校級(jí)精品課程“英國(guó)文學(xué)”成果材料之一英國(guó)文學(xué)主講教案ENGLISHLITERATURESURVEYANDSELECTEDREADINGS2NDDRAFT,FORJUNIORSTHEOBJECTIVESOFTHECOURSE1TOHELPLEARNERSBUILDUPLITERARYCRITICALABILITIESBYWAYOFREADINGANDAPPRECIATINGTHEREPRESENTATIVEWORKSINENGLISHLITERATURE2TOHELPLEARNERSENHANCECULTURALCOGNITIVEABILITIESBYWAYOFINTRODUCINGTHEBACKGROUNDOFLITERATURE,PARTICULARLYTHERELATIONSHIPBETWEENTHELITERARYCREATIONANDTHESOCIALMOVEMENTS3TOHELPLEARNERSIMPROVELANGUAGEABILITIESINTHEASPECTOFLITERARYCRITICISMANDRESEARCHWRITINGINTRODUCTIONMAJORPOINTSTHEGENERALBACKGROUNDINPOLITICS,CULTUREANDRELIGIONTHEGENERALCOLORSOFENGLISHLITERATURE1THEBACKGROUNDINPOLITICS,CULTUREANDRELIGIONTHEORIGINSOFENGLISHLITERATUREATHECELTSORKELTSWHOREMAINEDTHEEARLIESTINHABITANTSINTHEISLANDANDWEREDRIVENAWAYFROMTHECENTRALPARTSTOTHEREMOTEPLACESSUCHASTHEHEIGHTSOFSCOTLANDANDWALESTHEYBECAMEINCREASINGLYMARGINALIZEDINTHELONGTIMEOFTHEMEDIEVALAGEBUTMADETHEMSELVESFELTINTHEMAKINGOFTHENATIONBECAUSEOFTHEIROPTIMISTICMANNERSTOWARDSLIFEANDSPECIALTYINLIFEPATTERNSSUCHASCUSTOMSANDLANGUAGECOLORSBANGLOSAXONSANDJUTESINVADEDENGLANDFROMTHENORTHOFEUROPE,TOBEMOREEXACTFROMTHESCANDINAVIAPENINSULASUCHASMODERNNORWAY,SWEDENANDSOONAFTERTHEWITHDRAWALOFROMANSFROMTHEISLANDTHEYDROVETHECELTSAWAYTHECENTRALANDNORTHERNPARTANDBECAMETHEDOMINANTTRIBESOFTHEISLANDANDBROUGHTALONGTHEIRHARDWORKINGORDILIGENCETOGETHERWITHPESSIMISTICORMELANCHOLYMANNERSANDATTITUDETOWARDSNATUREANDTHELIFECNORMANS,LEDBYWILLIAMTHEDUKE,CAMETOANDCONQUERENGLANDIN1066AFTERDEFEATINGANGLOSAXONSTHENORMANSNOTONLYBECAMETHERULINGCLASSBUTALSOBROUGHTALONGTHEIRLANGUAGEFRENCH,THEIRCONSTITUTIONALCONCEPTSANDALOTOFCIVILIZEDSTANDARDS,CONVENTIONSANDGOVERNMENTALSTRATEGIESANDWAYS,WHICHSPREADOVERMOSTPARTOFENGLANDPROMOTEDANDASSISTEDWITHTHEIRPOWERS,WHILETHEIRROMANTICATTITUDEANDMANNERSBECAMETHENTHEFASHIONFORTHENOBLEANDTHEROYALFACTORSCONCERNEDWITHCULTURALBACKGROUNDTHEWAYOFLIFEOFCELTS,ANGLOSAXONSANDNORMANSTHEBLENDOFDIFFERENTCULTURESOFTHETRIBESANDNATIONSSUCHASCELTS,DANES,ANGLOSAXONS,NORMANSANDSOONFACTORSRELATEDTORELIGIOUSBACKGROUNDTHESPREADANDESTABLISHMENTOFCHRISTIANITY2GENERALCOLORSOFENGLISHLITERATUREFACTORSAFFECTINGTHECOLORSOFENGLISHLITERATUREAITSENVIRONMENTCONCERNINGITSENVIRONMENT,THEFOLLOWINGFACTORSAREOFTENTAKENINTOCONSIDERATION1ITSSPECIALLOCATIONASWEKNOW,THEISLANDOFGREATBRITAINISSEPARATEDFROMTHEMAINCONTINENTOFEUROPESUCHAPARTICULARLOCATIONHASITSADVANTAGESANDDISADVANTAGESASFORTHEADVANTAGES,ITCANBERESERVEDTOITSELFWITHOUTDIRECTINFLUENCEORIMPACTFROMTHECONTINENT,VERYGOODEXAMPLECANBESELECTEDFREELYFROMHISTORYANDFROMPRESENTTIMES,FORINSTANCE