The boys who/that are from Grade one are playing basketball.,2. The nurse is kind. The nurse looks after my sister.,Th

7、e nurse is kind.,who/that looks after my sister,3. We watched the play “ Teahouse”. The play was written by Lao She.,We watched the play “teahouse”,which/that was written by Lao She.,4.The young man is a famous writer. You saw the young man yesterday.,The young man is a famous writer.,whom/who/that

8、you saw yesterday,5.This is the house. Lu Xun once lived in the house.,This is the house,which/that Lu Xun once lived in.,6. Where is the girl? You talked with her last Sunday.,Where is the girl,who/whom/that you talked with last Sunday?,關(guān)系代詞的用法： 一、由who, whom, whose引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。 who用作主語(yǔ)，whom用作賓語(yǔ)，whose用作定

9、語(yǔ)。whose + n. = the + n.+ of + whom / which This is the man who helped me. The doctor whom you are looking for is in the Room2E,Do you know the man whose name is Wang Yu? Do you know the man the name of whom is Wang Yu ? Mary lives in the house whose roof is red. Mary lives in the house the roof of w

10、hich is red.,Which house is mine?,房頂是棕色的房子是我的。,The house is mine.,whose roof is brown,My house,I know the doctor. His daughter studies abroad.,I know the doctor whose daughter studies abroad.,Have you seen my book? The books cover is red.,Have you seen my book whose cover is red.,1. The student _fat

11、her works in the factory is sitting there. 2. I like the rooms _windows face south. 3.This is the desk _legs were broken.,whose,whose,whose,Yesterday she talked with one woman _ husband died in that accident. A. which B. whose C. of which D. that,B,二、Which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。 which在從句做主語(yǔ)或謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和介詞的賓語(yǔ)。 The buildin

12、g which stands near the river is our school. This is the book (which) you want. The room in which there is a machine is a workshop.,注意： whom, which 作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，介詞一般可放在關(guān)系代詞之前，也可放在原來(lái)的位置上；但是在含有介詞的動(dòng)詞固定詞組中，介詞只能放在原來(lái)的位置上。 This is the person whom you are looking for., which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。 I have lost my pen, which

13、I like very much. She was awarded a gold medal, which the whole family considered a great honor. She is always late for class, which makes the teacher angry.,三、由that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。 that在從句中可以指人或物，在從句中做主語(yǔ)或謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)。 A plane is a machine that can fly. (主語(yǔ)) The letter that I received was from my father.（賓語(yǔ)） 但不能

14、放在介詞后面作介詞的賓語(yǔ)。 This is the school in that you will study. ( ) This is the school in which you will study. () This is the school (which/that) you will study in. (),注意 在下面幾種情況下必須用that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。 先行詞是不定代詞all, few, little, much, something, nothing, anything 等。 All that we have to do is to practise every day.

15、 Something that we heard was of great truth. 當(dāng)先行詞是all, everybody, nobody, anybody等不定代詞時(shí)，如關(guān)系代詞在從句中當(dāng)主語(yǔ)，則優(yōu)先選用who連接主從句。 Anybody who refused to bow was thrown into prison without trial. Everybody who were willing to see the film signed their names here., 先行詞被序數(shù)詞、the last或形容詞的最高級(jí)所修飾。 The first thing that

16、I learned will never be forgotten. This is the most interesting film that I have ever seen. 先行詞被all, any, every, each, few, little, no, some等修飾。 I have read all the books that you gave me., 先行詞被the only, the very 修飾。 This is the very pen that I am looking for. He is the only person that I want to ta

17、lk to. 先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)。 They talked of things and persons that they remembered., 當(dāng)句中已有who 或which時(shí)，為避免重復(fù)。 Who is the man that is talking to John? 如有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，其中一個(gè)已經(jīng)用了which，則另一個(gè)用that. Edison built a factory which produced things that had never been seen.,6. 當(dāng)先行詞為way時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞可以有三種情況: that, in which 或不填。 I don

18、t like the way you talked to your mother.（choose the one that is not proper for this blank） A. that B. which C. in which D. /,B,7. 在 Its time 句型中，后面的從句也可以看成是定語(yǔ)從句，通常有下面幾種句型。 It is (high / about) time that 主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ)（should +v ）/ 過(guò)去式 It is 序數(shù)詞 time that 主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ) (現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)) ( ) It is high time that I _to do t

19、he physics homework. A. go B. wentC. shall go D. have gone ( ) It is the first time _ he has been here. A. thatB. whenC. at whichD. which,B,A,8one of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞+who/which/that +復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ) the (only) one of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞+ who/which/that +單數(shù)謂語(yǔ) She is one of the students who _ praised at the meeting yesterday. A. was B

20、. were C. isD. are He is the only one of the students who _a winner of scholarship for three years. A. is B. areC. have beenD. has been,B,D,四、as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句: as用作關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，并在從句中做主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成the same as, such as等結(jié)構(gòu)。 I want to have such a dictionary as he has. I shall do it in the same way as you d

