RevisionoftheAttributiveClause,概述：1、功能：相當(dāng)于形容詞，修飾名詞或代詞，在句中作定語2、位置：定語從句置于被修飾詞之后Thosewhoarewillingtoattendtheparty,signhereplease.3、先行詞：被定語從句修飾的詞稱為先行詞（1）先行詞一般是名詞和不定代詞，如:some-,any-,every-和no與-boy,-thing的合成詞；或all、none、any、some、that、those等代詞。數(shù)詞也可以作先行詞，人稱代詞也同樣可作先行詞。（2）先行詞與關(guān)系詞是等量關(guān)系。必須注意兩點：先行詞在從句中作主語時，從句謂語動詞的數(shù)由先行詞而定。Thisistheplacewhichisworthvisiting.關(guān)系詞在從句句子中充當(dāng)了成分，其意思就是先行詞的意義，所以在從句中不能重復(fù)其意。Therearemanyplaceswecanvisit（them）inChina.4、關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語從句的都稱關(guān)系詞關(guān)系代詞：who,whom,which,that,whose,as。關(guān)系副詞：when,where,why,一.定語從句的構(gòu)成,兩個簡單句：Amanisstandingthere.Themanismybrother.,=主從復(fù)合句：Themanwhoisstandingthereismybrother.,先行詞：被定語從句所修飾的詞,先行詞一般是名詞或代詞,關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞,二.關(guān)系詞的種類,關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞,起著代詞和連詞的作用，在從句中充當(dāng)主語，賓語或定語,起著副詞或介詞短語和連詞的作用，在從句中充當(dāng)狀語whenwhywhere,Theman(whoisstandingthere)ismybrother.,關(guān)系詞的作用：代替前面的先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)一定的成分把兩個句子連起來構(gòu)成一個復(fù)合句,三.關(guān)系代詞,Ihaveasister.+SheworksinShanghai.,=Ihaveasister_worksinShanghai.,Hewantstoseetheman.+ThemanisinShanghai.,=Theman_hewantstoseeisinShanghai.,Haveyoufoundthepen?+Youlostityesterday.,=Haveyoufoundthepen_youlostyesterday?,who/that,who/whom/that,(that/which),Doyouknowthegirl?+Hermotherworkshere.,=Doyouknowthegirl_motherworkshere?,Iliveinaroom.+itswindowfacessouth.,=Iliveinaroom_windowfacessouth.,whose,whose,=Iliveinaroomthewindowofwhichfacessouth.,ofwhichthewindow,注意：關(guān)系代詞在限制性定語從句中作賓語是可以省略的，但如果在介詞后不能省略。Heborrowedthebook(that)Ijustbought.Thisisthegirlwithwhomheworked.,ExercisesLookatthelady_nameisPochi.A.whoB.whoseC.whomD.thatThosepictures_weredrawnbyTomarenice.A.whoB.whoseC.whomD.whichThegirl_couldsingwellwenttoEurope.A.whoB.whoseC.whomD.whom,四.關(guān)系副詞,Thisisthehouse.+Iwasborninthehouse.（介詞短語）,=Iwasbornthere（副詞).,=Thisisthehouse_Iwasborn.,=_which,注意區(qū)別：Thisisthehouse_Iwasbornin.,(which/that),where,in,Wewillneverforgettheday.+wewillholdtheOlympicGamesonthatday.,=Wewillneverforgettheday_wewillholdtheOlympicGames.,_which,注意區(qū)別：Iwillneverforgettheday_Ispentwithyoulastyear.,(which/that),Idontknowthereasonwhyhelefthere.,=forwhich,when,on,關(guān)系副詞的運用,在限定性和非限定性從句中，when的先行詞是時間名詞，where的先行詞是地點名詞，分別在定語從句中做狀語。e.g.1.AfterlivinginParisfor50yearshereturnedtothesmalltown_hegrewupasachild.A.whichB.whereC.thatD.when2.Itwasanexcitingmomentforthesepeoplethisyear,_forthefirsttimetheirteamwontheWorldCup.A.thatB.whileC.whichD.when,BD,注意：,1.Thankyouforthebookyougaveittomeyesterday.,在定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞已代替了前面的先行詞，所以在從句中不能在重復(fù)了。