2011年度本科生畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)）從文化角度看英漢習(xí)語翻譯院系外國(guó)語學(xué)院專業(yè)英語年級(jí)2007級(jí)學(xué)生姓名學(xué)號(hào)導(dǎo)師及職稱副教授2011年5月2011ANNUALGRADUATIONTHESISPROJECTOFTHECOLLEGEUNDERGRADUATESTUDYONTHETRANSLATIONOFCHINESEANDENGLISHIDIOMSFROMACULTURALPERSPECTIVEDEPARTMENTENGLISHDEPARTMENT,COLLEGEOFFOREIGNLANGUAGESMAJORENGLISHGRADE2007STUDENTNAMESTUDENTNOTUTORFINISHEDBYMAY,2011畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)）原創(chuàng)性聲明本人所呈交的畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)）是我在導(dǎo)師的指導(dǎo)下進(jìn)行的研究工作及取得的研究成果。據(jù)我所知，除文中已經(jīng)注明引用的內(nèi)容外，本論文（設(shè)計(jì)）不包含其他個(gè)人已經(jīng)發(fā)表或撰寫過的研究成果。對(duì)本論文（設(shè)計(jì)）的研究做出重要貢獻(xiàn)的個(gè)人和集體，均已在文中作了明確說明并表示謝意。作者簽名日期2011年5月23日畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)）授權(quán)使用說明本論文（設(shè)計(jì)）作者完全了解有關(guān)保留、使用畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)）的規(guī)定，學(xué)校有權(quán)保留論文（設(shè)計(jì)）并向相關(guān)部門送交論文（設(shè)計(jì)）的電子版和紙質(zhì)版。有權(quán)將論文（設(shè)計(jì)）用于非贏利目的的少量復(fù)制并允許論文（設(shè)計(jì)）進(jìn)入學(xué)校圖書館被G1040G4199。學(xué)校G2230G4027G1636G995論文（設(shè)計(jì)）的全部或部G1491內(nèi)容。保G2625的論文（設(shè)計(jì)）在解G2625G1802G3265用本規(guī)定。作者簽名指導(dǎo)G2045師簽名日期G21G19G20G20年G24月G21G22日日期G21G19G20G20年G24月G21G22日畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)）答辯委員會(huì)答辯小組成員名單姓名職稱單位備注教授外國(guó)語學(xué)院主席（組長(zhǎng)）講師外國(guó)語學(xué)院組員講師外國(guó)語學(xué)院秘書A1A0A2A3A4A5A7A8A6A10摘要語言是文化的載體，而習(xí)語是語言文化的結(jié)晶，它如同一面鏡子反映出了中外民族的文化特征。習(xí)語通常包括俗語、諺語、典故、俚語等類別，它常常用形象生動(dòng)、淺顯易懂的語言，準(zhǔn)確地描述社會(huì)現(xiàn)象、法則，高度地闡述人文習(xí)俗、思想感情。習(xí)語在日常生活中的應(yīng)用非常廣泛，甚至成為辯論中唇槍舌戰(zhàn)的武器。美國(guó)第16屆總統(tǒng)亞伯拉罕林肯在他一篇著名演說中引用了圣經(jīng)里的一句話“互相分裂的房子無法站立。”來號(hào)G2496美國(guó)人民G3254結(jié)一G14280反G4557G21669G3912G2058度，G1584G8502G1881戰(zhàn)。G19555G11540文化G1144G8981的日G11422G20069G13333，G11013G1122習(xí)語在語言中的G18337G16213地G1313，習(xí)語的G13775G16805G1075G7101G5062引G17227了G13775G16805G11040的G18337G16282，G3252G8504G5700G2052G3921G3800地G13775G16805習(xí)語G4570G7389G2173G1122G17340文化G1144G8981。G7424文G16809G3282G11752G12362中G14533習(xí)語中G6164體現(xiàn)的文化G1881G9097，G5194G1186文化G16294度來G6518G12362G14533G8733習(xí)語的G13775G16805。