大學語文形成性考核冊答案大學語文作業(yè)1一、名詞解釋1、司馬遷司馬遷（公元前145或前135前87），字子長，西漢夏陽（今陜西韓城縣）人，是我國歷史上著名的史學家和文學家。2、祭文祭文是祭祀或祭奠時對死者或神的朗讀的文章，祭文重在一個“情”字。3、莎士比亞莎士比亞（15641616）英國文藝復興時期戲劇家，人文主義文學杰出代表，他有37部劇作流傳下來，其中羅密歐與朱麗葉、威尼斯商人、亨利四世以及被譽為大悲劇的哈姆雷特、奧賽羅、李爾王、麥克白最為著名，這些作品都以情節(jié)的豐富性、語言的生動性而“超越時代”，成為不可企及的戲劇典范。莎士比亞的創(chuàng)作標志著近代戲劇的成熟。4、詩經詩經為我國第一部詩歌總集，共收錄周初至春秋末葉大約五百年間的詩歌三百零五篇，分為風雅頌三大類?！帮L”是民歌，一百六十篇，因分采于十五個國家和地區(qū)，故稱“十五國風”；“雅”為西周京畿樂歌，分為大雅與小雅，一百零五篇；“頌”為廟堂祭祀樂歌，四十篇。它從不同方面反映了社會生活與精神面貌，奠定了我國詩歌的現(xiàn)實注意傳統(tǒng)。二、翻譯晉靈公不行君道。增加賦稅來往墻上涂飾彩繪。從高臺上用彈弓射人，觀看人們躲避彈弓并以次為樂。廚師燉熊掌因為不熟，被殺后，放于畚（植物枝條編成的筐簍器物）中，命人用車裝著經過朝廷。趙盾，土季看到廚師的手，問明原因后擔心靈公無道殺人的事。準備進忠言，土季說“勸告而不接受柬言，就沒有人繼續(xù)向您進柬了?！蔽遥ㄍ良荆┫热窦恚绻恍?，你再去。（土季）往前走一步，伏地行一次禮，這樣走三次，來到檐下，靈公先是假裝沒看見，后來不得已才理睬他，說“我已經知道錯了，會改掉的?！蓖良竟Ь吹男卸Y后說“誰不犯錯誤呢知道錯誤而進行改正，善事里沒有哪個能比這個更大了。詩中說沒有哪個事沒有開始，但很少有終。如果您象這樣，能夠彌補過錯的人很少。你如果能夠有始有終，則國家社稷進而穩(wěn)固，豈僅僅是群臣有所依靠。又比如周宣王有了過錯，只有仲山甫來彌補。如果您（天子）能夠補救過失，您的君位就不會失去了?！睍x靈公仍然不進行改正。宣子多次進柬。靈公討厭趙盾，譴使刺客殺趙盾。早晨，寢室的門打開后，穿戴好朝服準備上朝，看時間還早，和衣閉目養(yǎng)神。刺客退出后，感嘆說“不能不恭敬啊，百姓的好官，殺一個好官，是不忠；不完成天子的命令，是不信。在這不忠不信中占有一樣，不如死啊”撞槐樹自殺了。在九月的秋天，晉靈公賞賜趙盾喝酒，埋伏的兵丁準備將其擊殺。趙盾的車右提彌明知道后，快步走上殿堂說“做臣子的侍靈公飲酒已經超過三杯，再多將有失禮數(shù)了?！本头稣呲w盾走下殿堂了。晉靈公呼喚猛犬咬趙盾。提彌明徒手同猛犬進行搏斗，打死了猛犬。趙盾說“廢棄忠良，用猛犬，惡犬雖然兇猛有什么呢?！币贿叴蛞贿叧鋈?，提彌明為趙盾而死。年初，趙盾在首山打獵，住在翳桑。見到了饑餓的靈輒，問他得的是什么病，說“我已經三天沒有吃飯了。”吃完飯后，留下了一半。問他為什么，說“給貴族做奴仆三年了，不知道母親是否還在，現(xiàn)在離家近了，留下的一半給她吃。趙盾讓他都吃了。并且該他預備了一籃飯和一些肉，放在口袋了給了他。不久做了晉靈公的甲士”把兵器倒過來擋住了靈公的衛(wèi)兵們。使趙盾免于受害。問他是什么原因，說“翳桑的那個餓人?！眴査彰√帲豢习研彰≈犯嬖V給趙盾，就走了，于是逃亡了，因為他是晉靈公的衛(wèi)兵，不能再呆下去了。宣公二年九月二十六日，趙穿在桃院殺了靈公。趙盾出奔還沒有走出晉國，聽到靈公被殺就回來了。晉太史董狐說“趙穿殺了君”。要宣示給別人看。宣子說“不一定”。對話說“你是正卿，逃亡不出國境，返回朝廷后不討伐殺死國君的人，不是你殺的是誰殺的”趙盾說“嗚呼我懷念祖國，反而給自己留下了后患。大概就是指我這樣的人說的吧”孔子說“董狐，是一個好的良史，只述事實。趙盾，是好的正卿啊，只是要承擔一定的責任啊可惜，沒有避免了弒君的名號啊”大學語文作業(yè)2一、名詞解釋1、魯迅魯迅（18811936），本名周樟壽，后改名為周樹人，浙江紹興人。