科普知識與現(xiàn)代技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)鞏固.單句語法填空1TheInternethasenabledus(know) andunderstandthewholeworldmuchbetter.2However，someofscientificinventionshaveevencausedgreatharmmankind.3Therapiddevelopmentofscienceandtechnology(bring) aboutgreatchangestohumanlifesofar.4Iwilltellyou(direct) thatscientistsarethosewhopromotethesocialprogress.5In18thcentury，the(invent) ofthesteamengineledtothefirstIndustrialRevolution.6Weneedtoacceptthefactthatthesemoderninventionshavebroughtmuch(convenient) tous.7Incontrast，thisconditionjustindicatesthatourlifeisconnectedmoderninventionsclosely.8WhyIsayitnormalisbecauseIbelievethatnothingis(absolute) goodandrightforus.9Exceptforthemoderninventionsoftransport，thereareplentyofotherthings，(include) robots.10Wecandomanythingsthatwedidnthavetheabilitytodointhepastby(use) robots.單句改錯(每小題僅有1處錯誤)11Therobotswillbedesignedtolooklikepeopletomakethemattractiveandeasiertoselltothepublic.12Acomputernetworkallowsuserstoshareresourcesincludingequipmentsandinformation.13Butsomeonepointsoutitsdisadvantages，forexamples，ithassomuchjunkinformationthatbotherusalot.14Ifourgovernmentdoitwell，IfullbelievethattheInternetwillprovidemoreconvenienceforus.15Themoderntransportbenefitsourlife，thoughsomepeoplealsocriticizeitsothereremanyaccidents.16Actually，robotsofreallifealsohavedifferentkindsoffunctionsandtheygivetousmuchhelp.17Weliveinanagewhichmoreinformationisavailablewithgreatereasethaneverbefore.18Thenewtechnology，ifapplyingtoricegrowing，willhelpincreasethegrainoutput.19Hethoughtthatthekeytofeedpeoplewastohavemorericeandtoproduceitmorequickly.20Iwanttointroduceoneofthemostinfluentialmoderninventioninourlifethecomputernetwork.話題詞匯1advantage n優(yōu)勢2artificial adj.人造的，人工的3negative effect負(fù)面影響4breakthrough n突破5surf the Internet上網(wǎng)6explore v探索7convenience n方便8with the development of.隨著的發(fā)展9change ones life改變某人的生活10drawback n缺點，不利條件能力提升.閱讀理解A(2018遼寧葫蘆島一模)AccordingtoanewresearchfromtheUniversityofCambridgeinEngland，sheepareabletorecognizehumanfacesfromphotographs.Thefarmanimals，whoaresocialandhavelargebrains，werepreviouslyknowntobeabletorecognizeoneanother，aswellasfamiliarhumans.However，theirabilitytorecognizehumanfacesfromphotosaloneisnovel.Therecentstudy，theresultsofwhichwerepublishedinthejournalRoyalSocietyshowedthatthewoollycreaturescouldbetrainedtorecognizestillimagesofhumanfaces，includingthoseofformerPresidentBarackObamaandactressEmmaWatson.Initially，thesheepweretrainedtoapproachcertainimagesbybeinggivenfoodrewards.Later，theywereabletorecognizetheimagesforwhichtheyhadbeenrewarded.Thesheepcouldevenrecognizeimagesoffacesshownatanangle，thoughtheirabilitytodosodeclinedbyabout15percentthesamerateatwhichahumansabilitytoperformthesametaskdeclines.“Anyonewhohasspenttimeworkingwithsheepwillknowthattheyareintelligentandindividualanimalswhoareabletorecognizetheirhandlers.”saidProfessorJennyMorton，wholedtheCambridgestudy.“Weveshownwithourstudythatsheephaveadvancedfacerecognitionabilities，closetothoseofhumansandmonkeys.”Recognizingfacesisoneofthemostimportantsocialskillsforhumanbeings，andsomedisordersofthebrain，includingHuntingtonsdisease，affectthisability.“Sheeparelonglivedandhavebrainsthataresimilarinsizeandcomplexitytothoseofsomemonkeys.Thatmeanstheycanbeusefulmodelstohelpusunderstanddisordersofthebrain，suchasHuntingtonsdiseasethatdevelopoveralongtimeandaffectcognitive(認(rèn)知的) abilities.Ourstudygivesusanotherwaytomonitorhowtheseabilitieschange.”Mortonsaid.21Accordingtothenewresearch，whatsunusualaboutsheep?ATheyhavelargebrains.BTheycanrecognizetheirowners.CTheycantellanimalsfromhumans.DTheycanrecognizehumanfacesfromphotographs.22Howdidtheresearcherstrainthesheep?ABygivingfoodrewards.BByshowingphotosoffamouspeople.CByguidingthemtofollowtheirhandlers.DByshowingphotosofhumansandmonkeysbyturns.23Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?ASheephaveahigherfacerecognitionabilitythanmonkeys.BThenewdiscoveryisofgreatbenefittothestudyofcognitiveabilitychanges.CThesheepsfacerecognitionabilitymaypreventsomedisordersofthebrain.DThesheepsfacerecognitionabilitystaysthesamewhenshownphotosatanyangle.24Whatsthebesttitleofthepassage?AAWonderfulScientistBTheLifeofSheepCANewDiscoveryAboutSheepDHowSheepRecognizeEachOtherB(2018四川內(nèi)江一模)Inrecentyears，carmanufacturers(制造商) havebeenputunderpressuretoinventavehiclethatisbothcheapertorunandbetterfortheenvironment.Oneofthefirstideasthatcarmanufacturerstriedwastoreplaceengineswhichrunonfossil(化石) fuelswithelectricmotors.Unfortunately，thesevehicleshadseveraldisadvantagesandtheydidntsellverywell.Theproblemswerethatthebatteriesoftheseelectriccarsranoutveryquicklyandtookalongtimetorecharge.However，carmanufacturershaveimprovedtheconcept.Thisiswherethehybridcar，whichhasbothanelectricmotorandatraditionalpetrolengine，comesin.Theelectricmotorneverneedstoberechargedanditismuchbetterfortheplanetthanatraditionalcar.Inahybridcar，theengineiscontrolledbyacomputerwhichdetermineswhetherthecarrunsonpetrol，electricity，orboth.Whenthecarneedsmaximumpower，forexample，ifitisacceleratingorclimbingasteephill，itusesallofitsresources(資源)，butatsteadyspeedsitrunsonlyonpetrol.Whenslowingdownorbreaking，theelectricmotorrechargesitsbatteries.Hybridcarsarebetterfortheenvironmentbecausetheyhaveamuchsmallerenginethanatraditionalcar.Also，hybridcarsonthemarketaremadeusingmaterialssuchasaluminumandcarbonfiber，whichmakesthemextremelylight.Bothofthemmeanthattheyuselesspetrolthannormalcars，sotheyproducelesspollution.Ofcourse，hybridcarsarentperfect; theystillrunonfossilfuelsandsopollutetheenvironmenttoacertaindegree.However，theymaybethefirststepalongtheroadtocleaner，“greener”cars.Carmanufacturersarealreadyworkingonvehicleswhichrunonhydrogengivingoffharmlesswatervapor.Itlookslikewemightbeheadingintherightdirection.25Whatcanweknowaboutthevehicleswhichranonelectricmotors?ATheymovedveryfast.BTheywereunpopular.CTheirengineswereoftenreplaced.DTheirengineswereexpensive.26Howdoesthecomputerinahybridcarfunction?AItkeepsthecarrunningsteadily.BItdirectsthecartoclimbhills.CItdecideswheretopowerthecar.DItcontrolshowthecarusespower.27WhatdoestheunderlinedpartrefertoinParagraph5?ACarssmallerengineandspecialmaterials.BElectricmotorandpetrolengine.CHybridcarandhydrogencar.DAluminumandcarbonfiber.28Whatsthebesttitleforthetext?ACarsEnginesBCarPollutionCGreenCarsDCarsAdvantages.完形填空IwasconfusedwhileIwaseatinglunchinarestauranttheotherday.IwassittingtherelookingatwhatId29andwonderedifanyoneelsecouldseethe30inmymind.Imaboutto31alotoffatandwashitdownwithadietsoda.WhatcanIsay？Imtryingtolosesomeweight.32，Idothingslikethatallthetime，whichisprobablywhythepoundsare33soslowly.Ispendhalfanhouronthetreadmill(跑步機) andI34myselfwithpotatochips.I35thatIwillnolongereatthemagain，soIjusteatalotatthistime.Imakeitallthewaythroughtheentiredaydoingeverythingabsolutelyright，andthenatbedtime“justonechipwont36it”turnsinto“wheredidthatentirebagofpotatochipsgo？”O(jiān)fcourse，I37dowellwithmyweightlossprogram.OnceIputtogethertwofullweeksofeatingproperlyandexercising38.Iwasstartingtofeela(n) 