section grammar學(xué)生用書(shū)p115(單獨(dú)成冊(cè)) 選詞填空1my mother suggested that we should(should/will) go to the nature park this weekend.2if you earn more than 5，000 yuan, you have to(have to/can) pay tax(稅)3you cant(cant/neednt) go to the wedding in that old shirt. it is out of fashion.4you ought to(ought to/will) give up smoking. it does no good to your health.5if you can lend me the money, i neednt(shouldnt/neednt) go to the bank.6you oughtnt to(oughtnt to/wont) go on working because you look so tired now.7you shouldnt(shouldnt/neednt) laugh at her just because her english isnt very good.8the students mustnt(mustnt/neednt) make a noise in the reading room.9youre johns good friend, so you must(must/have to) know what he likes to do at the weekend.10you neednt(couldnt/neednt) have taken a taxi here, for it was very near to my house. 閱讀理解certain countries have taken strict action on smoking by completely banning it. however, people across the world still do not take it seriously. around the world, about 10 million cigarettes are bought in a minute, 15 billion are sold each day, and over 5，000 billion are produced and used per year.if people out on the streets or in front of supermarkets smoke openly, others passing by these smokers will breathe the smoke unwillingly, which can increase their risks of getting health problems unfortunately. in fact, one little cigarette contains about 7，000 chemicals, 69 of which have been proven to cause cancers. cigarette smoke without doubt does no good to humans. worldwide tobacco(煙草) causes 6 million deaths per year, and that means there is one death every 5 seconds.cigarettes are made from tobacco leaves. they originally take in all the carbon from the air as they grow. when you smoke them, youre just returning the carbon to the air. thus, cigarettes increase the detrimental chemicals in the air that finally damage the quality of the air. to tell the truth, the air pollution caused by cigarettes is 10 times greater than that by cars.i have already made sure that smoking pollutes the air, but unfortunately, the damage to the environment does not stop there. its estimated that 1.69 billion pounds of cigarette butts(煙頭) become rubbish each year. the rubbish can almost be found everywhere, which is the most ignored problem of the cigarettes. about 2 million of these cigarette butts are found in water, which results in the death of some animals. the cigarette butts that are thrown away carelessly can be dangerous to animals both on land and in the water.the only measure that we can take to improve this situation is to stop smoking and more importantly, to stop littering(亂扔) cigarette butts. take care of yourself and take care of the environment by putting a stop to smoking.【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇議論文。作者主要論述了吸煙對(duì)身體及環(huán)境的危害并呼吁人們戒煙。1what does the author want to show by mentioning the numbers in the first paragraph?asmoking is not easy to ban.bcigarettes are sold well worldwide.cpeople spend too much on smoking each year.dmany people havent realized the necessity of stopping smoking.d解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的certain countries have taken strict action on smoking by completely banning it. however, people across the world still do not take it seriously.可知，作者在此段用數(shù)字論述主要是為了表明：很多人還沒(méi)有意識(shí)到戒煙的必要性。2what does the second paragraph mainly talk about?athe chemicals included in cigarettes.bthe health problems caused by smoking.cthe importance of avoiding smoking passively.dthe negative effects of smoking on human health.d解析：段落大意題。根據(jù)第二段的內(nèi)容可知，本段主要講的是無(wú)論是被動(dòng)吸煙還是主動(dòng)吸煙，都會(huì)對(duì)人的身體造成不利影響。3what does the underlined word “detrimental” in paragraph 3 probably mean?arare.bharmful.cmajor.ddifferent.b解析：詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段畫(huà)線詞后的that finally damage the quality of the air可知，香煙會(huì)使空氣中“有害的”化學(xué)物質(zhì)增加，這些化學(xué)物質(zhì)最終會(huì)破壞空氣質(zhì)量。4the most unnoticed problem about cigarettes is that cigarette butts _apollute the waterbcause too much rubbishcare dropped everywheredlead to many animals deathc解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段的the rubbish can almost be found everywhere, which is the most ignored problem of the cigarettes.可知，每年的煙頭垃圾很多，而這些垃圾被亂扔是香煙問(wèn)題中最容易被忽視的。 