偉大的文學家、思想家、革命家，中國現(xiàn)代文學的奠基人。2、史記史記是我國第一部紀傳體通史，它記述了上自傳說中的五帝下至漢武帝時期大約三千年的歷史，是研究我過古代社會的重要歷史文獻。3、冰心冰心，原名謝婉瑩，原籍福建長樂?，F(xiàn)代散文家、小說家、詩人、兒童文學作家。冰心是我國新文學運動中涌現(xiàn)出的第一批現(xiàn)代作家，是其中最知名的女作家之一，為文學研究會的重要成員?，F(xiàn)代文學史和當代文學史上最有影響的散文家之一。4、左傳左傳是我國古代一部編年體的歷史著作。西漢初稱左氏春秋。后又稱春秋左氏傳。左傳是春秋左氏傳的簡稱。二、默寫徐志摩再別康橋再別康橋作者徐志摩輕輕的我走了，正如我輕輕的來；我輕輕的招手，作別西邊的云彩。那河畔的金柳，是夕陽中的新娘；波光里的艷影，在我的心頭蕩漾。軟泥上的青荇，油油的在水底招搖；在康河的柔波里，我甘心做一條水草。那榆蔭下的一潭，不是清泉，是天上虹，揉碎在浮藻間，沉淀著彩虹似的夢。尋夢撐一支長篙，向青草更青處漫溯，滿載一船星輝，在星輝斑斕里放歌。但我不能放歌，悄悄是離別的笙簫；夏蟲也為我沉默，沉默是今晚的康橋悄悄的我走了，正如我悄悄的來；我揮一揮衣袖，不帶走一片云彩。三、分析題1怎樣理解下面汗姆雷特中的兩段名言警句（1）引文人是一件多么了不起的杰作、多么高貴的理性、多么偉大的力量，多么優(yōu)美的儀表，多么文雅的舉動。在行動上，多么像一個天使，宇宙的精華，萬物的靈長可在我看來，不過是泥土捏成的生命，人類再也不能使我產生任何興趣了分析精神危機使哈姆雷特對人類的看法由歌頌贊美一變而為厭惡、輕蔑。標志著他思想的巨大轉變。（2）引文我近來不知為了什么緣故，一點興致都提不起來，什么游樂的事都懶得過問；在這樣一種抑郁的心境之下，仿佛浮載萬物的大地，這一座美好的框架，只是一個不毛的荒谷，這個覆蓋眾生的蒼穹，這一頂壯麗的帷幕，這個點綴著金色火球的莊嚴地屋宇，只是一堆污濁瘴氣的集合。世界，就是一座大監(jiān)獄，而丹麥，又是其中最壞的一間。分析精神危機，同樣使汗姆雷特對世界也由歌頌贊美一變而為痛恨、詛咒。請您刪除一下內容，O_O謝謝2015年中央電大期末復習考試小抄大全，電大期末考試必備小抄，電大考試必過小抄SHANGHAISSUZHOUCREEKHASWITNESSEDMUCHOFTHECITYSHISTORYZHOUWENTINGTRAVELSTHISSTORIEDBODYOFWATERANDFINDSITSMOSTFASCINATINGSPOTSSOMELUCKYCITIESCANBOASTAGREATBODYOFWATER,LIKELONDONWITHTHERIVERTHAMESANDPARISWITHTHERIVERSEINESHANGHAIISPRIVILEGEDENOUGHTOHAVETWOGREATBODIESOFWATERHUANGPURIVERANDSUZHOUCREEKHUANGPURIVERBECAMEFAMOUSWHENCOLONISTSESTABLISHEDCLUSTERSOFGRANDBUILDINGSONITSBANKSONWHATBECAMEKNOWNASTHEBUNDTODAY,THEBUNDOVERLOOKSTHEBREATHTAKINGSKYLINEOFLUJIAZUIFINANCIALDISTRICTSHANGHAISOTHERBODYOFWATER,HOWEVER,SUZHOUCREEK,HASBEENSOMEWHATOVERSHADOWEDSUZHOUCREEKLINKSTHEINLANDCITIESOFJIANGSUPROVINCEWITHSHANGHAIWHENTHEBRITISHCOLONISTS,WHOARRIVEDINTHECITYAFTERITWASOPENEDASACOMMERCIALPORTIN1843FOUNDTHEYCOULDREACHSUZHOU