本科畢業(yè)論文ANELEGYOFREVOLTUNDERDUALPERSONALITYONHEATHCLIFFSREVENGEINWUTHERINGHEIGHTS雙面性格下反抗的挽歌論呼嘯山莊中希斯克利夫的復(fù)仇學(xué)院外國語學(xué)院專業(yè)英語學(xué)生姓名指導(dǎo)教師提交日期2013年3月22日摘要艾米莉勃朗特是一位非常有才華的作家，是英國19世紀(jì)維多利亞時期著名的詩人和小說家。在她短暫的一生中只留下一部杰作呼嘯山莊。這部小說因其永久的魅力和廣泛的暢銷被列為世界名著，然而，這部小說的價值直到現(xiàn)代二十世紀(jì)才被人們重新發(fā)現(xiàn)。呼嘯山莊是一部偉大的作品。書中讓人毛骨悚然的哥特式描寫、希斯克利夫瘋狂的復(fù)仇、以及希斯克利夫和凱瑟琳之間永不消亡的愛情震撼了無數(shù)的讀者。呼嘯山莊故事情節(jié)主要是圍繞希斯克利夫?qū)P瑟琳的瘋狂愛情展開的，希斯克利夫的“愛恨復(fù)仇反抗”既是小說的精髓，又是貫穿作品始終的線索。本文分析了男主人公希斯克利夫復(fù)仇的原因。在第一章中指出長期被辱造成的性格扭曲是其內(nèi)因，在第二章中指出外因則是凱瑟琳對愛的背棄，第三章中，本文將分析一些心理因素，指出潛在的原因是希斯克利夫的心理需求。也就是說，希斯克利夫在滿足了人類兩項(xiàng)基本的需求衣食的需求和安全需求后，他的進(jìn)一步的心理需求對愛的需求、對被尊重的需求以及對自我實(shí)現(xiàn)的需求都被忽略了，因而在喪失了愛之后，存在于他心里的只有刻骨的恨。這三章旨在幫助我們更好的了解希斯克利夫這個人物及其復(fù)仇的原因，揭示了當(dāng)時的社會倫理道德對人性的束縛和壓抑，并指出希斯克利夫的可怕的雙面性格和復(fù)仇實(shí)質(zhì)上是對當(dāng)時社會的反抗，最終奏響了反抗的挽歌。關(guān)鍵詞愛；復(fù)仇；需求；反抗ABSTRACTEMILYBRONTEWASNOTONLYANOUTSTANDINGWRITERBUTALSOAFAMOUSPOETANDNOVELISTOFVICTORIANLITERATUREINTHE19THCENTURYHOWEVER,SHEONLYLEFTAMASTERPIECEWUTHERINGHEIGHTSINHERSHORTTIMELIFETHISNOVELISLISTEDASAWORLDFAMOUSWORKDUETOITSCHARMANDWILDLYPOPULARITY,ALTHOUGHTHEVALUEOFTHISNOVELWASNOTRECOGNIZEDUNTILTHE20THCENTURYWUTHERINGHEIGHTSISABLOCKBUSTERITMAKESTHEDEEPIMPRESSIONONREADERSWITHITSGOTHICDESCRIPTION,THEHEROSCRAZYREVENGEANDTHEUNDYINGLOVEBETWEENHEATHCLIFFANDCATHERINETHENOVELCENTERSONTHEALLENCOMPASSING,PASSIONATE,BUTULTIMATELYDOOMEDLOVEBETWEENCATHERINEEARNSHAWANDHEATHCLIFF,ANDONHOWTHISUNRESOLVEDPASSIONEVENTUALLYDESTROYSTHEMANDTHEPEOPLEAROUNDTHEMLOVEHATREDREVENGEDUELOFHEATHCLIFFISNOTONLYTHEESSENCEOFTHENOVEL,BUTALSOTHETHREADTHROUGHOUTTHENOVELTHISTHESISMAINLYDISCUSSESTHECAUSESFORHEATHCLIFFSREVENGEINPARTONE,THETHESISPOINTSOUTTHATTHEINTERNALCAUSEISHEATHCLIFFSTWISTEDCHARACTERBECAUSEOFTHELONGTIMEHUMILIATIONINPARTTWO,THETHESISSHOWSTHATTHEEXTERNALCAUSEISCATHERINESBETRAYALOFHEATHCLIFFSLOVEFORHERANDINPARTTHREE,THETHESISTREATSTHEUNDERLYINGCAUSE,POINTINGOUTTHATHEATHCLIFFISLACKOFPSYCHOLOGICALNEEDSINOTHERWORDS,FORHEATHCLIFF,HISTWOESSENTIALNEEDSFORHAVINGENOUGHTOEATANDWEAR,ANDFORSAFETYHAVEBEENSATISFIED,BUTHISNEEDSFORLOVE,FORBEINGRESPECTED,ANDFORSELFREALIZATIONWEREIGNOREDHENCE,HAVINGLOSTLOVE,THEHEATHCLIFFISINDULGEDINHATREDINSHORT,THEABOVETHREECHAPTERSAIMTOHELPUSKNOWMOREABOUTTHEHEROHEATHCLIFFANDTHECAUSESFORHISREVENGE,INDICATINGTHATHEATHCLIFFSREVENGERESULTEDFROMHISDUALPERSONALITYMEANTIME,WECANGRADUALLYFINDOUTTHATTHESOCIALETHICSOFHEATHCLIFFSTIMEEXERTEDATERRIBLESHACKLEANDDEEPOPPRESSIONONTHEHUMANNATURE,ANDTHATHEATHCLIFFSHORRIBLECHARACTERANDREVENGEWEREREVOLTSAGAINSTTHESOCIETY,WHICHULTIMATELYPLAYEDANELEGYOFREVOLTKEYWORDSLOVEREVENGENEEDREVOLTCONTENTS摘要IABSTRACTIIINTRODUCTION1PARTONETHEINTERNALCAUSEHEATHCLIFFSTWISTEDCHARACTER411FORMATIONOFHISCHARACTER412HEATHCLIFFSTWISTEDCHARACTERANDLONGLASTINGREVENGE5PARTTWOTHEEXTERNALCAUSECATHERINESBETRAYALOFTHEIRLOVE721CATHERINESBETRAYALOFTHEIRLOVE722THEDISSIMILATIONOFLOVE8PARTTHREETHEUNDERLYINGCAUSEPSYCHOLOGICALNEEDS931PSYCHOLOGICALBALANCE9311PURSUITOFNEEDFORLOVE9312NEEDFORRESPECT1032SELFREALIZATIONANDSUPPORT11321SEEKINGFORSELFRREALIZATION11322SUPPORTFORHISLIFE11CONCLUSION13BIBLIOGRAPHY15ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS16INTRODUCTIONEMILYBRONTEWASNOTONLYANOUTSTANDINGWRITERBUTALSOAFAMOUSPOETANDNOVELISTOFVICTORIANLITERATUREINTHE19THCENTURYHOWEVER,SHEONLYLEFTAMASTERPIECEWUTHERINGHEIGHTSINHERSHORTTIMELIFETHISNOVELISLISTEDASAWORLDFAMOUSWORKDUETOITSCHARMANDWORLDLYPOPULARITYHOWEVER,THEVALUEOFTHISNOVELWASNOTRECOGNIZEDUNTILTHE20THCENTURYWUTHERINGHEIGHTSISABLOCKBUSTERITMAKESTHEDEEPIMPRESSIONONREADERSBECAUSEOFITSGOTHICDESCRIPTION,THEHEROSCRAZYREVENGEANDTHEUNDYINGLOVEBETWEENHEATHCLIFFANDCATHERINETHENOVELCENTERSONTHEALLENCOMPASSING,PASSIONATE,BUTULTIMATELYDOOMEDLOVEBETWEENCATHERINEEARNSHAWANDHEATHCLIFF,ANDONHOWTHISUNRESOLVEDPASSIONEVENTUALLYDESTROYSTHEMANDTHEPEOPLEAROUNDTHEMLOVEHATREDREVENGEDUELOFHEATHCLIFFISNOTONLYTHEESSENCEOFTHENOVEL,BUTALSOTHETHREADTHROUGHOUTTHENOVELEMILYBRONTEANDHERWORKS,ESPECIALLYHERNOVELWUTHERINGHEIGHTS,HAVEATTRACTEDTHEATTENTIONOFMANYCRITICS,SINCESHEDIEDTHEWESTERNRESEARCHERSHAVEPUBLISHEDMANYSEMINARPAPERSANDBOOKSABOUTHERFOREXAMPLE,FROMTHEASPECTOFFEMINISM,INGOWESTERMANNINHISANALYSISFOCUSESONREVIEWSOFTHENOVEL,PREDOMINANTLYONCONTEMPORARYCRITICISMINTERMIXEDWITHRECENTCOMMENTS,ANDADDRESSESTHEQUESTIONWHYSUCHASPECTRUMOFOPINIONSCANEXISTINEMILYBRONTESWUTHERINGHEIGHTSWESTERMAN2007GRACEMOORESBOOKEMILYBRONTESWUTHERINGHEIGHTSISTHECONSPICUOUSACCOMPLISHMENTOFRESEARCHONWUTHERINGHEIGHTSFROMTHEASPECTSOFGENRE,STRUCTUREANDLANGUAGEMOORE2011,ANOTHERSIGNIFICANTCONTRIBUTIONISISHEATHCLIFFAGYPSY,EDITEDBYGUIDOSCHOLL,WHICHAPPROACHESTHEQUESTIONWHETHERHEATHCLIFFISAGYPSYORNOTFROMTHEASPECTOFGYPSYFEATUREBASEDONHEATHCLIFFSACTIONSSCHOLL2000,INADDITION,ROBERTKWALLACEINHISRESEARCHEMILYBRONTEANDBEETHOVENDISCUSSESABOUTEMILYBRONTE,BEETHOVENANDROMANTICEQUILIBRIUMWALLACE2008BESIDES,THERESEARCHESOFWESTERNWRITERSONEMILYBRONTEANDHERWORKSALSOFLOURISHINCHINAANDTHERESEARCHACCOMPLISHMENTSAREAMAZINGFORINSTANCE,ZHUNGHONGRESEARCHESONTHEFICTIONSSTRUCTUREFEATURE,ANDMAKESACOMPREHENSIVEANALYSISABOUTREVENGE,FREEDOMANDLOVE,REVEALINGTHENOVELISTSVIEWPOINTOFRELIGIONANDHERMEDITATIONONHUMANNATURE朱虹2008,BASEDONTHEPREVIOUSSTUDY,WANGXIAOZHENDISCUSSESWUTHERINGHEIGHTSSPECIALCONNOTATIONANDVALUEFROMTHEVIEWPOINTSOFWOMENGOTHICNOVEL王曉真2010,DONGRUIPROBESWUTHERINGHEIGHTSFROMTHEPERSPECTIVEOFECOCRITICISM,ANDPOINTSOUTTHATNATUREANDCIVILIZATIONARESTRUGGLINGANDMIXINGWITHEACHOTHER,FINALLYACHIEVINGTHEHARMONIOUSUNITYOFMANANDNATURE董瑞2009,WHATSMORE,QUANWEIEMPHASIZESINHISRESEARCHTHATTHEUNIQUENARRATETIMESKILLISONEOFTHEIMPORTANTREASONSFORWUTHERINGHEIGHTSSUCCESS,ANDTHATREADERSCANAPPRECIATEITSSPECIALCHARMOFART權(quán)威2012,ANDHEQIONGTREATSTHETRADITIONALPATRIARCHYSOPPRESSIONONFEMININE,PROPOSINGTHEECOLOGICALFEMINISM,THATIS,THEFEMALESSHOULDBEEMANCIPATEDANDGOBACKTOTHENATURE何瓊,2012,XUXIAOXIAINHERRESEARCHEMPHASIZESTHATWUTHERINGHEIGHTSASAFAMOUSNOVEL,FULLYUSEDDRAMASEXPRESSIVEWAYSINMANYASPECTS,FOREXAMPLE,INCHARACTERANDPLOTS,TEXTSTRUCTURE,THESTYLEOFNARRATIVEANDTHEWAYTODEALWITHTIME,ANDTHATTHENOVELSHOWEDTHEEQUALITYWITHDRAMAANDBECAMETHESPECIALONEINTHELITERATUREOF19THCENTURYINEUROPE徐小霞2012,