1、短文改錯(cuò)題方法指導(dǎo)做短文改錯(cuò)題應(yīng)注意以下幾個(gè)步驟： 一、首先通讀短文，初步理解短文大意，同時(shí)改正一些較容易的錯(cuò)誤。短文中的一些句子就其本身來(lái)看，無(wú)法確定劃線部分錯(cuò)在何處，只有通讀全文，了解句子與句子之間的關(guān)系，特別是劃線部分與上下文的關(guān)系，才能找出正確答案。如：“When his mother was out, the telephone rang and Jimmy answered them.”一句中，只有讀懂句中劃線部分指上文中的telephone，才能寫(xiě)出正確答案it。 二、在通讀短文的基礎(chǔ)上，一句一句地仔細(xì)閱讀短文。 （一）從語(yǔ)法分析入手 1)冠詞a; an; the或省冠詞（如不可

2、數(shù)名詞） 2)區(qū)別可數(shù)、不可數(shù)。若是可數(shù)名詞則應(yīng)注意該單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)（且注意復(fù)數(shù)的變化形式是否正確。 3)形、副區(qū)別：判定該形還是副。注意形、副的比較等級(jí)（且注意變化形式）。 4)代詞：區(qū)別人稱主格、賓格。區(qū)別形容詞性物主代詞與名詞性物主代詞。區(qū)別this / that、 these / those、one / ones、it / them。不定代詞（區(qū)別二者與三者；單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)；肯定還是否定） 5)動(dòng)詞： 時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)（主謂一致、動(dòng)詞各種變化形式是否正確）及非謂語(yǔ)形式不定式和動(dòng)名詞。 動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的固定形式（如listen to與listen）。 區(qū)別近義詞（如hear與listen to）。 6)

3、數(shù)詞：判定該基數(shù)詞還是序數(shù)詞（以及序數(shù)詞的變化形式）。 7)介詞：正確區(qū)別、運(yùn)用介詞。 8)連詞：正確區(qū)別、運(yùn)用連詞。 （二）從句子結(jié)構(gòu)判定所用詞是否恰當(dāng)（重點(diǎn)從句子成分的角度著手，該用何詞性）。 （三）注意固定搭配（如the way to ）。 三、用改正后的答案代替相應(yīng)的劃線部分，從頭到尾反復(fù)閱讀短文，驗(yàn)證改正的答案是否正確。中考英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)考點(diǎn)詳解及真題解析一.中考英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)考點(diǎn)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞錯(cuò)誤非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞包括不定式、分詞、動(dòng)名詞3種形式。如：(1) In 1943 Jacques Coustean and his friend made it possible by invent the

4、 scuba machine. (杭州市中考題)說(shuō)明invent改為inventing，inventing是動(dòng)名詞，作介詞by的賓語(yǔ)。(2) Many people like travel by air， but Jims family think that traveling by train is the best. (杭州市中考題)說(shuō)明travel改為to travel或traveling，不定式或動(dòng)名詞作動(dòng)詞like的動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)。(3) Many countries began look for ways to go into space. (廣元市中考題)說(shuō)明look改為looking

5、或to look，不定式或動(dòng)名詞作動(dòng)詞began的動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)(4) School children walked with their shirts，coasts and anything else they could find pull up over their noses. (蘇州市中考題)說(shuō)明pull改為pulled，“with+賓語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)作伴隨狀語(yǔ)，with結(jié)構(gòu)中賓語(yǔ)與動(dòng)詞之間是邏輯被動(dòng)關(guān)系。(5) The people of the desert have to keep move from place to place. (重慶市中考題)說(shuō)明move改為movin

6、g，keep doing sth有“繼續(xù)做某事”的意思。二. 中考英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)考點(diǎn)比較等級(jí)錯(cuò)誤(1) It is much cheap and far more enjoyable than a rushed trip by air. (杭州市中考題)說(shuō)明cheap改為 cheaper， much， far， still， a little， a bit修飾形容詞或副詞的比較級(jí)，加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣。(2) They made people healthier and live long. (廣元市中考題)說(shuō)明long改為比較級(jí)形式longer，與healthier是平行結(jié)構(gòu)。形容詞、副詞的誤用主要指形容