39.Icouldbendovertotiemyshoesmoreeasily.Butjustasitwasabouttobecomea40，Ienteredaperiodoflong，latenightsfilledwith41deadlines.Isatinfrontofmycomputer，eatingsnacksanddrinkingsodastohelpmestay42.Withinafewdays，thehabitofasensibleeatingandexercisingwasa43.Unfortunatebut44，Iwastootiredtogetonthetreadmill.45，Ihadworktodo，forwhichIneededalltheenergyIcould46.SoIstartedskippingexercisesessions.And47Istarteddoingso，itbecameeasiertoskipthem.Therearealwaysreasonsnottodothethingsthatwereallyshoulddo.Everyreasonisjustanother48.29A.cookedBorderedCdesignedDintroduced30A.battleBcompetitionCperformanceDpractice31A.burnBcontainCloseDconsume32A.SurprisinglyBHappilyCUnfortunatelyDHopefully33A.comingoffBpassingawayCtakingoffDturningaway34A.equipBconnectCpresentDreward35A.agreeBpretendCimagineDdecide36A.hurtBcountCchangeDsolve37A.alwaysBsometimesCseldomDnever38A.hardlyBinstantlyCregularlyDslightly39A.urgeBattractionCdifferenceDpain40A.planBhabitCgameDhobby41A.originalBcommonCinspiringDtight42A.awakeBcalmChealthyDstrong43A.goalBmemoryCrealityDtrend44A.unbelievableBchangeableCunderstandableDenjoyable45A.ThereforeBHoweverCBesidesDOtherwise46A.lackBsaveCshowDthrow47A.onceBbeforeCunlessDthough48A.choiceBfaultCcauseDexcuse答案解析.1.toknow2.to3.hasbrought4.directly5.invention6convenience7.with8.absolutely9.including10.using.11.Therobotswillbedesignedtolooklikepeopletomakethemattractiveandeasiertoselltothepublic.12Acomputernetworkallowsuserstoshareresourcesincludingandinformation.13Butsomeonepointsoutitsdisadvantages，forexamples，ithassomuchjunkinformationthatusalot.14Ifourgovernmentdoitwell，IbelievethattheInternetwillprovidemoreconvenienceforus.15Themoderntransportbenefitsourlife，thoughsomepeoplealsocriticizeitthereremanyaccidents.16Actually，robotsofreallifealsohavedifferentkindsoffunctionsandtheygivetousmuchhelp.17Weliveinanagemoreinformationisavailablewithgreatereasethaneverbefore.18Thenewtechnology，iftoricegrowing，willhelpincreasethegrainoutput.19Hethoughtthatthekeytopeoplewastohavemorericeandtoproduceitmorequickly.20Iwanttointroduceoneofthemostinfluentialmoderninourlifethecomputernetwork.21D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段中的“sheep are able to recognize human faces from photographs”可知，綿羊的不尋常之處在于它們能夠從照片中識別人臉，故選D。22A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第四段首句“Initially，the sheep were trained to approach certain images by being given food rewards.”可知，研究人員通過給綿羊食物獎勵來訓(xùn)練綿羊，故選A。23B推理判斷題。由最后一段中的“That means they can be useful models to help.Our study gives us another way to monitor how these abilities change.”可以推斷出，該項新發(fā)現(xiàn)有益于對認(rèn)知能力改變的研究，故選B。24C標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文可知這篇文章主要講了一項新的研究表明綿羊能夠從照片中識別人臉，故選C。25B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第二、三句“Unfortunately，these vehicles had several disadvantages and they didnt sell very well.The problems were that the batteries of these electric cars ran out very quickly and took a long time to recharge.”可知，這種電動汽車的電池很快就耗盡了，而且充電需要花很長時間，所以不受歡迎賣得不好。故選B。26D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第一句“In a hybrid car，the engine is controlled by a computer which determines whether the car runs on petrol，electricity，or both.”可知，混合動力車的電腦決定該車是使用汽油、電力還是兩者兼用。故選D。27A代詞指代題。根據(jù)第五段中的“they have a much smaller engine than a traditional car”及“using materials such as aluminum and carbon fiber，which makes them extremely light”可知，更小的發(fā)動機和特殊的建造材料使混合動力車省油，所以Both of them指的是這兩者，故選A。28C標(biāo)題歸納題。文章介紹了一種由電腦操控引擎、經(jīng)濟環(huán)保的混合動力汽車。C項(綠色環(huán)保車)概括了其主要優(yōu)點，適合作為本文標(biāo)題。.語篇解讀作者想要減肥，但是他不斷地攝入大量脂肪，又因為種種原因放棄了鍛煉，最終減肥失敗。29Bcook烹飪；order點菜，命令；design設(shè)計；introduce介紹。由上文中的“I was eating lunch in a restaurant”可知，此處指作者看著自己“點的食物”。30Abattle戰(zhàn)斗；competition競爭；performance表演；practice練習(xí)。下一句提到作者攝入大量脂肪，又喝蘇打水減肥，故可知作者非常矛盾，內(nèi)心做著激烈的“斗爭”。故A項正確。31Dburn燃燒；contain包含；lose失去；consume吃，喝，飲。作者打算消耗掉大量的脂肪。故D項正確。32Csurprisingly令人驚訝地；happily高興地；unfortunately不幸地；hopefully有希望地。上一句提到作者想要減肥，但是不幸的是作者還不斷地攝入大量脂肪，所以此處意為“不幸的是”。故C項正確。33Acome off從掉下；pass away去世；take off起飛；turn away拒絕進入。作者不斷地攝入大量脂肪，這是作者體重下降慢的原因。故A項正確。34Dequip裝備，使具有；connect連接；present頒發(fā)，呈現(xiàn)；reward獎賞。作者在跑步機上鍛煉半個小時后，用薯片來獎勵自己。故D項正確。35Dagree同意；pretend假裝；imagine想象；decide決定。由后面的“so I just eat a lot at this time”可知，作者決定以后再也不吃薯片了，所以只在這次吃很多的薯片。故D項正確。36Ahurt危害，傷害；count數(shù)數(shù)；change改變；solve解決。作者認(rèn)為只吃一片薯片不會妨