,WHENALMOSTTHEWHOLEEUROPEWERESUFFERINGFROMTHERELENTLESSTRAMPLESOFHITLERDURINGWORLDWARII,BRITAINCOULDKEEPITFROMBEINGINVADEDMAINLYOWINGTOITSSEPARATIONINGEOGRAPHY,ANDMOREOVER,NOWWHENTHEMAINBODYOFEUROPE,INCLUDINGGERMANY,FRANCE,NETHERLAND,BELGIUMANDSOON,AREQUICKENINGTHEIRSTEPSTOWARDSAUNITEDMONETARYSYSTEMNEXTYEAR,ENGLANDISSTILLIDLYWANDERINGOUTSIDEENGLISHCHANNEL,WHICHSEPARATESBRITAINFROMTHECONTINENT,PLAYSAROLEASASAFEGUARDTOPREVENTITFROMBEINGCONTAGIOUSORINFECTEDFROMANYDISEASEFROMTHECONTINENTANDDRAWNINTOANYWARTHISISMAYBEAVERYIMPORTANTFACTORTHATTHEREHASNEVERBEENANYWARHAPPENINGINTHEISLANDFORSEVERALHUNDREDSOFYEARSSIMULTANEOUSLY,HOWEVER,THECHANNELBECOMESANOBSTACLETOREFUSETHENEWIDEASANDMOVEMENTSFROMEUROPESOMEONESAIDTHATATDOVERTHERESTANDSACONSERVATIVEGIANTWHOSTOPSANYTHINGHETHINKSHARMFULORNOTAGREEABLEFROMENTERINGANDDRIVESTHEMBACKTOTHECONTINENTASARESULT,INCOMPARISONWITHTHECONTINENT,BRITAINISOFTENONEORTWOGENERATIONSLAGGINGBEHINDINPOLITICSANDIDEOLOGY2ITSSPECIALWEATHERMAINLYDEFINEDTOITSSPECIALLOCATION,BRITAINHASAUNIQUEWEATHER,TOOBECAUSEITLOCATESINANISLAND,WITHLOWLATITUDEORNEARTOTHENORTH,ITENJOYSAVERYMILDWEATHER,NOTTOOWARMINSUMMERNORTOOCOOLINWINTERUNIQUELY,ITHASMUCHFOGANDHUMIDITYSUCHAMILDWEATHER,ACCORDINGLY,USUALLYCREATEAMODERATEPEOPLE3ITSCOLORFULLANDFORMSINGEOGRAPHY,BRITAINHASACOLORFULLANDFORMSUSUALLYTHEISLANDISDIVIDEDINTOTHREEPARTSGEOGRAPHICALLYANDPOLITICALLY,THATIS,ENGLAND,SCOTLANDANDWALESEACHHASITSOWNCHARACTERISTICLANDFORMS,MOUNTAINSANDHIGHLANDSINSCOTLAND,MOUNTAINSANDPLATEAUINWALES,ANDPLATEAU,LOWLAND,MOORLANDSANDPLAINSINENGLAND,WHICHMAKEUPTHECOLORFULLANDFORMSFORTHEISLANDANDSUPPLYTHECOMPREHENSIVECONDITIONSFORITSFORMATIONANDDEVELOPMENTBOTHINITSCULTUREANDNATIONALITYBITSBLENDOFRACESASWEDISCUSSEDINTHEFORMERPARTWHICHNODOUBTPLAYSANIMPORTANTPARTINFORMINGTHECOLORSOFENGLISHLITERATUREGENERALCOLORSELEGANTANDSTANDARDINLANGUAGEMELANCHOLYANDIRONICALINSTYLEORINTONECONVENTIONALANDCONSERVATIVEINTHEMATICCONCERNANDINLITERARYTHOUGHTSCHAPTERONETHEPRECLASSICPERIODTHEEARLYOFTHE7THCENTURY1485MAJORPOINTSMAJORACHIEVEMENTSMAJORFIGURESINTHISPERIODPARTIMAINACHIEVEMENTSINTHISPERIOD1BEOWULFTHEFIRSTENGLISHNATIONALEPICBEOWULFTELLSASTORYABOUTANATIONALHEROBRAVELYFIGHTINGAGAINSTAMONSTERFORTHESAKEOFTHEPEOPLEBEOWULF,ONHEARINGTHENEWSTHATATERRIBLEMONSTERGRENDELHARMSTHEPEOPLE,SAILSFORDENMARKWITH14COMPANIONSTOFIGHTTHEMONSTERAFTERARRIVAL,BEOWULFANDHISCOMPANIONSLIEDOWNINTHEHALLWHICHGRENDELCOMESTOSEIZETHEWARRIORSDURINGTHEFIGHTSINGLEHANDEDLYAGAINSTGRENDEL,BEOWULFWOUNDSITMORTALLYTHENBEOWULFAGAI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