核心素養(yǎng)測評十九 module 1 life in the future. 閱讀理解 aimagine you enter a car with no steering wheel or no brake. under a voice-activated command, you say an address. “the fastest route will take us 15. 3 minutes. should i take it? ” you say “yes” and you are on your way. the car responds (做出回應(yīng))and starts moving all by itself. all you have to do is to sit back and relax. how strange would it be if, one day in the future, everyone had such a car? no crazy driving, no quarrels, no cutting in; traffic laws would be respected and driving much safer. on the other hand, imagine the cost savings for local police enforcement (強(qiáng)制執(zhí)行) and town budgets(預(yù)算) without all those speeding and parking tickets. a new technology has the possibility to change modern society thoroughly. theres no question that self-driving vehicles could be good. the accident statistics would drop: about 94% of road accidents in the u. s. are caused by man. older drivers and people with disabilities would travel a lot. keeping safe speeds and being electric, self-driving cars would sharply reduce pollution levels and depend on alternative energy. roads would be quieter, people safer. but we must also consider the effect of the new technology on those who now depend on driving for their living. the american trucking association lists about 3. 5 million professional truck drivers in the us. the companies developing self-driving vehicles should be partnering with state and federal authorities to offer retraining for this large workforce (勞動力). new technologies will, and should, be developed. this is how society moves forward. however, progress cant be one-sided. it is necessary for the companies and state agencies involved to consider the results of these possible changes to build a better future for all. 【文章大意】作者陳述了將來出現(xiàn)無人駕駛的汽車之后的利弊。1. what would be the effect of the wide use of driverless cars? a. more policemen would inspect the streets. b. people would never feel angry about the traffic. c. it would save local governments a lot of money. d. traffic regulations would be a thing of the past. 【解析】選c。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的“. . . imagine the cost savings for local police enforcement and town budgets without all those speeding and parking tickets. ”可知, 如果未來每人都有一輛無人駕駛的汽車, 沒有超速和停車的罰單, 對于當(dāng)?shù)鼐斓膹?qiáng)制執(zhí)行以及城市預(yù)算的費用會減少很多。由此可知選c。2. how would driverless cars be good for the elderly and the disabled? a. they would drive a car by themselves. b. they could enjoy more travelling. c. they would suffer no road accidents. d. they could go anywhere they want. 【解析】選b。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“older drivers and people with disabilities would travel a lot. ”可知, 無人駕駛的汽車能讓老年人和殘疾人多旅行。故選b。3. what would be the bad effect of driverless cars? a. the world would be full of unemployed drivers. b. many drivers would have to find new ways of making a living. c. drivers would have a hard time adapting to new road conditions. d. some departments of society would disappear. 【解析】選b。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段可知無人駕駛的汽車會影響職業(yè)司機(jī), 研發(fā)自駕汽車的公司將會聯(lián)合州和聯(lián)邦政府為那么多勞動力提供再培訓(xùn)。由此可知選b。4. what does the author suggest businesses and the government do? a. make new technologies helpful to everyone. b. improve peoples living standard. c. make new technologies affordable to everyone. d. make full use of new technologies. 【解析】選a。推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段可知, 作者建議應(yīng)該研發(fā)新技術(shù), 但是有關(guān)的公司和國家機(jī)構(gòu)應(yīng)該考慮這些新技術(shù)帶來的變化, 進(jìn)步不能是片面的。由此可知, 作者建議新技術(shù)應(yīng)該對所有人都有益。故選a。【知識拓展】佳詞積累1. brake n. 車閘2. voice-activated adj. 聲控的3. cut in 突然插到前面4. speed n. 速度v. 超速5. partner n. 伙伴v. 與合伙6. involved adj. 