7、詞，副詞的混用。(3) Scientists wanted to see how good their bodies worked when they had different things.說(shuō)明good改為well，well作副詞，修飾動(dòng)詞worked.(4) By this time most people had a very well life. (廣元市中考題)說(shuō)明well改為good， good作形容詞，修飾名詞life.三. 中考英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)考點(diǎn)句法錯(cuò)誤1. 并列連詞的混用(1) The world was known to man and the universe was n

8、ot. (廣元市中考題)說(shuō)明根據(jù)行文邏輯，表示并列關(guān)系的and 應(yīng)改為表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的but.(2) Coustean was very interested in diving deep into the sea， but wanted to be an explorer. (杭州市中考題)說(shuō)明根據(jù)行文邏輯，表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的but 應(yīng)改為表示并列關(guān)系的and.(3) They would never refuse to help people in trouble， but they would give them food and water. (重慶市中考題)說(shuō)明根據(jù)行文邏輯，表示表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)

9、系的but 應(yīng)改為表示并列關(guān)系的and.(4) He has been to many interesting places in Beijing， and he has not yet been to many other parts of China. (杭州市中考題)說(shuō)明根據(jù)行文邏輯，表示并列關(guān)系的and 應(yīng)改為表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的but.(5) “So something must be done to keep the air nice or clean，” said the scientists. (蘇州市中考題)說(shuō)明根據(jù)行文邏輯，表示選擇關(guān)系的or 應(yīng)改為表示并列關(guān)系的and.(6)

10、“ I know only a chicken is too little for a kings evening meal. But I have brought a wolf for you besides the chicken.” (郴州市中考題)說(shuō)明根據(jù)行文邏輯，表示表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的But 應(yīng)改為表示因果關(guān)系的So.2. 連接詞的用法錯(cuò)誤這類錯(cuò)誤考查句子與句子之間的關(guān)系。連接詞的使用錯(cuò)誤往往會(huì)使句子的邏輯關(guān)系發(fā)生改變，甚至造成句子的語(yǔ)義邏輯混亂。要想把這類錯(cuò)誤糾正出來(lái)， 需要考生對(duì)上下文有總體的理解，頭腦中有個(gè)大概的框架。如：(1) They had a wonderful train

11、 ride to Chengdu after they went on to Mount Emei by bus. (杭州市中考題)說(shuō)明根據(jù)句子的意思將after改為before，表示“他們坐汽車(chē)去峨眉山之前，愉快地坐火車(chē)先到了成都”。(2) The result is that they eat a light breakfast， they will work better. (鎮(zhèn)江市中考題)說(shuō)明在 that 后增加if 或when .在表語(yǔ)從句that if / when they eat a light breakfast， they will work better中，包含有if或w

12、hen引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句，修飾句子they will work better.句子翻譯成：(實(shí)驗(yàn)) 結(jié)果是如果他們少量地吃點(diǎn)早餐，會(huì)工作得更出色。(3) Its different from how people think. (鎮(zhèn)江市中考題)說(shuō)明將how 改為what，what people think是一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句，疑問(wèn)代詞what在從句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)，有“的”之意。四. 中考英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)考點(diǎn)時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤1. 時(shí)態(tài)考點(diǎn)錯(cuò)誤時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤幾乎是短文改錯(cuò)中必設(shè)的改錯(cuò)題類。要有目的地去檢查文中的每一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)與上下文、語(yǔ)境以及該句的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)是否相符和一致。如：(1) “You are my young

13、er brother. You had it at first.” (郴州市中考題)說(shuō)明had 改為have，因?yàn)檫@是一個(gè)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)的句子。(2) Last week he goes to Mount Emei in Sichuan Province with his family. (杭州市中考題)說(shuō)明goes改為went，與一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)last week保持一致。(3) Not too long ago， people cant go scuba diving on Hainan Island， or anywhere else. (杭州市中考題)說(shuō)明cant 改為couldn

14、t，與一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)not too long ago保持一致。2. 語(yǔ)態(tài)考點(diǎn)錯(cuò)誤漢語(yǔ)表達(dá)習(xí)慣上有時(shí)不加“被”字也能表示被動(dòng)意義，因而有些考生對(duì)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)不敏感。如：(1) “Many thousands of trees must be plant every year，” he said. (安徽省中考題)說(shuō)明plant改為planted，構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。(2) “Sand can be sweeping into the air when there is a drought” (蘇州市中考題)說(shuō)明sweeping改為swept，構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。(3) He also was liked