,JIANGSUPROVINCE,VIATHECREEK,THEYNAMEDITSUZHOUCREEKTHANKSTOITSLOCATION,ALARGEAMOUNTOFCARGOANDTRAVELERSWERETRANSPORTEDVIATHECREEKBEFORERAILLINKSWEREESTABLISHEDBUTAFTERACENTURYOFBEINGUTILIZEDASAWATERWAYTOTRANSPORTGOODSANDLABOR,THECREEKGREWDARKANDSMELLYINDUSTRIALFACTORIESWEREESTABLISHEDALONGTHEBANKSINTHE1990SITBECAMEAKEYTASKOFTHECITYGOVERNMENTTOCLEANTHECREEKSUZHOUCREEK,WHICHSNAKES17KMFROMTHEICONICWAIBAIDUBRIDGEDOWNTOWNTOTHEOUTERRINGROADINWESTSHANGHAI,MAPSTHECHANGINGPERIODSOFTHECITYSHISTORY,INCLUDINGTHEIMPRINTSOFTHECONCESSIONS,THEBEGINNINGOFINDUSTRIALIZATIONANDTHEIMPROVEMENTINPEOPLESLIVINGCONDITIONSWHERETHEBUNDBEGANINBETWEENTHESHOPPINGSTREETOFEASTNANJINGROADANDTHEBUND,AREACLUSTEROFSTREETSTHATGIVEMETHEILLUSIONTHATIAMNOLONGERINMODERNSHANGHAITHESTREETSARENARROWANDOLDANDCRISSCROSSEACHOTHERANYOLDRESIDENTIALHOUSEMAYTURNOUTTOBEAFORMEROFFICEOFTHEBRITISH,CONSTRUCTEDINTHE1880SPAWNSHOPSANDHARDWARESTORESTHATAREHARDTOFINDELSEWHERE,AREPLENTIFULHERETHISAREA,ATTHECONFLUENCEOFHUANGPURIVERANDSUZHOUCREEK,ISCALLEDTHEBUNDORIGINCOUNTLESSTOURBUSESSTOPATTHESITEEVERYDAYANDVISITORSFROMAROUNDTHEWORLDGETOFFTOSEETHISPLACE,THESTARTINGPOINTOFTHECONCESSIONSINTHECITYITALLSTARTEDIN1872,WHENTHEFORMERBRITISHCONSULATEGENERALWASCONSTRUCTEDANDTHEBUNDBEGANITSTRANSFORMATIONINTOANTHEFINANCIALSTREETOFTHEEASTNOWTHESITEOFTHEFORMERCONSULATEISCALLED“NO1WAITANYUAN”,WHICHTRANSLATESTO“THEBUNDORIGIN”,TOHONORITSBEGINNINGSTHEENTIRECOMPLEXOFTHISHISTORICALSITECOMPRISESOFFIVEBUILDINGS,THEFORMERBRITISHCONSULATEGENERAL,THEOFFICIALRESIDENCEOFTHECONSUL,THEFORMERUNIONCHURCH,THECHURCHAPARTMENTSANDTHEFORMERSHANGHAIROWINGCLUBTHESIZEOFTHECOURTYARDISEQUIVALENTTOTHATOFFOU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