,what不能用于定語從句中,2.Tellmeanythingwhatyouknow.,Tellmewhatyouknow.,that,tellsb.sth,3.在介詞whom/which結(jié)構(gòu)中，介詞的選擇Iwillneverforgettheday_whichIreachedtheGreatWall.Tellmethetime_whichthetrainleaves.,Thisisthehero_whomweareproud.Inthedarkstreet,therewasntasingleperson_shecouldturnforhelp.A.tothatB.whoC.fromwhomD.towhom,根據(jù)先行詞來判斷,根據(jù)從句中謂語動詞的固定搭配來判斷,on,at,of,turntosb.forhelp,關(guān)系代詞前介詞的確定,(1）.根據(jù)從句中動詞與先行詞的邏輯關(guān)系，請體會：e.g.Isthatthenewspaperforwhichyouoftenwritearticles?(2).根據(jù)從句中動詞或形容詞的習(xí)慣搭配，如：e.g.CanyouexplaintomehowtousetheseidiomsaboutwhichImsure.(3).根據(jù)先行詞與介詞的搭配習(xí)慣，請體會：e.g.1949wastheyearinwhichtheP.R.C.wasfounded.,關(guān)系代詞前介詞的確定,(4).非限制性定與從句中，要表示先行詞的一部分時，可用“數(shù)詞/代詞+of+關(guān)系代詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)，如：e.g.Thereare50studentsinourclass,two-thirdsofwhomhavebeentoBeijing.,關(guān)系代詞前的介詞的確定,(5).Whose從句可轉(zhuǎn)換為“of+關(guān)系代詞”型，如：e.g.Theyliveinahouse,whosedooropenstothesouth.,Theylivedinahouse,ofwhichthedooropenstothesouth.Theylivedinahouse,thedoorofwhichopenstothesouth.,Canyouworkthemout?,Fillintheblankswithproperprepositions:1.Thesungivesusheatandlight,_whichwecantlive.2.Thestudent_whomweweretalkingjustnowisthebeststudentinourclass.3.Illneverforgettheday_whichshesaidgood-byetome.4.Whocangivemethereason_whichhehasntturnedupyet?,for,about,on,without,4.（名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、最高級）ofwhom/which結(jié)構(gòu)中，表所屬關(guān)系，”當(dāng)中的”,Chinahashundredsofislands,thelargestofthatisTaiwan.,which,Thereare54studentsinourclass,mostofthemareboys.,whom,5.在非限制定語從句中，需注意以下幾點：,that不能用來引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,why不能用來引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，應(yīng)用forwhiche.g.Ihavetoldthemthereason,forwhichIdidntattendthemeeting.,在非限制性的定語從句中，指人的關(guān)系代詞作賓語時，只能用whom，不能用who替換，也不能省略Hiswife,_youmetatmyhome,wasateacher.A.whomB.whoC.thatD.whose,在非限制性定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞有時代替修飾的不是前面的名詞或代詞，而是前面的整一句話。這種關(guān)系代詞只有兩個:which,as,Alicereceivedaninvitationfromherboss,_cameasasurprise.itB.thatC.whichD.he_isreportedinthenewspapers,talksbetweenthetwocountriesaremakingprogress.A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What,區(qū)別：a.which只能放在句末，而as從句則還可以放在句首或句中。,b.從意義上講，which意為“這一點,而as卻可表示”正如那樣“，有些as從句已成了固定句型,如：,Asweallknow,asisknowntoall,asyousay,asIcansee,Asisreported,asyoumayhaveheard,幾種特殊情況：1.