15、 to make videos.說(shuō)明將was刪去，因?yàn)檫@不是一個(gè)被動(dòng)句。五. 中考英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)考點(diǎn)一致性錯(cuò)誤1. 主謂一致句子的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)上不一致是改錯(cuò)題型中最為常見(jiàn)的。如：(1) This were because there was no machine allowing a person to breathe under water for a long time. (杭州市中考題)說(shuō)明指示代詞this作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，因此將were改為was.(2) The desert people is friendly. (重慶市中考題)說(shuō)明people作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須用復(fù)

16、數(shù)，因此將is改為are.2. 名詞單、復(fù)數(shù)與其修飾詞或上下文保持一致名詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)與其修飾詞語(yǔ)或上下文不一致也是中考常設(shè)的改錯(cuò)題。做這類題目時(shí)要注意名詞是否與其修飾語(yǔ)一致。如：(1) The animals are useful to the desert people in many way. (重慶市中考題)說(shuō)明名詞way改為ways，與前面的修飾詞many一致。(2) As he explored the sea， he took pictures and videos of many thing that people had never seen before. (杭州市中考題)說(shuō)

17、明thing改為things，與前面的修飾詞many一致。有的名詞一般不用復(fù)數(shù)形式，但受到某些量詞，如many， several， a number of， a variety of等修飾時(shí)，要變成復(fù)數(shù)形式。(3) They were given kinds of breakfast， and sometimes they got no breakfast at all. (鎮(zhèn)江市中考題)說(shuō)明修飾語(yǔ)kinds of常修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞，所以breakfast應(yīng)改為breakfasts.表示事物類別時(shí)，名詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。(4) School child walked with their shirts，

18、 coats and anything else they could find pulled up over their nose. (蘇州市中考題)說(shuō)明child改為children，表示名詞類別“學(xué)生”;nose改成noses，與限定詞their保持一致。(5) The middle part of the 20th century brought new ways to help people get over disease. (廣元市中考題)說(shuō)明disease改為diseases，表示名詞類別“疾病”。3. 代詞與其修飾的名詞或其先行詞保持一致(1) Too many trees

19、have been cut this years. (蘇州市中考題)說(shuō)明this改為these， 與后面的復(fù)數(shù)名詞years保持一致。(2) They use camels for carrying water， food， tents and another things. (重慶市中考題)說(shuō)明another改為other， 因?yàn)閍nother常修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞。代詞的主要功能是指代前面出現(xiàn)過(guò)的名詞、詞組或一個(gè)意群，因此代詞一定要同它所指代的詞在單復(fù)數(shù)、格或人稱上保持一致，這是代詞改錯(cuò)的核心。(3) He bought a ship and used them to explore unde

20、r the sea. (杭州市中考題)說(shuō)明them改為it，指代前面的單數(shù)名詞a ship.六. 中考英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)考點(diǎn)固定搭配錯(cuò)誤(1) When there is not more food for their animals， they move to another place. (重慶市中考題)說(shuō)明not改為no， 固定詞組no more表示“不再”的意思。(2) Its because you become very hungry at noon that you eat too much for lunch. (鎮(zhèn)江市中考題)說(shuō)明very改為so，so+形容詞 / 副詞+that結(jié)

21、果狀語(yǔ)從句。(3) This was because there was no machine allowing a person to breathe under water for long time. (杭州市中考題)說(shuō)明for long time改為for a long time，表示“一段時(shí)間”。(4) Coustean was very interested on diving deep into the sea， 說(shuō)明on改為 in，固定詞組be interested in表示“在(方面)有興趣”。這是一個(gè)介詞(固定搭配) 方面的錯(cuò)誤，介詞的誤用主要指介詞與動(dòng)詞、形容詞、名詞的搭

22、配、介詞慣用詞組等方面產(chǎn)生的錯(cuò)誤。如：(5) On my way home， I found an old man walking in the front of me. (婁底市中考題)說(shuō)明介詞短語(yǔ)in the front of 表示“在的前部”，而in front of 則表示“在的前面”。(6) We visited him at his workplace between the young trees and asked him about his work. (安徽省中考題)說(shuō)明between改為among， between表示“兩者之間”， 而among則表示“三者或三者以上之中

