“語法填空”解題指導(dǎo),語法填空題能力要求,1、閱讀/理解語篇的能力;2、分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)的能力;3、熟練運(yùn)用語法的能力。,語法填空的考查范圍：,語法填空題的考查方式，主要有兩類：自由填空類和提示性填空類，這兩類考查的語言項(xiàng)目有所不同：自由填空類?？疾榈恼Z言項(xiàng)目主要有：行文邏輯、連詞、介詞、關(guān)系代詞、情態(tài)動詞、冠詞等。提示性填空類。考查的語言項(xiàng)目主要有：動詞時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)、非謂語動詞、形容詞、副詞、名詞等。（所填寫詞語不得多于3個單詞）,Ihad1amusingexperiencelastyear.AfterI2(leave)asmallvillageinthesouthofFrance,Idroveontothenexttown.3theway,ayoungmanwavedtome.Istoppedandheaskedme4alift.Assoonashehadgotintothecar,IsaidgoodmorningtohiminFrench5herepliedinthesamelanguage.6fromafew7(word),IdontknowanyFrenchatall.Neitherofusspokeduringthejourney.Ihadnearlyreachedthetown,8theyoungmansuddenlysaid,very9(slow),DoyouspeakEnglish?AsIsoonlearnt,hewasEnglish10(he)!,an,hadleft,On,for,and,Apart,words,when,slowly,himself,全文大意：去年我有過一次有趣的經(jīng)歷。在離開法國南部的一個小村莊后，我繼續(xù)駛往下一個城鎮(zhèn)。途中，一個青年人向我招手。我把車停下，他向我提出要求搭車。他一上車，我就用法語向他問早上好，他也同樣用法語回答我。除了個別幾個單詞外，我根本不會法語。旅途中我們誰也沒講話。就要到達(dá)那個鎮(zhèn)時(shí)，那青年突然開了口，慢慢地說道：“你會講英語嗎？”我很快了解到，他自己就是個英國人！,GrammarClozeTest,考點(diǎn),年份,broke(break)settled(settle),results(result)tohelp(help),toplease(please),who,where,but;that,pushed(push),choice(choose),as;for,behind;after/from,on;at,other;her,this;his,it;him,a,a,merrily(merry),higher(high)natural(nature),where,wasinformed(inform),名詞,動詞,連詞,介詞,代詞,冠詞,形容詞副詞,Conclusion,考點(diǎn),年份,名詞,動詞,連詞,介詞,代詞,冠詞,形容詞副詞,Conclusion,實(shí)詞動詞名詞形容詞副詞,詞性,虛詞代詞冠詞介詞連詞引導(dǎo)詞,根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，確定詞性,有提示詞,無提示詞,第一步,確定詞性后，仔細(xì)推敲確定具體填什么詞,冠詞,定冠詞,不定冠詞,并列句及復(fù)合句(狀語/定語/名詞性從句),謂語、非謂語,連詞,介詞,介詞的常用用法及詞組搭配,名詞/副詞/形容詞/,單復(fù)數(shù)、比較級、最高級、詞性轉(zhuǎn)換,動詞,第二步,代詞,指示/人稱/物主/不定代詞；單、復(fù)數(shù)；主格、賓格、所有格,解題技巧一,在做題過程中，要時(shí)時(shí)聯(lián)系上下文，從語篇中去判斷空格處應(yīng)填哪個單詞。,如果空格后是名詞（尤其是單數(shù)名詞），就應(yīng)該考慮空格處是否需要填冠詞(a,an,the)、物主代詞(my,your,his等)、指示代詞(this,that等)、不定代詞(all,each,every,both,neither,other等)或形容詞等進(jìn)行修飾。,3.Thelittleboypulled33_righthandoutofthepocket,冠詞或(物主)代詞,無提示詞可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)之前,1.Thereoncewereagoatandadonkey.Sothefarmerkilled40_goatandgavethedonkeymedicinemadefromitsheart.2.WhenIseeachildsubjecttothiskindofpressure,IthinkofDonnie.Hewas35_shy,nervousperfectionist.,the,a,his,考查語法點(diǎn):定冠詞,不定冠詞,物主代詞的用法,討論歸納,解題技巧二,相反，如果空格是在冠詞、物主代詞、指示代詞、不定代詞、名詞所有格或形容詞之后，則應(yīng)考慮填名詞。但不要忘記，要考慮名詞是否變復(fù)數(shù)，是否有所有格形式等。,挑戰(zhàn)高考,09高考theassistanttriedtoattracther.“Worthdoubletheprice.”ButJaneknewfrompastexperiencethather_36_(choose)oftieshardlyeverpleasedherfather.,choice,考查語法點(diǎn):各類詞性的正確使用及轉(zhuǎn)化,解題技巧三,從句子結(jié)構(gòu)考慮，如果空格前后都有句子，則要根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，選擇適當(dāng)?shù)母痹~或連詞。,because,for,since等；,so,therefore,thus等；,but,or,however,although,though,等。,表示轉(zhuǎn)折：,表示結(jié)果：,表示原因：,表示并列：,and,Hemustfeelthathemusthelp意為“他必須意識到他有責(zé)任施救”，順此推理，這意味著theperson（需要救助的人）將會得到他需要的救助（willgetthehelpheneeds）。后一句的語義卻是否定的(wontget)意味著后面的一句在語法結(jié)構(gòu)上采用了“正話反說”的形式，故填or（不然的話）。也可填入連詞otherwise。,Hemustfeelthathemusthelp,10thepersonwontgetthehelpheneeds.,or,連詞或從句引導(dǎo)詞,無提示詞兩個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)連接,Hewasverytiredafterdoingthisforawholeday,37hefeltveryhappy,but,解題技巧四,缺少介詞。,介詞可位于名詞之前。如atnight,onSunday等；,也可位于形容詞之后，如beinterestedin,begoodat等；,還可位于不及物動詞之后，如listento,arriveat,lookfor等。