只能用that做關(guān)系代詞的情況,（1）當(dāng)先行詞是不定代詞時,如:All,few,little,much,every,something,anything,everything,none等或先行詞被他們修飾時，關(guān)系代詞只可用thate.g.EverythingthathappenedthenwaslikeanightmarePleasesendusanyinformationthatyouhaveaboutthematter.（2）先行詞被形容詞最高級、序數(shù)詞及thevery、theonly、thesame等詞修飾時，關(guān)系代詞只可用thate.g.ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.ThisisthesamefiercedogthatIsawyesterday.,(3)當(dāng)人和物合做先行詞時,關(guān)系代詞只能用thate.g.Wetalkedaboutthethingsandpersonsthatwesawthen(4)定語從句內(nèi)容為解釋名詞的性質(zhì)、概念時，需用that。e.g.Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.（5）先行詞在主句中作表語關(guān)系詞在從句中作表語時。Thevillageisnolongertheonethatwas5yearsago.（6）當(dāng)主句中含有疑問詞which時。Whicharethebooksthatyouboughtforme?,2.只能用which做關(guān)系代詞的情況,（1）.在非限制性定語從句中（2）.在介詞后面（3）當(dāng)先行詞本身是that時（4）當(dāng)關(guān)系詞離先行詞較遠時3.But作關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語從句時，要與具有否定意義的主句連用，先行詞可以是人也可以是物，用于限制性定語從句中e.g.Thereisnomanbuterrs=Thereisnomanwhodoesnothaveerr.所有的人都會犯錯誤的。4.先行詞是theway,后面一般不需要關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞e.g.NobodyelselovesyouthewayIdo.,3.,as與which引導(dǎo)的定語從句,兩者均可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，有時可以互換，但下列情況多用as。1.關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句居句首時。e.g.Asweallknow,theearthisround.2.當(dāng)與such或thesame連用時，一般用as。e.g.Suchbooksasyoutellmeareinteresting.Ihavethesameplanasyou.,3.當(dāng)從句和主句語義一致時，用as，反之則用which。e.g.Shehasmarriedagain,aswasexpected.Shehasmarriedagain,whichwasunexpected.,4.as在從句中作主語時，后面常接行為動詞的被動語態(tài)，如beknown，besaid，bereported等，如從句中行為動詞是主動語態(tài)，一般要用which作主語。e.g.Shehasbeenlateagain,aswasexpected.Tomhasmadegreatprogress,whichmadeushappy.,Practice：1.Heisoneofthestudentswho_herejustnow.Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho_herejustnow.2.Isthistheschool_youvisitedlastweek?Isthisschool_youvisitedlastweek?3.Itistheplace_theyoncelived.Itisintheplace_theyoncelived.4.Hehastwosons,eitherof_workshard.Hehastwosons,andeitherof_workshard.,were,was,which/that,theonethat,where/inwhich,that,whom,them,Correctthesentences:,1.Imusingthepenwhichheboughtityesterday.2.Isthatfactorywhichyourfatheronceworkedin?3.ThemanwhomIspokeisfromCanada.4.ThethirdplacewhichwearegoingtovisitisHangzhou,(去掉),that,_,to,theone,Correctthesentences:,5.IstillremembertheholidaysIstayedwiththem.6.Imgoingtoworkinthehospitalwhereneedsme.7.ThosethathaventbeentotheWestLakewillgatherattheschoolgate.8.Thestudentsandthingswhichyouspokeofareknowntous.,when,_,who,_,(that/which),that,Correctthesentences:,9.ThisisthelasttimewhenIvegivenyoulessons.10.Soontheycametoafarmhouse,andinfrontofwhichsatasmallboy.11