23、”。(7) And he ran slowly that he couldnt catch it. (婁底市中考題)說(shuō)明在ran與slowly兩詞之間加so.七. 中考英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)考點(diǎn)易混詞錯(cuò)誤1. 混淆詞性的錯(cuò)誤詞性錯(cuò)誤主要表現(xiàn)在形容詞、名詞、副詞的誤用上?？忌鲞@類改錯(cuò)題，要根據(jù)詞在句中所處的位置來(lái)確定其詞性是否正確。一般說(shuō)來(lái)，形容詞修飾名 詞，副詞修飾動(dòng)詞，副詞修飾形容詞。如：(1) The animals are use to the desert people in many ways. (重慶市中考題)說(shuō)明use改為useful，useful是形容詞，作表語(yǔ)。(2) The des

24、ert people are friend. (重慶市中考題)說(shuō)明friend改為friendly，friendly是形容詞，作表語(yǔ)。2. 混淆詞義的錯(cuò)誤英語(yǔ)中有很多詞在拼寫(xiě)上、語(yǔ)義上很相似，但是它們的用法卻迥然不同。如：(1) They must always watch for grass or desert plants for their animals. (重慶市中考題)說(shuō)明watch 改為look.兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞都表示“看”的意思，但前者表示“很注意地”看，后者與介詞for 連用有“尋找”之意。(2) We visited him at his workplace among the y

25、oung trees and told him about his work. (安徽省中考題)說(shuō)明told改為asked.根據(jù)上下文，用asked“詢問(wèn)”更合適。(3) The wind was blowing so hardly. (婁底市中考題)說(shuō)明hardly改為hard，這兩個(gè)詞詞形很接近，但它們表達(dá)的是不同的意思，hardly是否定副詞，有“幾乎不”的意思，而hard 則表示“猛烈地”之意。(4) We know that the first part of the 20th century saw more large inventions： the helicopter in

26、1909， movies with sound in 1926， the computer in 1928 and the jet plane in 1930. (廣元市中考題)說(shuō)明large改為great.large表示 “(體積) 大”，而great則有“偉大的”的意思。3. 混淆用法的錯(cuò)誤還有一些在意義，概念上容易混淆、用錯(cuò)的詞，如：such 與so， ago與before， as與like， many 與much等。如：(1) Too much trees have been cut these years， making the sandstorm problem worse. (蘇

27、州市中考題)說(shuō)明much改為many，前者常用來(lái)修飾不可數(shù)名詞，后者修飾可數(shù)名詞。八. 中考英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)考點(diǎn)時(shí)態(tài)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)要與時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或上下文的時(shí)態(tài)保持一致。例1：The time passes quickly. Evening came. So all of us went home.分析：第二句動(dòng)詞came 及下文其他動(dòng)詞的形式表示此處時(shí)態(tài)為一般過(guò)去時(shí)，所以passes應(yīng)改為passed.例2：Last Sunday， police cars hurry to the tallest building in New York.分析：Last Sunday表明該句應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，所以hurr

28、y應(yīng)改為hurried.例3：Today it is much easier to be healthy than it is in the past.分析：in the past表示過(guò)去時(shí)間，is應(yīng)改為was.例4：I use to play ping-pong a lot in my spare time， but now I am interested in football.分析：從“but now”的邏輯性可看出，“現(xiàn)在我對(duì)足球感興趣，打乒乓球是在過(guò)去”，所以u(píng)se應(yīng)改為used.九. 中考英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)考點(diǎn)主謂一致與平行結(jié)構(gòu)一、主謂一致謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式要與句子的主語(yǔ)保持一致。例1

29、：Anyone may borrow books， and it cost nothing to borrow them.分析：it為單數(shù)，且根據(jù)句子前面的時(shí)態(tài)可知為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，所以cost應(yīng)改為costs.例2：Now my picture and the prize is hanging in the library.分析：my picture and the prize為復(fù)數(shù)，所以is應(yīng)改為are.二、平行結(jié)構(gòu)在表達(dá)相互平行的概念時(shí)，要使用相同的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)，即動(dòng)詞與動(dòng)詞相配，形容詞與形容詞相配，分詞與分詞相配，不定式與不定式相配。平行結(jié)構(gòu)常借助 于and， but， or， not onl

