Lesson119 A true story講義重點(diǎn)一、本課重要單詞story: n. 故事; a detective story 偵探小說；happen: v. 發(fā)生、碰巧；How did it happen? 那是怎么發(fā)生的？掌握一個(gè)重要句型：It happens + that.:碰巧.It happens that he knows the truth.碰巧他知道事情的真相。thief: n.賊,小偷；注意thief的復(fù)數(shù)形式為thives.另外像knife的復(fù)數(shù)形式為knives.enter: v. 進(jìn)入;加入，參加；He entered university at the age of 18. 他18歲上了大學(xué)。dark: adj. 黑暗的;It was a dark night. 那是個(gè)黑夜。torch: n.手電筒; turn on a torch開手電筒；turn off a torch關(guān)掉手電筒。voice: n.聲音; in an angry voice 以生氣的聲音;lose ones voice:失聲；parrot: n. 鸚鵡;二、本課重要知識(shí)點(diǎn)1. I want to tell you a true story. 我想告訴你一個(gè)真實(shí)的故事。在本句中我們要掌握tell的用法：（1）tell sb sth=tell sth to sb：告訴某人某事。例：I want to tell you something wonderful.我想要告訴你一些好玩的事。I want to tell something wonderful to you.我想要告訴你一些好玩的事。（2）tell sb to do sth:告訴某人去做某事；例： She told me to finish my homework on time. 她告訴我要按時(shí)完成作業(yè)。 I told him to turn on the light. 我告訴他打開燈。2. It happened to a friend of mine a year ago. 這是一年前發(fā)生在我的一個(gè)朋友身上的故事。在本句中我們要掌握happen的具體用法：（1）happen to sb:某事發(fā)生在某人身上；例：She hoped nothing bad would happen to him. 她希望不會(huì)有壞事發(fā)生在他身上。（2）happen to do sth:碰巧.;I happened to see him on the street.我碰巧在大街上遇到他了。（3）It happens + that碰巧:It happens that the actor is her brother. 那個(gè)演員碰巧是她的哥哥。It happens that she also likes swimming.碰巧她也喜歡游泳。3. 掌握以下重要短語(yǔ)：A friend of mine:我朋友中的一個(gè)。Turn on a torch:打開手電筒。Whats up?: 什么事？Run away:逃跑；As quickly as possible:盡可能快地；Come downstairs:下樓；Go back to sleep:回去睡覺；4.重要語(yǔ)法：過去完成時(shí)。過去完成時(shí)指過去某一時(shí)刻或動(dòng)作以前己經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作，或由過去某一時(shí)間開始，一直延續(xù)到過去另一時(shí)間的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，主要用來表示“過去的過去”。（一）基本結(jié)構(gòu)主語(yǔ)+had+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞，例：I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came。我在車站等了20分鐘，一輛公共汽車終于來了。He left the room after he had turned off the light. 他把燈關(guān)上之后，離開了房間。動(dòng)詞過去分詞的規(guī)則變化： 一般情況下，在動(dòng)詞后加ed構(gòu)成：work / worked, stay / stayed, shout / shouted等。 在以-e結(jié)尾動(dòng)詞后只加d：close / closed, like / liked, live / lived, smile / smiled等。 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，應(yīng)將y改為i 再加-ed：study / studied, carry / carried等。 以重讀閉音節(jié)或r音節(jié)結(jié)尾且末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母動(dòng)詞，要雙寫末尾的輔音字母再加-ed：stop / stopped, admit / admitted, refer / referred, prefer / preferred等。（二）基本用法：過去完成時(shí)指過去某一時(shí)刻或動(dòng)作以前己經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作，或由過去某一時(shí)間開始，一直延續(xù)到過去另一時(shí)間的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，主要用來表示“過去的過去”。例：He said he had been to Beijing twice. 他說他已經(jīng)去過北京兩次。（去北京這一動(dòng)作在“說”之前已經(jīng)完成，即“過去的過去”）The bus had already left by the time I got there.等我到那的時(shí)候，汽車已經(jīng)開走了。（汽車開走這一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在我“到那”之前。）He said he had worked in that factory since 1949.他說自從1949年以來他就在那家工廠工作。（由過去的時(shí)間1949一直延續(xù)到過去某一時(shí)間）（三）句型轉(zhuǎn)換在過去完成時(shí)做主句的情況下，把肯定句轉(zhuǎn)換成疑問句只需要把had提到主語(yǔ)前面即可，例：The bus had already left by the time I got there.（變疑問句）等我到那的時(shí)候，汽車已經(jīng)開走了。Had the bus already left by the time you got there?你到那的時(shí)候汽車已經(jīng)開走了嗎？They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday在上周三以前他們已經(jīng)種了六百棵樹了。Had they planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday?在上周三以前他們已經(jīng)種了六百棵樹了嗎？在過去完成時(shí)做主句的情況下，把肯定句轉(zhuǎn)換成疑問句只需要在had后面加not即可。例：They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday在上周三以前他們已經(jīng)種了六百棵樹了。They had not planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday在上周三以前他們還沒有種到六百棵樹。The bus had already left by the time I got there.等我到那的時(shí)候，汽車已經(jīng)開走了。The bus had not left by the time I got there.等我到那的時(shí)候，汽車還沒有開走。（四）標(biāo)志詞過去完成時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有： by + 過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。I had learnt six h