.Weheardthenewswhichourteamwonthegame.12.Thereasonwhichheexplaineditsoundsreasonable.,_,that,_,that,_,why,it,_,Correctthesentences:,13.Thoseatthedeskwanttobuyticketswritedownyournames.14.Thatwasthereasonbecauseshelookedold.15.MissChenistheonlyoneofthefewteacherswhogiveuswonderfulEnglishlessonsinourschool.16.Taiwan,thatweknow,belongstoChina.,as,who,_,_,_,gives,why,AdverbialClause,學(xué)習(xí)要點,什么是狀語從句狀語從句的分類從句與主句的時態(tài)一致,一、什么是狀語從句？用一個句子（從句）來作另一個句子（主句）的狀語，用作狀語的句子就叫作狀語從句。作什么樣的狀語就叫什么類型的狀語從句。例如：條件狀語從句就是用一個句子來作條件狀語。,二、狀語從句的分類。1）時間狀語從句2）條件狀語從句3）地點狀語從句4）原因狀語從句5）目的狀語從句,6）結(jié)果狀語從句7）讓步狀語從句8）方式狀語從句9）比較狀語從句,（1）時間狀語從句用法要點凡是從句都必須有引導(dǎo)詞，引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句的詞有when，before，after，until，assoonas，while,as,whenever,since等，具體用法如下：1.when意為“當(dāng)時”，引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，表示主句的動作和從句的動作同時或先后發(fā)生。例如：,Ifeelveryhappywhenyoucometoseeme.你（們）來看我時，我感到很高興。Whenyouarecrossingthestreet，youmustbecareful.你（們）過街道時，一定要小心。when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句，when的從句可以用延續(xù)性動詞，也可以用點動詞。eg.HewasworkingatthetablewhenIwentin.當(dāng)我進去的時候，他正在桌旁工作。SomeoneknockedatthedoorwhenIwassleeping.當(dāng)我正在睡覺時，有人敲門。IwillvisitmygoodfriendwhenIhavetime.當(dāng)我有空兒時，我將去看望我的好友。IworkedforaforeigncompanywhenIwasinShanghai.當(dāng)我在上海時，我為一家外國企業(yè)工作。,注：when也可以作并列連詞，表示一個動詞正在進行的時候，突然間發(fā)生了另外一件事。eg.Iwasfishingbytheriver，whensomeonecalledforhelp.我正在河邊釣魚，就在那時有人求救。Wewereworkinginthechemistrylab，whenthelightswentout.我們正在化學(xué)實驗室工作，突然燈都熄滅了。,2.before意為“在之前”，引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句時，表示主句的動作發(fā)生在從句的動作之前。例如：Wecleanedtheclassroombeforeweleftschoolyesterday.昨天離開學(xué)校之前，我們打掃了教室。Hehadbeenacookbeforehewenttocollege.他上大學(xué)前曾當(dāng)過廚師。after意為“在之后”，引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句時，表示主句的動作發(fā)生在從句的動作之后。例如：Afteryouuseplasticbags，youmustntthrowthemabout.你（們）用過了塑料袋之后，不準到處亂扔。Hecalledmeafterhehadfinishedhiswork.他在工作完之后給我打了個電話。注：若主句和從句兩個動作發(fā)生的先后順序十分接近，那么也可以不用完成時態(tài)，例如上面的第二句可改成：Hecalledmeafterhefinishedhiswork.,3.since引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句，譯為“自從”，主句常用現(xiàn)在完成時，從句常用一般過去時。eg.Wehavemademanydumplingssincewebegantocook.自從我們開始做飯起，我們已經(jīng)包了許多餃子了。Wehaventseeneachothersinceweparted.我們自從分手以后一直沒見過面。注：常用句型：Itis+時間段+since從句譯為：自從有多長時間了。eg.Itissixyearssinceshegraduatedfromtheuniversity.自從她大學(xué)畢業(yè)已有六年的時間了。,4.until意為“直到時”，引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句時，表示主句的動作發(fā)生在從句的動作之前。當(dāng)主句的謂語動詞是持續(xù)性動詞時，主句常用肯定形式；當(dāng)主句的謂語動詞是非持續(xù)性動詞時，主句常用否定形式，notuntil意為“直到才”，這時的until可以用before來替換。