,GroupC,介詞,無提示詞與名詞相連構(gòu)成介賓短語擔(dān)任狀語,補(bǔ)語等與不及物動詞構(gòu)成動詞短語接賓語,1.Inshort,Ibelievethatitis39_greatusetokeepadairyinEnglish2.WhenItookthemoneyfromhergrandparents,Ilookedback34_thegirl,whowasgivingmethemostoptimistic,largestsmileIhadeverseen.,of,at,考查語法點(diǎn):介詞的基本用法及慣用搭配,討論歸納,解題技巧五,填動詞。一定要考慮動詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)，所以動詞形式的變化也是必不可少的。,如果空格前是助動詞（will,shall等）、情態(tài)動詞（can,may,must等）或是動詞加to的形式，則空格一定是。,如果空格前是have的各種形式，則想到構(gòu)成。,如果空格前是be的各種形式，則想到用。,動詞原形,完成時(shí),進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)或被動語態(tài),GroupD,謂語動詞,有提示詞與主語構(gòu)成主謂結(jié)構(gòu),IwascertainshewouldlikeitbecauseI39_(tell)bymyclassmatesthatshelovedhotfood.6.Hisfearoffailure36_(keep)himawayfromclassroomgamesintheolddays.,wastold,kept,考查語法點(diǎn):謂語動詞的時(shí)態(tài)及語態(tài),及主謂一致,討論歸納,解題技巧六,考查非謂語動詞，包括V-ing形式、V-ed形式和動詞不定式。,如果與中心詞是主動關(guān)系，；,如果與中心詞是被動關(guān)系，；,動詞不定式todo表示將來。,一般用V-ing形式,一般用V-ed形式,GroupE,非謂語動詞,有提示詞除謂語動詞以外的動詞形式,1.Wemustalsoconsiderthereactionoftheperson32_(receive)thegift.2.IthennoticedthatIhadjust10minutesleft_(complete)therest!3.Mypupils,Donnie40_(include),adoredher.,receiving,tocomplete,included,考查語法點(diǎn):非謂語動詞及變形的使用,討論歸納,【歸納】有提示詞，首先抓住主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，確定主句，剩下的部分，如有連詞，則是句子，否則就用非謂語。,動詞,謂語動詞,時(shí)態(tài),語態(tài),主謂一致,doing,done,todo,非謂語動詞,解題技巧七,空格處還有可能是系表結(jié)構(gòu)，一般填形容詞形式。,形容詞要根據(jù)上下文來確定意思，進(jìn)而確定用哪個單詞；,有時(shí)也可以根據(jù)前后介詞的搭配來確定；,有時(shí)括號里會給出這個單詞的其他形式，讓你填出形容詞的形式。,解題技巧八,當(dāng)句中主、謂、賓成分都不缺少時(shí)，則應(yīng)考慮是否缺少副詞來修飾動詞、形容詞或整個句子。,常見的副詞有：always,usually,never,sometimes,not,hard,quite,very,still,almost,already等。,GroupF,詞性轉(zhuǎn)換,有提示詞介詞,冠詞,所有格后接名詞,形容詞修飾名詞,副詞修飾形容詞動詞或整個句子,“Thirty-fivecents,”shesaid36_(rude).Oneofthe33_(bad)giftchoicesIevermadewasformyhighschoolEnglishteacher5.AsfarasIamconcerned,my37_(suggest)isthatweshouldalwayshaveanotebookandaChinese-Englishwithineasyreach.,rudely,worst,suggestion,考查語法點(diǎn):各類詞性的正確使用及轉(zhuǎn)化,討論歸納,挑戰(zhàn)高考,07高考Wedranktogetherandtalked_38_(merry)tillfarintothenight.08高考hefeltveryhappysincethecropdid“grow”38(high).Hissonheardaboutthisandwenttoseethecrop.Unfortunatelytheleavesofthecropbegantowither.Thisproverbissayingwehavetoletthingsgointheir39(nature)course.,merrily,higher,natural,解題技巧九,填引導(dǎo)詞如果一個句子中含有多個謂語或多個主謂結(jié)構(gòu),應(yīng)該從句子的意義去判斷這一句是否含并列謂語，或含非謂語動詞結(jié)構(gòu)，或是屬于復(fù)合句；如果是復(fù)合句,一般要考慮該填什么引導(dǎo)詞。,挑戰(zhàn)高考,08高考Oneday,hecameupwithanidea35hewouldpluckupallofhiscropafewinches.Hedidsothenextday.09高考Janepausedinfrontofacounter_35_someattractivetieswereondisplay.“Theyarerealsilk，”theassistanttriedtoattracther.,that,where,無提示詞找出謂語動詞；分清楚句子層次理清分句關(guān)系；克服干擾，劃掉修飾成分,(2012年高考）Marywilleverforgetthefirsttimeshesawhim.Hesuddenlyappearedinclassoneday,_16_(wear)sunglasses.Hewalkedinasifhe_17_(buy)theschool,andthewordquicklygotaroundthathewasfromNewYorkCity.ForsomereasonhesatbesideMary.Maryfelt_18_(please),becausethereweremanyemptyseatsintheroom.Butshequicklyrealizedthatitwasnther,itwasprobablythefactthatshesatin_19_lastrow.,wearing,hadbought,pleased,the,_20_hethoughthecouldescapeattentionbysittingattheback,hewaswrong.Itmighthavemadeitalittle_21_(hard)foreverybodybecauseitmeanttheyhadtoturnaround,butthatdidntstopthekidsintheclass.