.,Unit5ForWantofaDrink,.,Outline,I.Warm-upII.BackgroundInformationIII.GlossaryIV.StructureV.TextAnalysis,.,I.Warm-up,PhotoShow,.,I.Warm-up,Questions1.Dowehaveawaterprobleminourcountry?2.Howseriousistheproblem?,.,I.Warm-up,Jinan-SpringCity,.,.,II.BackgroundInformation,Withoutwater,thereisnolife,asweareallwatercreatures.,TheImportanceofWater,Itmakesupnearly60percentofourbody,70percentofourbrainand80percentofourblood.,Theearthisstilltheonlyknownplanetsofarwherewaterisfound.,.,I.Warm-up,Essay1.Whatarethemaincausesofourwaterproblem?2.Whatdoyouthinkwecandotosolvethisproblem?,.,II.BackgroundInformation,Wehavestillfailedtogivedueattentiontothisvitalissue-water.,OurIgnorance/Neglect,Wetakeforgrantedthatsomehowwaterwillalwaysbeavailable.,Weknowthereareproblems,butwetendtothinkthattheyaretheproblemsofthegovernmentorscientist.,.,II.BackgroundInformation,Theeducationwearereceivingwouldbeconsideredagrossfailureifwegothroughschoolwithoutrealizingthisstarktruth.,.,II.BackgroundInformation,Thealarmisthataterriblewatercrisisisloomingbecauseourwaterresourcesareundertremendouspressure.,Alarm,Whenpeopleinfuturerecallthe21stcentury,theyareboundtoadmitthatoneofthegreatestissuesofthecenturyhasbeenthatofwater.,InFuture,.,III.Glossary,1.apparatus;es(pl.)Oneoftheboyshadtoberescuedbyfiremenwearingbreathingapparatus.其中一個(gè)男孩須由帶著呼吸裝置的消防員才能救出。Formanyyears,thecountryhadbeenburiedundertheapparatusoftheregime.多年來，這個(gè)國家一直處于該政權(quán)機(jī)構(gòu)的高壓統(tǒng)治下。,.,III.Glossary,2.delta三角洲e.g.theGangesdeltapeninsula半島e.g.thepoliticalsituationintheKoreanpeninsula,.,III.Glossary,3.diminish;decrease;lessen;reduce;abate;dwindle辨析decrease表示在尺寸、數(shù)量amount、數(shù)目number或強(qiáng)度上的逐漸減少lessen表示在數(shù)量而不是數(shù)目上的減少diminish強(qiáng)調(diào)急劇減少，指從整體上減除e.g.Thepartysshareoftheelectorate(選民)hasdiminishedsteadily.削弱，貶低（重要性或價(jià)值）e.g.Dontlethimdiminishyourachievements.reduce指減少或降低abate指力量或數(shù)量過多或有壓迫性的東西的減少dwindle指逐漸減少，用于能明顯可見地變小或消失的東西,.,III.Glossary,4.distribute;distribution;distributor分發(fā)；分配；分送e.g.Thousandsofsoldiersareworkingtodistributefoodandblanketstotherefugees.配銷；運(yùn)銷；分銷e.g.Wedidntunderstandhowdifficultitwastodistributeanationalpaper.分配，分派e.g.Immediatelyafterhiselectionhebegantodistributemajorofficesamonghisfriendsandsupporters.撒；播e.g.Distributethetopping(配料)evenlyoverthefruit.,.,III.Glossary,5.equilibriumvs.balancepl.equilibria;equilibriumse.g.Stocksseesawedeverloweruntilpricesfoundsomenewlevelofequilibrium.平衡股票在震蕩中進(jìn)一步下跌，直到股價(jià)達(dá)到某個(gè)新的平衡點(diǎn)。Ipausedinthehalltotakethreedeepbreathstorestoremyequilibrium.平靜,.,III.Glossary,5.equilibriumvs.balancen.平衡；天平；平衡力e.g.balanceofpaymentbalancestatement余額明細(xì)表theecologicalbalanceoftheforestHeenvisions（預(yù)見；展望）anoverallbalancebetweenproductionandconsumption.他預(yù)想生產(chǎn)和消費(fèi)之間將達(dá)到全面均衡.balance（v.）,.,III.Glossary,6.endangeredvs.extinctE.g.Smokingduringpregnancyendangersthebabyslife.Thelizardsareclassedasanendangeredspecies.E.g.Dinosaurshavebeenextinctformillionsofyears.Anextinctvolcanodoesnoteruptanymore.,.,III.Glossary,7.famine;hunger;starvation8.finitevs.infinitedefinitevs.indefiniteinfinitive不定式9.hydro-ill-Moreexamples?,hydrotherapy水療法hydrogen氫hydrocarbons碳?xì)浠衔?.,III.Glossary,10.mediumChinawilldeepenthereformofitsfinancialsystemsbyimprovingservicesforsmallandmicrobusinessesandmakingRenminbiconvertibleundercapitalaccounts,accordingtoareportdistributedtothemediaMondaymorning.