例如：Illstayhereuntilyoucomeback.我會呆在這里，直到你回來。（stay表示的動作可以持續(xù)）Hedidntgotobeduntilhefinishedhishomework.他直到做完作業(yè)才睡覺。（gotobed表示的動作不能持續(xù)）,5.assoonas意為“一就”，表示從句的動作一發(fā)生，主句的動作馬上就發(fā)生。例如：Illtellhimaboutitassoonashecomesback.他一回來我就告訴他這件事。,6.while引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句，常譯為“與同時，在期間”，while的從句中常用延續(xù)性動詞或表示狀態(tài)的詞。eg.Theyrushedinwhilewewerediscussingproblems.當(dāng)我們正在討論問題時，他們沖了進來。FatherwascleaningthecarwhileIwasplayingcomputergames.當(dāng)我正在打電子游戲時，爸爸正在清洗汽車。注：while也可以作并列連詞，表轉(zhuǎn)折的關(guān)系，相當(dāng)于but，譯為“然而”。eg.Ilikelisteningtomusic，whilemybrotherlikesdoingsports.我喜歡聽音樂，而我的兄弟愛好運動。,7.till和until引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句，譯為“直到為止”，nottill/until引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句，譯為“直到才”。前者強調(diào)主句動作的結(jié)束，用延續(xù)性動詞，后者強調(diào)主句動作的開始，用點動詞。eg.Iwillwaitformyfrienduntil/tillhecomes.我要一直等到我朋友來。Wewontstartourdiscussionuntil/tillhecomes.我們要等到他來了，再開始我們的討論。,8.某些起連詞作用的名詞詞組，如：themoment,theinstant,theminute,thesecond,everytime,eachtime,nexttime,allthetime,anytime,thefirst/second/lasttime也可用來引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句：Youarewelcometocomebackanytimeyouwantto.你什么時候想回來，我們都歡迎。,三級考試真題,_Susangetsontothetopofatallbuilding,shewillfeelverymuchfrightened.(2005,6)A.NowthatB.EventhoughC.EverytimeD.OnlyifTheyoungmanlosthisjoblastmonth,butitwasntlong_hefoundanewpositioninmycompany.(2006,6)A.beforeB.whileC.asD.after,C,A,三級考試真題,Theyhadtalkedonlyforafew_theyfoundtheywereofdifferentopinions.(2008,12)A.unlessB.whileC.beforeD.onceIllaskMr.Smithtoringyouup_hecomesbacktotheoffice.(2007,12)A.whenB.whereC.becauseD.although,C,A,三級考試真題,Thepolicemansawthethief_heappearedonthestreetcorner.(2006,12)A.notuntilB.aslongasC.themomentD.onlyifLiLeididntmeetthefamousAmericanprofessor_hewasonholidayinAmericalastyear.(2004,6)A.unlessB.untilC.ifD.whether,C,B,專升本考試真題,Thepatientknewnothingabouthisillness_thedoctortoldhim.(2003)A.afterB.whileC.untilD.since,C,（2）條件狀語從句用法要點,主要連詞,If,unless,provided/providingthat,suppose/supposing(that),as/solongas,incase,onconditionthat,由if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句。if意為“如果”，引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句時，表示假如有從句的動作發(fā)生就（不）會有主句的動作發(fā)生。例如：Ifitdoesntraintomorrow，wewillgotherebybike.如果明天不下雨，我們就騎自行車去那里。IfIgetthereearly，Icanseethedoctorquickly.如果我早早地到那里，我就可以快點看病。,三級考試真題,Youcantgetadriverslicense_youareatleastsixteenyearsold.(2006,6)A.ifB.unlessC.whenD.though_youhaveanyquestionsorneeds,pleasecontactthemanagerafter5:00p.m.onweekdays.