液壓支架分級分布式微機(jī)電磁閥液壓控制系統(tǒng)摘要以集散型控制理論為基礎(chǔ)，論述了綜采工作面液壓支架分級分布式微機(jī)電液控制系統(tǒng)的原理，給出了液壓支架的3種控制模型，設(shè)計了以MCS-51單片機(jī)為核心的液壓支架控制器，進(jìn)行了控制器的硬件設(shè)計和軟件調(diào)試。關(guān)鍵詞集散型控制系統(tǒng)；液壓支架；單片機(jī)中圖分類號TP273；TD355.4ADistributedComputerControlSystemofMiningHydraulicSupportMaChunyanLiGengxinYangJiankang(CollegeofInformationEngineeringofTUT)(JinChengMiningBureau)AbstractThispaperpresentstheprinciplesofdistributedcomputercontrolsystemofmininghydraulicsupportforthecoalfacewithcomplexcuttingequipmentonthebasisofthedistributedcomputercontroltheory.Threecontrolmodesofthehydraulicsupportaresuppliedinthepaper.ItalsodealswiththedesignofthehydraulicsupportcontrollerwiththepricipalpartofaMCS-51singlechipcomputer.Inaddition,thehardwarecircuitsdesignandsoftwareprogramadjustmentofthecontrollerarealsomentionedinthepaper.Keywordsdistributedcomputercontrolsystem；hydraulicsupport；singlechipmicrocomputer采煤工作面綜合機(jī)械化設(shè)備CCME(CoalfaceComplexMechanicalEquipements),主要由采煤機(jī)、液壓支架和刮板運輸機(jī)(俗稱煤溜子)等設(shè)備組成。液壓支架是綜合機(jī)械化采煤工作面的主要設(shè)備之一，它分散布置在整個采煤工作面上。一個工作面一般裝備100架左右或更多的液壓支架。為了有效地提高綜采工作面的生產(chǎn)效率和管理水平，本文以集散型控制系統(tǒng)DCCS(DistributedComputerControlSystems)理論為基礎(chǔ)，設(shè)計了液壓支架分級分布式微機(jī)電液控制系統(tǒng)。中文摘要課題根據(jù)當(dāng)前綜合機(jī)械化采煤工作面所采用支護(hù)方式暴露出來的問題，提出采用自移式超前支護(hù)液壓支架對綜放面端頭進(jìn)行超前支護(hù)；考慮到現(xiàn)今液壓支架生產(chǎn)企業(yè)在產(chǎn)品開發(fā)過程中存在的種種弊端，提出將虛擬樣機(jī)技術(shù)應(yīng)用到液壓支架的設(shè)計開發(fā)中。在支架投入生產(chǎn)之前在計算機(jī)上仿真和修改數(shù)字樣機(jī)，縮短了研發(fā)周期，提高了產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量，減少了由于制造物理樣機(jī)而增加的成本。本課題也為其他機(jī)械產(chǎn)品的開發(fā)提供了一個成功的范例。課題介紹了虛擬樣機(jī)技術(shù)、國內(nèi)外液壓支架的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r以及利用虛擬樣機(jī)技術(shù)進(jìn)行自移式超前支架開發(fā)的意義；介紹了自移式超前支架的結(jié)構(gòu)特點、承載原理以及應(yīng)用MALTAB語言編寫M文件的方式自動計算出自移式超前支架的主要技術(shù)參數(shù)；介紹了自移式超前支架液壓控制系統(tǒng)的特點和常用的液壓基本回路，設(shè)計出自移式超前支架的液壓控制系統(tǒng)，提出基于虛擬樣機(jī)技術(shù)的液壓控制系統(tǒng)的實現(xiàn)方法。在UG-NX環(huán)境下完成了自移式超前支架零部件的三維造型設(shè)計并采用自底向上的裝配方式，完成了支架的虛擬裝配，查找設(shè)計不合理的因素，計算出自移式超前支架的質(zhì)量、體積、轉(zhuǎn)動慣量等物理特性，并且完成了從3D實體模型圖到2D工程圖的生成。將零部件的3D模型按照Parasolid標(biāo)準(zhǔn)輸出“.x_t”文件，為ANSYS進(jìn)行有限元分析做準(zhǔn)備。介紹了有限元法的基本原理及其求解步驟，在研究CAE技術(shù)和CAD技術(shù)之間的數(shù)據(jù)傳輸?shù)幕A(chǔ)上，提出利用ANSYS和UG-NX的數(shù)據(jù)接口，將UG-NX環(huán)境下輸出的“.x_t”文件導(dǎo)入ANSYS環(huán)境下，進(jìn)行網(wǎng)格劃分、約束加載求解、后處理，完成自移式超前支架主要承載部件（如頂梁等）的應(yīng)變、應(yīng)力分析，根據(jù)零部件在承載狀態(tài)下變形量的大小驗證零部件的設(shè)計是否合理。