21、id. I like the same book as you do., as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)。在從句中做主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，這個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)明整個(gè)句子，可以放在主句之前、之中和之后。 The experiment is very important, as indeed it is. As is known to all, he studies very hard. As we all know, China is a developing country. 常用于這種類似插入語(yǔ)的句式有as is said above, as is already mentioned above, as is

22、known to all, as it is, as is often the case, as is reported in the newspaper,注意：which 和 as 的區(qū)別是： which不能放在句首，而as則可以；在句中時(shí)，as有“正如”、“就像”之意，而which 沒(méi)有。 從句的結(jié)構(gòu)為“主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)”時(shí)，as只可以作賓語(yǔ)，不可以做主語(yǔ)，而which 都可以。,鞏固練習(xí)： Finally the thief handed everything _ he had stolen to the police. Which B. whatC. whatever D. that

23、2. He told me all _ he knew. whichB. whatC. that D. how 3. He was very rude to the Customs officer, _ of course made things even worse. who B. whomC. whatD. which,4. Is the river _ through that town very large? which flowsB. flows C. that flowingD. whose flows 5. The most important thing_ we should

24、pay attention to is the first thing _I have said. A. which; that B. that; which C. which; which D. that; that 6. The songs _ she sang in the concert yesterday sounded _ A. /, beautifullyB. that ,wonderfully C. which , wellD./, nice,7. The result of the experiment was very good, _we hadnt expected. A

25、. when B. that C. whichD. what 8. You may keep any _ you find Athat Bwhich Cwhat Dwhom 9. In the dark street, there wasnt a single person_ she could turn for help. to whom B. whoC. from whomD. that 10. The Great Wall is the last place _Mr. smith is going to visit before he leaves Beijing. A. whereB.

26、 which C. / D. what,11.They study in a small classroom _ floor is broken Awhose Bwhich Cwhere Dthat 12. Next Sunday is the only day _ he can spare to join us Athat Bwhich Cwhen Don which 13. He isnt the man _ he used to be Athat Bwhom Cwho Dwhich 14. Please pass me the dictionary _ cover is black Aw

27、hich Bwhich of Cits Dwhose,15.Through practice we can learn a lot _ can not_ from books Awhich；be learned Bthat；learn Cwhich；learn Dthat；be learned,下列每句均有一處錯(cuò)誤，請(qǐng)找出并改正。 1They talked for half an hour of the things and persons who they would deal with a few days later 2Who is the man who was praised at

28、the meeting？ 3Is this the farm where you visited the other day？ 4Is this factory which you visited last week？ 5I want to buy the same dictionary that you have,_,that,_,that,_,that,_,as,4Is this factory which you visited last week？,This is factory which you visited last week.,This factory is which yo

29、u visited last week.,This is the factory which you visited last week.,Is this the factory which you visited last week?,This factory is the one which you visited last week.,Is this factory the one which you visited last week?,關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句：,1、由where引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。 定語(yǔ)從句在修飾一個(gè)表示地點(diǎn)的名詞時(shí),常用where引導(dǎo)。 A book office is

30、 a place where tickets are sold. Where 在從句中做狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)介詞短語(yǔ)。在本句中相當(dāng)于in which，所以此句可以改為： A book office is a place in which tickets are sold. 因此定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系副詞where= 介詞 +which .,This is the house where he lives.,= This is the house _he lives.,= This is the house _he lives in.,in which,(which/that),2、定語(yǔ)從句在修飾一個(gè)表示時(shí)

31、間的名詞時(shí)，常用when 引導(dǎo)。 I still remember the year when we studied together. When在從句中時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，其作用相當(dāng)于一個(gè)“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”,I still remember the year (which/that) we studied in together.,I still remember the year in which we studied together.,3、由why引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。 關(guān)系副詞why 的先行詞只有reason , 在從句中表示原因狀語(yǔ)。 Do you know the reason why I le

32、ft early? Why 在從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)，其作用相當(dāng)于for which .,Do you know the reason _I left early?,但如果關(guān)系詞在從句中不是作狀語(yǔ)，而是作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)仍用that/which . The reason _ he gave us was unacceptable.,for which,that/which,關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的選用。,在定語(yǔ)從句中到底選用關(guān)系代詞還是關(guān)系副詞要看它們?cè)趶木渲兴洚?dāng)?shù)木渥映煞謥?lái)決定，有時(shí)同一個(gè)先行詞往往關(guān)系詞卻不同。,1.This is the factory which / that produces TV sets. This is the factory where my father once worked. (in which),2.Ill never forget the day that / which we spent together in the countryside. Ill never forget the day when his house was broken into. (on which),3. Is this the reason that / which he told you? Is this the reason why he was late f