-XinhuaNewsAgency,.,III.Glossary,smallandmedium-sizedenterprises（中小企業(yè)）劃分為:medium-sized（中型）;smallsize（小型）;mini-size（微型）三種類型具體標(biāo)準(zhǔn)根據(jù)enterprisejobholders（企業(yè)從業(yè)人員）、businessincome(營業(yè)收入)、totalassets(資產(chǎn)總額)等指標(biāo)，結(jié)合industrycharacteristics(行業(yè)特點(diǎn))制定。,.,III.Glossary,11.migrationmigratev.e.g.Farmworkersmigrateatharvesttime.Rowsofsleepingmigrantworkersfillthesidewalks.immigrate-immigrant-immigrationemigrate-emigrant-emigration12.miracle-miraculousmarvel-marvelous/marvellous,.,III.Glossary,13.overwhelm;overwhelmed;overwhelmingE.g.(感情上)使某人感到不能自持，使不知所措Harrietwasedbyafeelingofhomesickness.(問題等)使不可解決，使應(yīng)接不暇，壓垮Wewereedbythenumberofapplications.使某人非常驚訝Iwascompletelyedbyhisgenerosity.擊敗某人In1532theSpaniardsfinallyoverwhelmedthearmiesofPeru.,.,III.Glossary,14.pestilence瘟疫epidemicn./adj.流行病，傳染病e.g.Over500peoplediedduringlastyearsfluepidemic.Violentcrimeisreachingepidemicproportionsinsomecities.,.,III.Glossary,pandemic（大范圍或全球性的）流行病，瘟疫endemic（疾病或問題）地方性的，某些人常有的e.g.ViolentcrimeisnowendemicinpartsofChicago.Chronically,chronicvs.acuteSARS:SevereAcuteRespiratorySyndromes嚴(yán)重急性呼吸綜合征,.,III.Glossary,15.quadruplevs.triplerespectable;respectful;respectiveWeallwentbacktoourrespectivehomestowaitfornews.,.,III.Glossary,18.squandere.g.Thehometeamsquanderedanumberofchancesinthefirsthalf(上半場).Theysquanderedtheprofitsonexpensivecars.(squandersth.onsth.),.,III.Glossary,19.substituten./v.e.g.ThecoachhastofindaforTim.Vitaminpillsarenoforahealthydiet.BillsubstitutedforLarry,whowasoffsick.MichaelOwenhadtobesubstitutedafter20minutesonthefield.,.,III.Glossary,20.sustain;sustainment;sustainable使持續(xù)；保持e.g.Hehassustainedhisfiercesocialconsciencefromyoungadulthoodthrougholdage.,.,III.Glossary,經(jīng)受；遭受；蒙受一位17歲的游客在昨天的炸彈爆炸中受傷并于當(dāng)天深夜身亡。E.g.Aseventeen-year-oldtouristdiedlatelastnightofinjuriessustainedinyesterdaysbombblast.支持；支援；救濟(jì)E.g.從經(jīng)濟(jì)作物中獲得的收益能幫助他們度過不景氣的時(shí)期Thecashdividendstheygetfromthecashcropwouldsustainthemduringtheleanseason.這些支持的信件和人們每天對我的鼓勵(lì)一直支撐著我Iamsustainedbylettersofsupportandwhatpeoplesaytomeinordinarydailylife.,.,III.Glossary,Sustainabledevelopment,accordingtotheWorldCommissiononEnvironmentandDevelopment,is:developmentthatmeetstheneedsofthepresentwithoutcompromisingtheabilityoffuturegenerationstomeettheirownneeds.,.,IV.Structure,I.Introduction:Awarningaboutawatercrisis(paras.1-2)II.Causalanalysisofwatershortage(paras.3-5)III.Difficultyinsatisfyingthesedemands(paras.6-8)IV.Characteristicsofwaterasnaturalresource(paras.9-15)V.Reiterationofthevalueofwater(paras.16-17)VI.Conclusion:Difficultyinusingtheresourcesensibly(paras.18-19),.,Theme,Thisessaymaynothavesaidmuchthatwedonotknow,butnotallofusperhapshaveeverspenttimebeforeonsuchacomprehensiveandpowerfulpresentationofthecase.Ithassoundedthealarmthataterriblewatercrisisisloomingbecauseourwaterresourcesareundertremendouspressure.Itexplainsthereasonswhyitshouldhavebeensuchaseriousproblemandwhyitisbecomingworseandworse.,.,V.TextAnalysis,1.Whenthewordwaterappearsinprintnowadays,crisisisrarelyfarbehind.