ZENGXINPOINTSOUTTHATINTHE19THCENTURY,WITHTHEDEVELOPMENTOFCAPITALISMANDTHESTRONGSTRUGGLEOFTHEPROLETARIAT,PEOPLEBEGANTOQUITTHEABSTRACTPROTESTANDTHEEMPTYSHOUTFORTHEIDEALSOCIETY,ANDTHATWUTHERINGHEIGHTSCOULDREFLECTTHEREALLIFEANDREAPPEARTHESOCIETYSFEATURE,SHOWINGTHEPEOPLESSOCIALPSYCHOLOGYDEEPLY曾馨2012,ANDDENGYUINHISRESEARCH,STRESSESTHATWUTHERINGHEIGHTSISAFAMOUSBOOKINTHEWORLD,ANDHEMAINLYSTUDIESTHEGOTHICSINHERITANCEINTHEASPECTSOFTHEATMOSPHERE,CHARACTERSANDTHECONTRADICTION,WHICHSHOWEDTHISBOOKSCHARM（鄧渝2011）THEABOVEMENTIONEDRESEARCHHASLAIDASOLIDFOUNDATIONFORMYRESEARCHONTHECAUSESFORHEATHCLIFFSREVENGEINEMILYBRONTESWUTHERINGHEIGHTSBUTASFARASIKNOW,THECRITICISMTENDSTOBEONTHETHEME,PURPORT,FEMININISM,WRITINGSKILLORLANGUAGESTYLE,ANDFEWPEOPLESETABOUTANALYZINGTHECAUSESFORHEATHCLIFFSREVENGEANDITSIMPLIEDMEANINGACCORDINGLY,THEREISSTILLVASTSPACELEFTFORFURTHEREXPLORATIONTHISTHESISAIMSTOMAKEUPFORTHELACKOFSTUDYONEMILYBRONTE,ESPECIALLYFORTHESTUDYDIRECTEDAGAINSTHERWUTHERINGHEIGHTSTHEFIRSTPARTISTHEANALYSISOFTHEINTERNALCAUSEOFHEATHCLIFFSREVENGEAFTERHISADOPTIVEFATHERDIED,HEATHCLIFFEXPERIENCEDAHUMILIATINGANDPAINFULCHILDHOOD,WHICHGAVERISETOHISTWISTEDCHARACTERANDHISLONGLASTINGREVENGETHESECONDPARTPROBESINTOTHEEXTERNALCAUSEOFHEATHCLIFFSREVENGETHEREVENGEMAINLYCAMEFROMCATHERINESBETRAYALOFHEATHCLIFFSLOVEFORHERBECAUSEOFTHESOCIALETHICSOFHISTIME,THECATHERINEMARRIEDHARETONINTHEENDTHECRAZYLOVETURNEDINTOTHEDISSIMILATEDLOVEANDHEBEGANTOFIGHTWITHTHESOCIALETHICSBYREVENGINGTHETHIRDPARTTREATSTHEUNDERLYINGCAUSE,THEPSYCHOLOGICALNEEDSTHEYINCLUDETWOASPECTSTHEFIRSTONEISPSYCHOLOGICALBALANCEHEATHCLIFFWASPURSUINGTHENEEDFORLOVEANDTHENEEDFORBEINGRESPECTEDTHESECONDONEISHEATHCLIFFSLONGINGFORSELFREALIZATIONAFTERTHERESPECTIVEDEATHOFHARETONANDCATHERINE,HEATHCLIFFHASMETTHETWOBASICHUMANSNECESSITIES,THATIS,THENEEDFORHAVINGENOUGHTOEATANDWEAR,ANDTHENEEDFORSAFETYNEVERTHELESS,HEWASLACKOFMANYTHINGSINRESPECTOFPSYCHOLOGICALLEVELINOTHERWORDS,HEATHCLIFFSNEEDSFORLOVE,FORBEINGRESPECTED,ANDFORSELFREALIZATIONWEREIGNOREDSOHAVINGLOSTLOVE,HEATHCLIFFISINDULGEDINTHEHATREDACCORDINGLY,THELONGLASTINGREVENGECOULDSATISFYHISPSYCHOLOGICALNEEDSTOSOMEEXTENTINCONCLUSION,THETHESISRESTATESTHEMAINIDEAINDIFFERENTWORDSANDCOMESTOTHECONCLUSIONTHATHEATHCLIFFSREVENGEWASESSENTIALLYHISREVOLTSAGAINSTTHESOCIETYHELIVEDINPARTONETHEINTERNALCAUSEHEATHCLIFFSTWISTEDCHARACTER11FORMATIONOFHISCHARACTERHEATHCLIFFWASATERRIBLENAMEWHICHCOULDBEDIVIDEDINTOHEATHANDCLIFF“IFOUNDTHEYHADCHRISTENEDHIMHEATHCLIFFITWASTHENAMEOFASONWHODIEDINCHILDHOOD,ANDITHASSERVEDHIMEVERSINCE,BOTHFORCHRISTIANANDSURNAME”（EMILYBRONTE45）INTHEWUTHERINGHEIGHTS,EVERYTHINGWENTWELLUNTILMREARNSHAWTOOKATRIPTOLIVERPOOLANDRETURNEDWITHASWARTHYLITTLEORPHANCHILDNAMEDHEATHCLIFFTHOUGHEARNSHAWSDAUGHTER,CATHERINE,TOOKTOTHEBOYAFTERONLYSOMEINITIALAVERSION,HISSON,HINDLEY,RESENTEDHISFATHERSFAVORITISMOFTHESTRANGE,MANNERLESSBOYASTHENAMEINDICATED,HEATHCLIFFORIGINALLYWASADIRTY,RAGGEDANDBLACKHAIREDGIPSYFOUNDLINGNOTHAVINGRECEIVEDAGOODEDUCATION,HEWASLOOKEDDOWNUPONANDDISCRIMINATEDBYOTHERSAFTERHEHADBEENBROUGHTINTOWUTHERINGHEIGHTSWITHTHEEARNSHAW,HEGREWUPWITHCATHERINEANDHINDLEYTOGETHERHOWEVER,WHENHECAMEINTOTHEWUTHERINGHEIGHTS,HISSITUATIONWASNOTIMPROVED,ANDHEONLYHADAHOUSETOKEEPFROMWINDANDRAINRATHERTHANACOZYHOMEHOMEISWARMANDCOMFORTABLE,ANDNOBODYEXCEPTEARNSHAWLIKEDHIMWHATHEATHCLIFFSUFFEREDWASCEASELESSOPPRESSIONHEATHCLIFFSARRIVALWASSEENASADIRECTTHREATTOJUSTABOUTEVERYONE,SOHISPEERSINSULTEDHIMALLTHETIME,ESPECIALLYHINDLEYBECAUSEHINDLEYTHOUGHTHEATHCLIFFDEPRIVEDHIMOFHISFATHERSLOVE,ANDTHREATENEDHISRIGHTOFINHERITINGTHEPROPERTYSOHINDLEYHATEDHIMVERYMUCHHOWEVER,AFTEREARNSHAWDIED,HINDLEYNATURALLYBECAMETHEMASTEROFTHEWUTHERINGHEIGHTS,SOHEDECIDEDTOMAKELIFEMISERABLEFORHEATHCLIFFBYTREATINGHIMLIKEASERVANTHEATHCLIFFSUFFEREDGREATTORTUREANDHUMILIATIONASWELLNOONEEXCEPTCATHERINECONCERNEDHIM,CAREDHIMANDADMIREDHIMCATHERINEANDHEATHCLIFFWEREINSEPARABLEANDTHEYBRIEFLYENJOYEDASORTOFIDYLLIC,ADVENTUROUSCHILDHOODOUTONTHESTORMYMOORSANDSNUGGLINGINTHEOAKPANELEDBEDHEWASGROWINGUPINSUCHANUNFAIRANDUNHAPPYENVIRONMENTTOSOMEEXTENT,THISKIND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