外文摘要Thethesisraisesdesigningtheautomaticadvancedhydraulicbrackettosupporttheterminaloftheworkingfieldsaccordingtotheproblemsexposedtothesupportingmethodnowadaysbeingusedinmechanizedcoalcutting.Consideringthehydraulicbracketcompanyhasmanymaladiesduringthedevelopmentoftheproducts,ThethesisraisesadoptingVirtualPrototypingtodesigntheproduct.Bysimulationandmodifyingdigitalprototypingoncomputerbeforeproduct,wecanreducethecostsandshortenthedesignintervalandimprovethequalityoftheproducts.Thethemealsoprovidesasuccessfulparadigmforthedesignofothermachineryproducts.ThethesisintroducesVirtualPrototypingtechnology,developmentofthehydraulicsupportsandthesignificanceofdesigningautomaticadvancedbracketbasedonVirtualPrototypingtechnology.Thethesisintroducesthestructurefeaturesofthebracket,theprincipleforenduringtheloadandinstructsamethodofcountingkeytechnologyparametersusingMATLABtoeditMfiles.Thefeaturesandthefundamentalcircuitofthehydrauliccontrollingsystemarealsoinstructed,andthehydrauliccontrollingsystemoftheautomaticadvancedbracketisdesigned,puttingforwardthemethodofemulatingbasedontheVirtualPrototypingtechnology.Thethesisachievesthreedimensiondesignforthepartsofthebracket,andcompletesvirtualassembleusingBottom-Upassembly,checkingirrationalfactorsinthedesign,countingthequality,volumeandtheretaryinertiaoftheassemblysolidandcreatingengineeringdrawingfrom3Dmodelto2DviewinUG-NX.“.x_t”filesofthe3DmodelsareexportedbyParasolidstandardandmakereadyfortheanalysisusingANSYSsoftware.ThethesisinstructstheprinciplefortheFEAandsolvingsteps,putforwardthemethodofguidingthe“.x_t”fileintoANSYSconditionsbasedontheinvestigationoftheinterfacebetweentheCAEtechnologyandCADtechnology,makinganalysisofstressandstrainforthemainloadingparts(ef.upperbeam,etc)oftheautomaticadvancedbracketbymeshing,loading-solvingandpostprocessing,andverifyingtheresultofthedesignofthepartsinloadingconditionsaccordingtothestrain.高強(qiáng)度結(jié)構(gòu)鋼的焊接試驗及液壓支架有限元分析/THEWELDINGEXPERIMENTSOFHIGHSTRENGTHSTRUCTURALSTEELANDTHEFINITEELEMENTSTRENHTHANLYSISOFFLUIDPOWERBEARER中文摘要本文對抗拉強(qiáng)度為800高強(qiáng)鋼WH80的焊接性能進(jìn)行了研究，實驗數(shù)據(jù)表明高強(qiáng)鋼WH80可以用于支架設(shè)計。初步總結(jié)了一套焊接工藝，包括預(yù)熱溫度的確定、低強(qiáng)度匹配的可行性、焊接速度的選取以及線能量的確定等，這些研究方法與手段可以直接用于生產(chǎn)實踐。對支架整架結(jié)構(gòu)件裝配體進(jìn)行了應(yīng)力分析，建立了具體的分析模型，對于外載荷的處理、邊界條件的確定提出了具體的處理方法，建立了完整的支架簡化結(jié)構(gòu)模型。通過研究，可以得出如下結(jié)論：(1)高強(qiáng)鋼WH80屬于低焊接冷裂紋敏感性鋼，可用作支架設(shè)計板材。(2)WH80鋼可以選用比母材強(qiáng)度低的焊接材料J707RH進(jìn)行焊接，以使接頭強(qiáng)度與母材強(qiáng)度等強(qiáng)。(3)預(yù)熱溫度的確定除考慮材料化學(xué)成份外，還應(yīng)考慮到晶向組織的變化。對于WH8O高強(qiáng)鋼為防止脆化，預(yù)熱溫度應(yīng)選定在120左右。(4)支架在頂梁偏載工況下受力狀況最為惡劣，表現(xiàn)為支架頂梁、斜梁、前后連桿和底座等處都有較大的應(yīng)力分布。(5)最高VonMises應(yīng)力分布表現(xiàn)為區(qū)域性、局部性的存在，在實際設(shè)計中應(yīng)考慮在該區(qū)域施以高強(qiáng)度板材，而無需整架采用高強(qiáng)度板材，以節(jié)省支架成本。