(2005,12)A.BecauseB.whereC.IfD.although,B,C,三級試題,_heisstillworkingontheproject,Idontmindwhenhewillfinishit.(2004,6)A.IncaseB.AslongasC.EvenifD.Asfaras,B,專升本考試真題,_hewasseriouslyill,Iwouldnthavetoldhimthetruth.(2001)A.IfIknewB.IfIknowC.HadIknownD.DidIknow,C,（3）地點狀語從句用法要點,主要連詞,Where,wherever,常用where（哪里）和wherever（無論哪里）eg.Wherethereisawill，thereisaway.有志者，事竟成。Wewillgowhereverthemotherlandneedusmost.我們要到祖國最需要的地方去。,（4）原因狀語從句用法要點,常用的引導(dǎo)連詞有because，as和since，三者的區(qū)別是：在回答問題的時候，使用because；對于顯而易見的原因，常用as或since；as和since的從句常放在主句之前，而because的從句常放在主句之后。還有nowthat等Whydidyougo？IwentbecauseTomtoldmetogo.你為何去？那是因為湯姆叫我去。Hewasangrynotbecausewewerelatebutbecausewemadeanoise.他很生氣不是因為我們來遲了，而是因為我們弄出了聲音。Asitwasraininghard，wehadtobeindoors.由于雨太大，我們只好呆在家里。Sinceyoufeelill，youdbetternotgotowork.既然你感覺不舒服，你最好不要去上班了。,三級試題,Shedidntgotothepartylastnight,_shehadtofinishhertermpaper.(2007,6)A.ifB.thoughC.tillD.because,D,專升本考試真題,_youvegotanopportunity,youshouldtakegoodadvantageofit.(2009)A.NowthatB.AfterC.AlthoughD.Assoonas,A,（5）目的狀語從句用法要點,常用的引導(dǎo)連詞有sothat，that,inorderthat以便，為了，目的是,lest以免,forfearthat以免,incase以免，以防Pleasespeakmoreslowlysothatwecanmakefullnotes.請講慢一點，以便我們能作詳細筆記。IshallwritedownyouraddressthatImaynotforget.我要把你的地址記下來，以免忘記。Isenttheletterbyairmailinorderthatitmightreachhimintime.這封信我以航空信發(fā)出，以便他能及時收到。注：目的狀語從句可以用動詞不定式來替換做目的狀語。eg.Weworkharderthanusualtofinishitinaweek.我們比平常加倍努力工作以在一周內(nèi)完成工作。,三級試題,Whenhewentout,hewouldwearsunglasses_nobodywouldrecognizehim.(2003,1)A.sothatB.nowthatC.asthoughD.incase,A,專升本考試真題,Whenhewentout,hewouldwearsunglasses_nobodywouldrecognizehim.(2001)A.sothatB.nowthatC.asthoughD.incase,A,（6）讓步狀語從句用法要點,引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的從屬連詞有although,though,as,while(雖然),evenif/though(即使),whatever(無論什么),whereas（可是）whetheror(不論/不管還是)以及“疑問詞+ever”和“nomatter+疑問詞”等。如：,Although/Thoughtheyarepoortheyarehappy.雖然他們很窮，但很快樂。Thoughheisveryold,heworkshard.盡管他年老了但仍努力工作。Tiredashewas,hesatuplate.他雖然疲倦,可仍然很晚才睡。WhileIlikethecolorofthehat,Idonotlikeitsshape.雖然我喜歡這頂帽子的顏色，但我不喜歡它的形狀。Illgoevenif/thoughitsnows.即使下雪我也要去。Whetheryoubelieveitornot,itistrue.不管你信還是不信，這的確是事實。However(=Nomatterhow)tiredyoumaybe,youmustdoittoday.不管怎樣累,你也得今天做。Wherever(=Nomatterwhere)Iam,Iwillbethinkingofyou.不管我在哪里我都會想到你。,注意：1.as作“雖然”解，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時，從句中的狀語、表語或動詞必須置于句首，though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句，也可將這些成分置于句首，但although等其它詞引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句不能將這些成分前置。如：Hardas/thoughtheytried(=Although/Thoughtheytriedhard),theycouldntmakeherchangehermind.盡管他們做了很大努力，卻沒法讓她改變主意。