有關(guān)的bfor centuries, people have moved to and lived in cities. these urban centres are places to find work, friends and fun. its no surprise that they continue to grow as more and more people flood in hoping to make the most of the chances they offer but adding to the congestion and pollution that already exist. according to a report by the united nations, 54 per cent of the worlds population lives in urban areas and it predicts that by 2050, this figure will have increased to around 70 per cent. but as more and more people move from the countryside to the city to get better chances, they can end up with nowhere to live. this is true in places such as rio de janeiro, where the people from the countryside cant rent or buy a home, and they end up building their own communities and houses on unoccupied land. these are called shanty townspoor communities where the houses are built out of cheap materials and often dont have any electricity or water supply. these are, of course, not the future cities we want to see. some serious urban planning is needed to make our cities of the future good, safe and modern places to live in. this involves improving the housing conditions, the chances for education and employment and so on. something urban planners are looking at now is the creation of “smart cities”. according to john rossant, founder and chairman of the non-profit organisation new cities foundation, technology is the way forward. he thinks that its generally accepted that “cloud computing, ubiquitous internet, robust 5g networks etc, will change our cities. ” he says technology is really “a game changer”, in urbanization (城市化). it would collect large amounts of data about how a city is working and may improve how a city functions. 【文章大意】未來城市的發(fā)展會是什么樣的? 隨著人們移居城市追求更好的工作和生活, 城市人口增長, 城市發(fā)展將面臨很多機(jī)遇和挑戰(zhàn)。5. why will a larger population be living in a city by 2050? a. because more people will move into it to get more good opportunities. b. because more people will have more children. c. because the countryside will disappear. d. because the government encourages the development of cities. 【解析】選a。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“its no surprise that they continue to grow as more and more people flood in hoping to make the most of the chances they offer. . . ”以及第二段的“more and more people move from the countryside to the city to get better chances”可知, 隨著人們移居城市追求更好的工作和生活, 城市繼續(xù)擴(kuò)大, 人口繼續(xù)增長。故選a。6. what can we know about shanty towns? a. they have good quality housing built for poor people. b. they are filled with people living under poverty. c. they are built by the government. d. they are developed and modern. 【解析】選b。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“these are called shanty townspoor communities where the houses are built out of cheap materials and often dont have any electricity or water supply. ”可知。7. what name is given to a city that uses technology to help it function properly? a. traditional cities. b. future cities. c. smart cities. d. developing cities. 【解析】選c。推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容可知, 利用高科技使城市運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn), 這樣的城市被稱作“smart cities智能城市”。故選c?！局R拓展】長難句分析its no surprise that they continue to grow as more and more people flood in hoping to make the most of the chances they offer but adding to the congestion and pollution that already exist. 分析: it作形式主語, that they continue to grow 是真正的主語從句。as引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句, 在狀語從句中, hoping to make the most of the chances they offer和 adding to the congestion and pollution that already exist是兩個現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語。在這兩個現(xiàn)在分詞短語中又有兩個定語從句, 它們分別是they offer和that already exist。前者修飾先行詞chances, 后者修飾congestion and pollution。翻譯: 它們繼續(xù)變大是不足為奇的, 因為越來越多的人涌進(jìn)來, 希望利用它們提供的機(jī)會, 但是卻增加了已經(jīng)存在的擁擠和污染。. 