完形填空nick prosser, a 28yearold man from rotorua, new zealand, has been stuttering(口吃) for as long as he could remember. but he found a simple way to _1_ his stutter completely by accident, while trying _2_ accents(口音) with a friend, for fun. when he tried the irish accent, both he and his friend were _3_ because they found that nicks stutter _4_. he was able to talk for a long time _5_ stutters at all, which had _6_ happened before. he just couldnt believe that something so easy could deal with such a _7_ that had greatly affected his _8_ ever since he was a child.stuttering may not seem like the most _9_ shortcoming a person could have, but the 28yearold claims that it had always held him back during ordinary _10_ and even at his jobs. he doesnt consider himself a(n) _11_ boy. however, he was always _12_ that he sometimes opened his mouth to say something and the words just couldnt _13_. however, now that he has _14_ this treatment, he is much more confident.interestingly, nick has never been to ireland, but he believes that speaking in an irish accent comes _15_ to him because of his mother, who _16_ an irish family. he _17_ people suffering from a similar stutter to try looking at their genealogy(家譜) and speaking in an accent related to it. however, local speech specialist annette stock said that she hadnt heard about this _18_， and that she would be surprised if it still _19_ in six months. “we know that singing certainly helps with people that have a stutter _20_ you cant just go around singing in your everyday life，” stock said.【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了一個(gè)飽受口吃困擾多年的新西蘭小伙意外地發(fā)現(xiàn)嘗試愛(ài)爾蘭口音竟然治好了自己的毛病，他建議口吃的人嘗試和自己宗譜有關(guān)的語(yǔ)言來(lái)治療口吃。1a.treatbdevelopcstudydhidea解析：根據(jù)下文中的he just couldnt believe that something so easy could deal with可知，nick意外地發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)治療(treat)口吃的簡(jiǎn)單療法。2a.differentblocalcfamiliardtraditionala解析：根據(jù)本空后的accents(口音) with a friend, for fun. when he tried the irish accent可知，為了好玩，nick和朋友嘗試不同(different)的口音。3a.amazedbconfusedcmoveddconcerneda解析：根據(jù)下文的he was able to talk for a long time可推測(cè)，他們驚訝地(amazed)發(fā)現(xiàn)nick的口吃消失了。4a.worsenedbchangedcoccurredddisappearedd解析：根據(jù)本空后的he was able to talk for a long time可知，nick的口吃消失了(disappeared)。5a.despitebwithoutclikedbeyondb解析：他能在沒(méi)有(without)口吃的情況下長(zhǎng)時(shí)間交談。6a.everbseldomcneverdmerelyc解析：nick飽受口吃困擾多年，他以前從未(never)說(shuō)話這么流利過(guò)。7a.problembrelationshipcquestiondsubjecta解析：口吃是影響nick很多年的一種毛病(problem)。8a.confidencebappearancecdecisionsdgradesa解析：根據(jù)下文中的he is much more confident可知，口吃嚴(yán)重打擊他的自信心(confidence)。9a.obviousbseriousccommondunavoidableb解析：根據(jù)本空后的shortcoming a person could have, but the 28yearold claims that it had always held him back可知，口吃似乎不是一個(gè)人可能遇到的最嚴(yán)重的(serious)問(wèn)題。10a.exercisesbimprovementscconversationsdtasksc解析：口吃影響最大的當(dāng)然是會(huì)話(conversations)。11a.impatientbunfriendlycshydproudc解析：一般來(lái)說(shuō)，口吃是因?yàn)楹π撸玭ick并不認(rèn)為自己是個(gè)害羞的(shy)人。12a.excitedbtiredcfrighteneddupsetd解析：根據(jù)本空后的that he sometimes opened his mouth to say something and the words just couldnt.可知，話到嘴邊卻說(shuō)不出來(lái)讓nick感到很沮喪(upset)。13a.make sensebcome outcmatterdspreadb解析：口吃的癥狀就是話到嘴邊卻說(shuō)不出來(lái)(come out)。14a.inventedbsufferedcdiscovereddabandonedc解析：根據(jù)上文中的but he found a simple way可知，nick發(fā)現(xiàn)(discovered)了一個(gè)治療口吃的方法。15a.unlikelybunluckilycsuddenlydnaturallyd解析：根據(jù)本空后的to him because of his mother可知，nick認(rèn)為自己天生(naturally)就會(huì)說(shuō)愛(ài)爾蘭口音是因?yàn)樗膵寢尅?6a.comes frombdeals withcbrings updmakes upa解析：他的媽媽來(lái)自(comes from)一個(gè)愛(ài)爾蘭家庭。17a.warnsbforbidscteachesdadvisesd解析：根據(jù)本空后的people suffering from a similar stutter to try looking at their genealogy(家譜)可知，nick建議(advises)有口吃的人去查一查家譜。18a.researchbmethodcexplanationdexampleb解析：nick認(rèn)為說(shuō)和自己家譜有關(guān)的語(yǔ)言是治療口吃的方法(method)。19a.existedbstoppedcpasseddworkedd解析：根據(jù)本空前的however, local speech specialist annette stock said that she hadnt heard about this.and that she would be surprised if it still.可知，語(yǔ)言學(xué)家annette stock認(rèn)為如果nick的方法在六個(gè)月后依然奏效(worked)的話她會(huì)感到很驚訝。20a.asbsincecbutdforc解析：根據(jù)句意可知，我們知道唱歌肯定有助于那些口吃的人，但你不能在日常生活中天天唱歌，此處是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故用but連接。 語(yǔ)法填空eating dinner at least two hours before bedtime could lower the risk of 1._(develop) breast and prostate cancer, new research suggests.people who ate 2._(they) evening meals before 9 pm or 3._(wait) two hours after eating before going to sleep were found to have a 20 percent decreased risk of cancer 4._(compare) to those who ate after 10 pm or close to bedtime.researchers from the barcelona institute for global health found the reason 5._ this is that before you go to sleep, your metabolism(新陳代謝) will begin to slow down but eating will make it speed up again. this will influence the hormones(激素) that influence the bodys internal clock, 6._ will raise the risk of breast and prostate cancer.the research is the first to look at the connection between cancer risk 7._ the timing of mea