,2.引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時，若提前的是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，要省略不定冠詞。如：Childasheis,heknowsalot.雖然他是孩子，但他卻很懂事了。3.表示“雖然”的連詞不能與表示“但是”的連詞but連用，但可以yet或still等副詞連用。如：譯：雖然當(dāng)時正下著雨，他還是到那里去了。誤：Thoughitwasraining,buthewentthere.正：Thoughitwasraining,hewentthere.正：Itwasraining,buthewentthere.正：Thoughitwasraining,yethewentthere.,三級考試真題,Young_heis,hehasprovedtobeanablesalesman.(2007,12)A.thatB.whoD.asD.whichHeboughtanexpensivecoat_hehadnojob.(levelB2003,12)A.unlessB.sinceC.althoughD.till,C,c,專升本考試真題,SomemembersofthestaffcouldnthandleMurrayscondition,hard_theytried.(2004)A.asB.althoughC.whenD.evenif,A,（7）結(jié)果狀語從句用法要點,引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句的從屬連詞有sothat（以致，結(jié)果），sothat,suchthat（如此以至于）等。如：Wearrivedearly,so(that)wegotgoodseats.我們到得很早，因此我們座位很好。Itwassohotthatwewantedtogoswimming.天氣太熱，我們想去游泳。Sheissogoodateacher(=Sheissuchagoodteacher)thatallthestudentslikeher.她是那么好的老師，每個學(xué)生都喜歡她。,注意：1.在口語中that常省略。如：IamsobusyIhavenotimetowritealetter.我是那樣忙，寫信的時間都沒有。2.有時主句中還有倒裝語序。如：Sobrightwasthemoonthattheflowerswerebrightasbyday.月亮是那樣亮，花都像白天時那樣鮮艷。,（8）方式狀語從句,通常由as,（just）asso,asif,asthough引導(dǎo)。1）as,（just）asso引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句通常位于主句后，但在（just）asso結(jié)構(gòu)中位于句首，這時as從句帶有比喻的含義，意思是正如，就像，多用于正式文體。例如：Alwaysdototheothersasyouwouldbedoneby.你希望人家怎樣待你，你就要怎樣待人。Aswateristofish,soairistoman.我們離不開空氣，猶如魚兒離不開水。Justaswesweepourrooms,soweshouldsweepbackwardideasfromourminds.正如打掃房屋一樣，我們也要掃除我們頭腦中落后的東西。,asif,asthough兩者的意義和用法相同，引出的狀語從句謂語多用虛擬語氣，表示與事實相反，有時也用陳述語氣，表示所說情況是事實或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的可能性較大。漢譯常作仿佛似的，好像似的。例如：Theycompletelyignorethesefactsasif（asthough）theyneverexisted.他們完全忽略了這些事實，就仿佛它不存在似的。（與事實相反，謂語用虛擬語氣。）Helooksasif（asthough）hehadbeenhitbylighting.他那樣子就像被雷擊了似的。（與事實相反，謂語用虛擬語氣。）Itlooksasiftheweathermaypickupverysoon.看來天氣很快就會好起來。（實現(xiàn)的可能性較大，謂語用陳述語氣。）,說明：asif/asthough也可以引導(dǎo)一個分詞短語、不定式短語或無動詞短語。例如：Hestaredatmeasifseeingmeforfirsttime.他目不轉(zhuǎn)睛地看著我，就像第一次看見我似的。Heclearedhisthroatasiftosaysomething.他清了清嗓子，像要說什么似的。Thewavesdashedontherocksasifinanger.波濤沖擊著巖石，好像很憤怒。,（9）比較狀語從句,a.主語+謂語+as+形容詞/副詞+as+被比對象主語+謂語+notso/as+形容詞/副詞+(名詞)+as+被比對象比較句的肯定形式還有thesameas,suchas；否定形式還有notthesameas,notsuchas,Yournameisthesameasyourfathers.Herdresswasthesamecolorasmine.Yourwatchisnotthesameashis.Inevermetsuchamanasyouryoungerbrother.,b.主語+謂語+形容詞/副詞比較級+than+被比對象在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中，有時比較對象需要根據(jù)上下文內(nèi)容進行判斷；有時對象含蓄在主句中，這時后面往往是一個表示時間或條件的修飾語。,Takingthismedicinehelpstorelievehi