外文摘要Thistopicresearchcontentwas800hightensilesteelWH80weldingperformanceconductstheresearchtothetensilestrength,theempiricaldatumhadindicatedhightensilesteelWH80wasallowedtouseinthesupportdesign.Thistopicresearchinitiallysummarizedsetofweldingscrafts,includingthepreheatingtemperaturedetermination,thelowintensitymatchfeasibility,theweldingspeedselectionaswellasthelineenergyindeedgrades,theseresearchtechniquesandthemethodmaydirectlyuseintheproductionpractice.Hascarriedonthestressanalysistothesupportentireframestructuralelementassemblybody,hasestablishedtheconcreteanalysismodel,regardingoutsideloadprocessing,theboundaryconditiondeterminationproposedtheconcreteprocessingmethod,establishedtheintegritysupporttosimplifythestructuralmodel.Throughtheresearch,wemaydrawfollowingconclusion:(1)HightensilesteelWH80belongstothelowweldingcoldcracksensitivesteelandmayserveasthesupportdesignplate.(2)TheWH80steelmayselectcomparedtoparentmetalintensitylowweldingmaterialJ707RHcarriesonthewelding,causestheattachmentintensityandtheparentmetalintensityandsoonisstrong.(3)Preheatingtemperaturedeterminationbesidesconsiderationmaterialchemicalcomposition,butalsoshouldconsiderthecrystaltoorganizationschange.ForpreventstheembrittlementregardingtheWH8Ohightensilesteel,thepreheatingtemperatureshoulddesignateabout120.(4)Thesupportcarriesundertheoperatingmodeinthetop-beamthestressconditiontobeworst,displaysforthesupporttop-beam,Slopingbeams,aroundtheconnectingrodandthefoundationandsoonplaceallhasthebiggerstressdistribution.(5)HighestVontheMisesstressdistributionperformancefortheregionalcharacteristic,thepartialexistence,intheactualdesignshouldconsiderserveswiththehighstrengthplateinthisregion,butneednottheentireframetousethehighstrengthplate,savesthesupportcost.現(xiàn)代煤礦高效工作面的關(guān)鍵設(shè)備液壓支架,是煤礦實現(xiàn)采煤、運輸和支護(hù)等所有工序全部機(jī)械化的重要環(huán)節(jié)。結(jié)合多年的液壓支架制造經(jīng)驗,分析了液壓支架標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化現(xiàn)狀及弊端,進(jìn)而對液壓支架標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的實施途徑提出了建議,以期對推動液壓支架標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的進(jìn)程有所裨益【英文摘要】Thehydraulicsupportisthekeyequipmentintodayshighproductionfacesunderground,itisimportanttachetorealizethemechanisationofallprocessincludingmining,transportandshoringetc.Combiningyearsexperienceofthehydraulicsupportproduction,authoranalysedhydraulicsupportstandardizationpresentsituationandabuse,andthenmadesuggestionabouttheimplementchannelofhydraulicsupportstandardization,inordertoforpromotetheprocessofhydraulicsupportstandardizationbenifit.在詳細(xì)分析液壓支架初撐力與直接頂相互作用機(jī)理的基礎(chǔ)上,對支架合理初撐力的確定進(jìn)行了分析研究,并提出了合理支架初撐力的確定方法?！居⑽恼縊nthebasisofanalysisofthereciprocitymechanismoforiginalpressureanddirectroof,theauthoranalyzesthesettingmethodsofappropriateoriginalpressureofpoweredsupportisputforwardfinally.綜合分析了國產(chǎn)液壓支架與國外先進(jìn)國家支架間在技術(shù)性能、控制系統(tǒng)、元件制造以及工作介質(zhì)等諸方面的差異,設(shè)計了以插裝閥為控制元件的液壓系統(tǒng),研究了以水為工作介質(zhì)的支架液壓元件制造技術(shù)?！居⑽恼縏hepapergivesasyntheticanalysistothedifferencebetweenhomemadehydraulictimberingandimportedonefromadvancedcountryontechnic