30、ybut also 等連詞。例如：There is no water and air on the moon.分析：在否定句中，并列成分的列舉用 or 不用 and.故將 and 改為 or.例2：Li Ping is too young that he cant join the army.分析：sothat 意為“如此以致”，為固定句式，故將too改為so.例3：It was very kind of them to meet me at the railway station and drove me to their home.分析：根據(jù)and的對(duì)稱性原則，應(yīng)將drove改為drive

31、，與前面的meet一致。十. 中考英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)考點(diǎn)介詞考點(diǎn)介詞在單句改錯(cuò)中主要考查介詞與動(dòng)詞或副詞的誤用，以及在固定結(jié)構(gòu)和習(xí)慣用法中的多余與遺漏。例如：例1：There are too many people among my family.分析：among后應(yīng)接復(fù)數(shù)名詞，而family為單數(shù)名詞，所以among應(yīng)改為in.例2：We do not seem to get much time to talk about together.分析：talk后邊無(wú)賓語(yǔ)，所以應(yīng)刪去 about.例3：I wanted to thank you for have me in your home for

32、the Summer holidays.分析：for為介詞，后接動(dòng)名詞，have應(yīng)改為having.例4：So Im really sorry that I wont be able to come in this time.分析：this time為習(xí)慣用法，前邊不可加介詞，故應(yīng)去掉in.十一. 中考英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)考點(diǎn)連詞考點(diǎn)連詞使用不當(dāng)會(huì)造成上下句不銜接。英語(yǔ)中連詞按其性質(zhì)可分為并列連詞和從屬連詞。若句子為復(fù)合句，首先判斷是何種從句，然后根據(jù)主從句之間的關(guān) 系判斷連接詞使用是否準(zhǔn)確，是否有遺漏或多余現(xiàn)象;若句子為并列句則要判斷句與句之間的關(guān)系是并列、轉(zhuǎn)折、選擇、遞進(jìn)還是讓步關(guān)系。例如：例1：

33、The food was very expensive and the service was good.分析：前后語(yǔ)境為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，所以and 應(yīng)改為but.例2：It was about noon we arrived at the foot of the mountain.分析：認(rèn)真分析語(yǔ)境可知該句句意為：當(dāng)我們到達(dá)山腳時(shí)大約已是正午。顯然noon后應(yīng)加連詞when來(lái)引導(dǎo)一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。例3：She was smiling but nodding at me.分析：smiling， nodding為遞進(jìn)式并列關(guān)系，而不是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，所以but應(yīng)改為and.例4：It looks as if

34、 my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest.分析：該句句意為：看起來(lái)我的父母親把我當(dāng)成了參觀者或客人了，所以and應(yīng)改為or，表“或者”，屬選擇性邏輯關(guān)系。十二. 中考英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)考點(diǎn)形容詞與副詞考點(diǎn)在單句改錯(cuò)中，形容詞和副詞的設(shè)錯(cuò)主要用來(lái)考查考生是否能根據(jù)形容詞、副詞在句中的位置及其他詞的修飾與被修飾關(guān)系來(lái)判斷詞的正確使用形式，是 否能辨別形容詞和副詞的混淆使用，形容詞的比較等級(jí)是否使用正確等。例如：例 1：Im sure well have a wonderfully time together.分析：time 為名詞，應(yīng)用形容詞修飾，所以

35、wonderfully 應(yīng)改為 wonderful.例2：No one worries much about the radio programs young people listen to，although radios can be very noise.分析：be 為連系動(dòng)詞，應(yīng)用形容詞修飾，所以 noise 應(yīng)改為 noisy.例 3：He is taller than any student in his class.分析：同一范圍內(nèi)，形容詞的比較級(jí)必須把自己排除掉，即自己不能與自己相比，故需在 any 后加 other.例4：This box is very heavier than that one.分析：比較級(jí)前面一般不能用very，so，too，quite等作修飾詞，但為了表示比較級(jí)的程度，可以用much，a lot，a little，a bit，even，still等作修飾詞，所以將句中的very去掉或?qū)⑵涓臑閙uch等。十三. 中考英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)考點(diǎn)代詞考點(diǎn)代詞的錯(cuò)