1CREDITRISKMANAGEMENT信貸風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理2CREDITCULTURE信貸文化RiskaversegivenBankshighgearingandthinmargin傾向低風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，由于銀行高負(fù)債和低利息差Propergoalsandmeasureswithcontrols適當(dāng)?shù)哪繕?biāo)和措施及控制TheLinetakesprimary(orjoint)responsibilityofthecreditdecisions前線部門對貸款決定負(fù)主要（或共同）責(zé)任BurdenofproofontheLine證明應(yīng)貸款責(zé)任在于前線部門Neverfeelembarrassedtoask“dumb”questions不用擔(dān)心問“愚笨”的問題3CREDITRISKMANAGEMENT信貸風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理Prerequisite:先決條件Seniormanagementssupport(positiveintervention?)高層管理的支持（積極干預(yù)？）People(technicalcapability,integrityandinter-personalskills)人員（技術(shù)能力、人格和人際交往能力）OrganizationandSystem組織及系統(tǒng)Attribute:特征Independent獨(dú)立性Nobottom-lineresponsibility沒有盈利責(zé)任Professional專業(yè)性Firmandfair堅(jiān)定和公正4STRUCTUREANDAPPROVALPROCESS結(jié)構(gòu)和認(rèn)證程序BoardofDirectors董事會行政總裁（總部）GHQCEOAPHCEO行政總裁（亞太區(qū)）AMHGM總經(jīng)理（香港及中國大陸）Line前線部門信貸總經(jīng)理GMCreditCCO首席信貸官HDCredit信貸部門主管Concurrence認(rèn)同Approval審批Approval審批Approval審批CountryRisk/BankRisk國家風(fēng)險(xiǎn)/銀行風(fēng)險(xiǎn)MarketRisk/CreditRisk市場風(fēng)險(xiǎn)/信用風(fēng)險(xiǎn)MarketRisk/CreditRisk市場風(fēng)險(xiǎn)/信用風(fēng)險(xiǎn)Credit信用5ALTERNATIVES選擇CentralizedvsDecentralized集權(quán)/分權(quán)IndividualvsCommittee(compositionanddecisionmakingprocess)個人/委員會（債務(wù)組成及決策過程）Factorstoconsider:需要考慮的因素Individual/CollectiveDecision/Responsibility個人/集體決策/責(zé)任Seniormanagementstrust高層管理的信任Qualityofstaff(atcentreandintheline)員工的素質(zhì)（管理人員和一線職員）Specializationofstaff員工專業(yè)化Effectivenessofinternalcontrolsystem內(nèi)部控制系統(tǒng)的功效Qualityofservice(e.g.turnaroundtime)服務(wù)的質(zhì)量（例如：報(bào)廢項(xiàng)目時間）Others(fraudpreventionetc.)其他（防范欺詐等）6StructureandAccountCycle結(jié)構(gòu)及客戶信貸周期Policy/政策Approval審批RiskMonitoring風(fēng)險(xiǎn)監(jiān)督Recovery追償HeadofCRM信貸風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理部Loans貸款Unhealthyloans不良貸款Review回顧Review回顧7CreditPolicy,GuidelinesandProceduresManual信貸政策，指南及程序手冊Keybusinessobjectives主要業(yè)務(wù)目標(biāo)StructureandResponsibility結(jié)構(gòu)及職責(zé)EconomicOutlook經(jīng)濟(jì)預(yù)期SectoralAnalysis行業(yè)分析BusinessStrategyandFocus業(yè)務(wù)戰(zhàn)略和重點(diǎn)RiskAssessmentandCreditAppetite風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評估和信貸偏好LendingGuidelines貸款指南CreditProducts,ProceduresandAdvice信貸產(chǎn)品、程序和建議8CREDITPOLICY信貸政策M(jìn)arketpositioningandriskappetite市場定位和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)偏好Return回報(bào)PrivateBankCommercialBankSubprimeLender私人銀行商業(yè)銀行次級貸款人-Largecorporate大型企業(yè)-Middlemarket中端市場-Smallbusiness小型企業(yè)-Consumer消費(fèi)者Risk風(fēng)險(xiǎn)9MARKETSEGMENTATIONCREDITTOOLS市場細(xì)分信貸工具CorporateBanking-Largecorporate-Judgemental(plusRating,KMV,MRA)公司金融-大型公司-主觀判斷（加評分，KMV,MRA)CommercialBankingMediumsizedcorporateJudgemental公司