(para.1)inprint:printedinabook,newspaper,etc.rarelyfarbehind:verynear,.,V.TextAnalysis,2.Water,itissaid,isthenewoil:aresourcelongsquandered,nowgrowingexpensiveandsoontobeoverwhelmedbyinsatiabledemand.(para.1)P:Likeoil,water,anaturalresource,whichhasforalongtimebeenstupidlywasted,isbecominganexpensivecommodity,andwillsoonbeexhaustedbytheexcessiveconsumptionofhumanity.TheMideastOilCrisisinthe1970s,.,V.TextAnalysis,3.Climatechangethreatenstomaketheproblemworse.(para.1)threaten:tobelikelytoharmordestroysth.e.g.Globalwarming,whichcausestheseastorise,threatenstoengulfislands.Thecivilwaristhreateningtosplitthecountry.Thecountryscrippling(造成嚴(yán)重后果的)debtscouldthreatenitsentirefinancialsystem.,.,V.TextAnalysis,4.Everyonemustuselesswateriffamine,pestilenceandmassmigrationarenottosweeptheglobe.(para.1)P:Allofusmustuselesswatertoavoidsuchdisastersasfamine,epidemic,andmassmigrationthroughouttheworld.massmigration:herereferringtothemovementoflargenumbersofpeoplefromoneplaceoronepartoftheworldtoanothertoescapethedisasterscausedbyshortageofwater.,.,V.TextAnalysis,5.Thelanguageisoftenoverblown,andtheremediessometimesill-conceived,butthebasicmessageisnotwrong.(para.2)P:Thelanguageusedinthesebooksandarticlesareoftenexaggerated,andthesolutionssuggestedsometimesdonotsoundsensible.ill-conceived:notshowingcarefulthought;notsoundingsensiblethebasicmessage:thekeyideathatpeopleshoulduselesswater,.,V.TextAnalysis,6.Bringingsupplyanddemandintoequilibriumwillbepainful,andpoliticaldisputesmayincreaseinnumberandintensifyintheircapacitytocausetrouble.(para.2)bringingsupplyanddemandintoequilibrium:makingdemandmatchsupply;notusingmorewaterthanisavailable,.,V.TextAnalysis,7.Tocarryonwithpresentpracticewouldindeedbetoinvitedisaster.(para.2)Thisisasentenceofimpliedcondition,whichisconveyedinthesubject“tocarryonwithpresentpractice.”invite:toencouragesth.badtohappen,esp.withoutintendingto,e.g.TheFirstLadysrecenttripinvitedsharpcriticism.Themansbehaviorisinvitingsuspicion.,.,V.TextAnalysis,8.Thenthegreenrevolution,inaninspiredcombinationofnewcropbreeds,fertilizersandwater,madepossibleahugeriseinthepopulation.(para.3)inspired:extraordinarilygood,brilliantandcreativeE.g.Thefilmishailedasainspiredadaptationofabestseller.SheisoneofthefewinspiredteachersIveeverseen.,.,V.TextAnalysis,9.Theworldwillhavenomoreofitin2025or2050thanithastoday,orwhenitlappedatthesidesofNoahsArk.(para.6)P:In2025or2050,theworldswatersupplywillbethesameasitistoday,orinthedaysofNoah.whenitlappedatthesidesofNoahsArk:whenthefloodwaterhitthesidesofNoahsArkinsmallwaves.,.,V.TextAnalysis,10.Thevalueofwaterasacommodityofcoursevariesaccordingtolocality,purposeandcircumstance.