完形填空(2020哈爾濱模擬)i used to go to the gym a lot, so when i started to get pains in my neck, i just assumed i had pulled something. but when i couldnt 1 my neck or look left, right, up or down, i went to the doctor and i was told that i had a rare type of cancer that 2 the throat. it was 3. at the time i was 4 twenty. having cancer and getting 5 influenced a lot of things. the side effects from my treatment were really bad. i couldnt work, and i wasnt able to go out with my friends. i would rather not go through it. 6, the youth support volunteers encouraged me to keep going, which gave me the motivation to 7 treatment. besides, my family was really there to 8 me, and it drew us 9. during my treatment, i 10 new friends through teenage cancer trusts social events. they were 11 people who had been through cancer as well. the conversation between us 12 more easily as we had things in common. i 13 them to stay optimistic. as i 14 working out, now i want to become a health 15 to guide young people suffering from cancer. they often lose or gain a lot of weight, which can affect their 16. so i can use my 17 to help them get back to fitness. i lost much weight and im trying to 18 it so i can be an inspiration for them. in a way, i see having cancer as a 19 thing. it was a test for me and i am now going down a better 20. 【文章大意】作者經(jīng)歷了癌癥后加入志愿者隊伍, 幫助那些患癌癥的年輕人恢復(fù)健康。1. a. scratch b. hold c. liftd. pull【解析】選c。此處指我不能抬起我的脖子, 不能上下左右地看。scratch抓, 擦; hold抓住; lift舉起, 抬起; pull拉。2. a. demandedb. injectedc. displayedd. affected【解析】選d。我去看醫(yī)生, 醫(yī)生告訴我我患了一種罕見的癌癥, 它影響我的喉嚨。demand要求; inject注射; display展示; affect影響。3. a. scaryb. clumsyc. lucky d. exciting【解析】選a。被告知得了癌癥, 這是嚇人的。scary嚇人的; clumsy笨拙的; lucky幸運(yùn)的; exciting令人激動的。4. a. alsob. stillc. onlyd. even【解析】選c。那時我只有20歲。also也; still仍然; only只有; even甚至。5. a. experimentb. treatmentc. donationd. experience【解析】選b。此處指患癌癥和接受治療影響了許多事情。根據(jù)下一句的treatment可以猜出答案。experiment實驗; treatment治療; donation捐贈; experience經(jīng)歷, 經(jīng)驗。6. a. actuallyb. eventuallyc. fortunatelyd. gradually【解析】選c。此處指幸運(yùn)的是, 青年支持志愿者們鼓勵我堅持下去。actually實際上; eventually最后; fortunately幸運(yùn)的是; gradually逐漸地。7. a. focus on b. carry onc. take on d. depend on【解析】選b。此處指(他們的鼓勵)激勵我繼續(xù)治療。focus on集中于; carry on繼續(xù); take on雇用, 呈現(xiàn); depend on依靠。8. a. realizeb. believec. supportd. consult【解析】選c。此處指我的家人也支持我。realize實現(xiàn), 意識到; believe相信; support支持; consult咨詢。9. a. closerb. furtherc. clevererd. worse【解析】選a。此處指家人的支持使我們關(guān)系更加親密。close親密的; far遠(yuǎn)的; clever聰明的; bad糟糕的。10. a. sharedb. exchangedc. avoidedd. made【解析】選d。此處指我在治療期間結(jié)交了新朋友。make friends交朋友。11. a. lovelyb. youngc. matured. smart【解析】選b。根據(jù)前面一句中的teenage cancer trusts social events可知, 作者結(jié)交的朋友都是患過癌癥的年輕人。lovely可愛的; young年輕的; mature成熟的; smart聰明的, 時髦的。12. a. flowedb. hitc. appliedd. discussed【解析】選a。因為我們有很多共同點所以我們的談話很順暢。flow流出, (談話、文體等)流暢; hit打擊; apply申請, 應(yīng)用; discuss討論。13. a. inspiredb. discouragedc. warnedd. wished【解析】選a。我激勵他們保持樂觀。inspire激勵; discourage使氣餒; warn警告; wish希望。14. a. admitb. imaginec. admired. love【解析】選d。此處指因為我熱愛鍛煉, 我想成為一個健身教練來指導(dǎo)患癌癥的年輕人。admit承認(rèn); imagine想象; admire欽佩; love熱愛。15. a. patientb. coachc. ministerd. doctor【解析】選b。health coach健身教練。16. a. delightb. processc. troubled. health【解析】選d。他們經(jīng)常體重減少或者體重增加, 這都影響他們的健康。delight高興; process過程; trouble麻煩; health健康。17. a. gradesb. qualificationc. impressiond. problem【解析】選b。此處指我能利用我的(健身教練的)資格幫助他們恢復(fù)健康。grade年級, 成績; qualification資格, 合格證書; impression印象; problem問題。18. a. recallb. returnc. regaind. review【解析】選c。我的體重減了很多, 我想再次增加體重。recall回憶; return回來, 歸還; regain重新獲得; review復(fù)習(xí)。19. a. positiveb. negativec. depressedd. moved【解析】選a。在某種程度上, 我把患癌癥看作是一件好事。positive積極的, 正面的; negative消極的; depressed感到沮喪的; moved感動的。20. a. roleb. concernc. behaviord. path【解析】選d。患癌癥對我來說是一次考驗, 我現(xiàn)在正沿著一條更好的路前行。role作用, 角色; concern關(guān)心; behavior行為; path小徑, 路?！局R拓展】佳詞積累1. pain n. 疼痛2. neck n. 脖子3. go through 經(jīng)歷4. draw sb. close 把某人拉近5. motivation n. 動力, 積極性6. work out 鍛煉. 語法填空閱讀下面短文, 在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)單詞或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。the simpsons, a 31-year-old tv show, has seen some very famous faces and made some correct predictions. do you remember in 2000, 1. the simpsons predicted that donald trump would one day be president of the united states? back then, it seemed 2. (possible)nothing but a joke. however, 17 years later, the joke became a 3. (real). trumps 4. (become) president is just one of the fun predictions 5. (make) by the long-running tv show that have come true. other predictions include americas ebola breakout and the invention of face time. however, the tv show predicted