(para.9)vary:tochangeorbedifferentaccordingtothesituation,e.g.Teachingmethodsshouldvaryaccordingtothetopic.Theabilitytotoleratepainvariesfrompersontoperson.Classsizeofelementaryschoolsherevariesbetween35and40.Thepriceofacutandblow-dryvariesfrom$13.95to$25.,.,V.TextAnalysis,11.Scarceorplentiful,waterisabovealllocal.(para.11)scarceorplentiful:aphrasefunctioningasaconditionalclauseE.g.Allpeople,blackorwhite,richorpoor,shouldlivesidebyside.Inwealthorinpoverty,hiswifeprovedareliableanchorforhislife.,.,V.TextAnalysis,12.asthedemandsoffarmershaveoutgrowntheirsuppliesofrainandsurfacewater.(para.13)outgrow:togrow/increasefasterthan,e.g.Mankindisoutgrowingfoodsupplies.Thecitysmigrantpopulationhasoutgrownitspublicfacilities.Mygranddaughterhasoutgrownallherclothes.,.,V.TextAnalysis,13.thequantitiesbeingwithdrawnexceedtheannualrecharge.(para.13)withdraw:(figurativeuse)totakewaterfrombelowthesurfaceofEarthexceed:tobegreaterthanaparticularnumberoramount,E.g.Whendeathsexceedbirths,thepopulationgoesdown.Incomeisexpectedtoexceedexpenditure.,.,V.TextAnalysis,14.Partofthebeautyoftheboreholeisthatitrequiresnoelaborateapparatus.(para.15)P:Obtainingwateroutofthegroundbydrillingdeepholesiseasy,requiringnocomplicatedequipment.Thebeautyofsth:E.g.Oneofthebeautiesofmicrobloggingisthatyoucangetyourmessagetolargenumbersofpeoplespeedily.Partofthebeautyofworkingathomeisthatyoudonthavetohurrytoandfromtheworkplace.Note:beauty(c.n./u.n.),.,V.TextAnalysis,15.ThatiswhyIndiaandChinaarenowperforatedwithmillionsofirrigationwells,eachdrawingonthecommonresource.(para.15)P:ThatiswhymillionsofirrigationwellshavebeenduginIndiaandChina,bothusingthesupplyofwaterbelongingto/sharedbythewholecommunity.perforate:tomakeaholeorholesinsth,orpartofyourbody,E.g.Intheroadaccident,hislungwasperforated.Shetoldherchildrennottowearearphones,fortheycanperforatetheireardrums.drawingon:tousepartofasupplyofsththatbelongstoagroupofpeople.,.,V.TextAnalysis,16.Butevenbigaquifersarenotimmunetothelawsofphysics.(para.15)beimmuneto/fromsth.:tobenotinfluencedoraffectedbysth.thathappensorisdone,e.g.NBAisnotimmunetoeconomicrecession.Johnseemstobeimmunetoteasing.,.,V.TextAnalysis,17.Pricedornot,wateriscertainlyvalued,andthatvaluedependsontheusetowhichitisharnessed.(para.16)pricedornot:anotherpatternofcondensedconditionalclausesintroducedby“whether”E.g.Believeitornot,a10-year-oldgirlbearaprofessionalatchess.Likeitornot,learnersofEnglishhavetolivewithitsirregularspelling.,.,V.TextAnalysis,17.Pricedornot,wateriscertainlyvalued,andthatvaluedependsontheusetowhichitisharnessed.(para.16)harness:toattachahorseorotheranimaltosthwithaharnessE.g.Thefarmerharnessedtwooxentotheplow.Buthere,itisusedfiguratively.E.g.Insomeareas,thepoorfeelharnessedtotheirjobs.Harnessalsomeans“togaincontrolofsthanduseitforsomepurpose,”e.g.Thewindmillisanexampleofhowpeopleharnessthewindtoproduceelectricity.,.,V.TextAnalysis,18.NoonesurvivedintheruinsofPort-au-PrinceformorethanafewdaysafterJanuarysearthquakeunlesstheyhadaccesstosomewater-basedfoodordrink.(para.17)IntheruinsofPort-au-Prince:inthecompletelydamagedcityofPort-aru-Prince.Januarysearthquake:referringtotheearthquakethatstruckPort-au-Prince,on12January2010,dev