關(guān)鍵詞習(xí)語G727習(xí)語類別G727文化G1881G9097G727習(xí)語G13775G16805A9A11A12A13A14A15A16A17A18A19ABSTRACTLANGUAGEISTHECARRIEROFCULTUREANDIDIOMSARECOMMONLYRECOGNIZEDASTHEESSENCEORTHECRYSTALLIZATIONOFLANGUAGEITUSUALLYINCLUDESPROVERB,COLLOQUIALISM,SLANGANDALLUSIONANDSOONIDIOMSALSOREPRESENTTHESOCIALPHENOMENONANDNATURALRULESACCURATELYWITHLIVELYANDPLAINWORDSSOTHATTHEYMIGHTBECOMPAREDTOONEOFTHEMIRRORSWHICHBESTREFLECTTHESPECIALFEATURESOFANATIONORACULTUREINFACT,IDIOMSAREWIDELYUSEDINOURDAILYLIVES,EVENDEBATESAREOFTENINTERSPERSEDWITHIDIOMSWHICHBECOMEORALWEAPONSTHATAREDIFFICULTTOARGUEAGAINSTTHE16THUSPRESIDENTABRAHAMLINCOLNONCEQUOTEDANIDIOMDERIVEDFROMTHEBIBLE“AHOUSEDIVIDEDAGAINSTITSELFCANNOTSTAND”INONEOFHISFAMOUSSPEECH,CALLINGONPEOPLETOFIGHTAGAINSTSLAVERYANDCIVILWARWITHTHEINCREASINGLYFREQUENTDEVELOPMENTOFCULTURALEXCHANGES,IDIOMSPLAYANIMPORTANTROLEINLANGUAGEUSEANDANADEQUATETRANSLATIONOFIDIOMSISNOTONLYHELPFULBUTALSOESSENTIALINCROSSCULTURALCOMMUNICATIONTHISTHESISATTEMPTSTOMAKEABRIEFSTUDYOFTHECULTURALCONNOTATIONEXISTEDINCHINESEANDENGLISHIDIOMSANDEXPLORESTHEROLEOFTHECULTUREINUNDERSTANDINGANDTRANSLATINGCHINESEANDENGLISHIDIOMSKEYWORDSIDIOMSCLASSIFICATIONOFIDIOMSCULTURALCONNOTATIONTRANSLATIONOFIDIOMSA9A11A12A13A14A15A16A17A18A19TABLEOFCONTENTSPAGE1INTRODUCTION12DEFINITIONANDMAINCLASSIFICATIONOFIDIOMS321DEFINITIONSOFIDIOMS322MAINCLASSIFICATIONOFIDIOMS4221SLANG4222ALLUSION5223PROVERB5224COLLOQUIALISM63UNDERSTANDINGIDIOMSANDTRANSLATIONFROMACULTURALCONTEXT731RELATIONSHIPBETWEENIDIOMSANDCULTURE732RELATIONSHIPBETWEENTRANSLATIONANDCULTURE94DISCUSSIONOFIDIOMTRANSLATION1141LITERALTRANSLATION1142FREETRANSLATION1343IMAGESHIFTTRANSLATION145CONCLUSION17REFERENCES18ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS19A9A11A12A13A14A15A16A17A18A1911INTRODUCTIONLONGINHISTORY,LARGEINQUANTITYANDRICHINCULTURALINFORMATION,BOTHENGLISHANDCHINESEIDIOMSAREDEEPLYROOTEDINLIFENOWADAYS,PEOPLETAKESTRONGINTERESTSONCULTURALSTUDIESANDTALKINGABOUTCULTURALSTUDIESHASBECOMEAFASHIONINTHECIRCLEOFPRESENTCULTUREANDACADEMIAACCORDINGTOTHETRADITIONALTHEORYOFTRANSLATION,PEOPLECONSIDEREDTRANSLATINGASAPROCESSOFTRANSFERBETWEENTWOLANGUAGESRECENTLY,TOSOMEEXTENT,TRANSLATIONTENDSTOBECOMECULTURALRETHINKINGACCORDINGLY,SOMESCHOLARSBOTHATHOMEANDABROADHAVETRIEDTOREPLACETRANSLATIONWITHCULTURALTRANSLATIONSTUDIESANDINTERPRETATIONNATURALLY,WECANTHINKTHATTRANSLATIONISANACTIVITYTOREPRESENTTHEMEANINGANDIMPLICATIONTHATTHECONTEXTHASFROMACULTURALPERSPECTIVECONSEQUENTLY,TRANSLATIONISCONSIDEREDTOBEACROSSCULTURALCOMMUNICATION,WHICHINVOLVESNOTONLYTHETRANSFERBETWEENLANGUAGES,BUTALSOTHETRANSFERBETWEENCULTURESHOWEVER,THEPROBLEMOFTHEINTERPRETATIONANDEXPRESSIONOFCULTURALCONNOTATIONSHOULDBESOLVEDATTHEFIRSTPLACEINCROSSCULTURALCOMMUNICATIONITBRINGSHEADACHESTOTRANSLATIONTHEORISTSANDTRANSLATORSBECAUSETHETRANSLATORSNOTONLYSHOULDHAVEBILINGUALABILITIESBUTALSOSHOULDHAVETHEKNOWLEDGEOFTWOCULTURES,EVENSEVERALCULTURESENGLISHIDIOMSANDCHINESEIDIOMSAREBEAUTIFULGEMSOFTHETWOLANGUAGESASWELLASTHECRYSTALLIZATIONNATIONALCULTURESBOTHCHINESEANDENGLISHHAVEHUNDREDSOFIDIOMS,WHOSESUCCINCTFORMSANDPROFOUNDMEANINGSMAKETHEMSELVESMORECONDENSEDAND1INTRODUCTION2EXPRESSIVEWHATSMORE,ITISONEOFTHEMOSTDIFFICULTTHINGSTOUNDERSTANDTHECULTURALCONNOTATIONANDGETTHEIMPLICATIONFROMLITERALWORDSOFIDIOMSIDIOMSVIVIDLYDESCRIBETHECULTURALCHARACTERISTICSOFDIFFERENTNATIONALITIESFORTHEIRRICHNATIONAL,HISTORICANDREGIONALCONNOTATIONSINORDERTOTRANSLATETHEIDIOMSAPPROPRIATELY,THETRANSLATORSNOTONLYSHOULDFAITHFULLYCONVEYTHEORIGINALSPIRITANDMEANINGS,BUTALSOSHOULDENRICHTHECHINESEANDENGLISHVOCABULARIESTOPROVIDEABROADERCULTURALVISIONASAMATTEROFFACT,IDIOMSHAVEBEENACCEPTEDANDHANDEDDOWNBYPEOPLEATTHEPRESENTTIMEBECAUSEOFTHEIRUNIVERSALVALUETHUS,IDIOMSHOLDANIMPORTANTPOSITIONINLANGUAGEUSE,ANADEQUATETRANSLATIONOFIDIOMSISNOTONLYHELPFULBUTALSOESSENTIALINCROSSCULTURALCOMMUNICATIONTHISTHESISEXPOUNDSTHECLOSERELATIONSHIPAMONGIDIOMS,CULTUREANDTRANSLATION,ANDTHEISSUESOFTHETRANSLATIONOFIDIOMSAREEXPLOREDFROMACULTURALPERSPECTIVEA9A11A12A13A14A15A16A17A18A1932DEFINITIONANDMAINCLASSIFICATIONOFIDIOMSANYKINDOFLANGUAGEHASITSOWNSETPHRASESANDFIXEDSENTENCESWHICHVULGARLYANDVIVIDLYDESCRIBEPEOPLESEMOTIONANDSOCIALPHENOMENONTHROUGHACCUMULATIONDURINGLONGTIMETHEYARECALLED“IDIOMS”INENGLISHAND“G8733語成語”O(jiān)RG3“G10099語”INCHINESEIDIOMISAPARTICULARPARTOFLANGUAGEWHICHINCLUDESPROVERB,COLLOQUIALISM,SLANGANDALLUSIONANDSOON21DEFINITIONSOFIDIOMSTHEWORD“IDIOM”ISEQUALTO“習(xí)語”INCHINESE,WHICHPOSSESSESSEVERALDEFINITIONS,SUCHAS“ALANGUAGEOFAPEOPLEORACOUNTRY”O(jiān)R“ADIALECT”ITPROBABLYMAYBEDEFINED,ACCORDINGTOOXFORDADVANCEDLEARNERSENGLISHCHINESEDICTIONARY,AS“PHRASEORSENTENCEWHOSEMEANINGISNOTCLEARFROMTHEMEANINGOFITSINDIVIDUALWORDSANDWHICHMUSTBELEARNTASAWHOLEUNIT”HORNBY,2002,P734GENERALLY,COMMONPEOPLETHINKTHATANIDIOMISALSOAKINDOFASETPHRASEORSENTENCEFIXEDBYLONGPRACTICALUSAGEFROMTHEABOVECOGNITIONOFIDIOMS,WECANEXTRACTTWOBASICCRITERIAONWHICHTODECIDEWHETHERORNOTANEXPRESSIONISANIDIOMFIRSTLY,ANIDIOMALLOWSLITTLEORNOVARIATIONINFORMUNDERNORMALCIRCUMSTANCES,WHICHHASARELATIVELYHIGHDEGREEOFSTABILITYOFTHELEXICALCOMPONENTSINLONGPRACTICALUSEMOREOFTENTHANNOT,ANYCHANGEINTHECOMPONENTSWILLRESULTINABSURDITIESOREVENMAKETHEIDIOMSMEANINGLESSFOR2DEFINITIONANDMAINCLASSIFICATIONOFIDIOMS4EXAMPLE,“G6330G17347G15394”ALIONINTHEWAY,WECANNOTREPLACETHEWORD“LION”WITH“TIGER”INADDITION,PEOPLEWILLSAY“ANICEKETTLEOFFISH”THISWORD“NICE”CANTBEDELETEDSECONDLY,ANIDIOMUSUALLYPOSSESSESANIMPLIEDMEANING,INOTHERWORDS,ITCANNOTBEINTERPRETEDONLYACCORDINGTOITSLITERALMEANINGINMOSTINSTANCES,IDIOMSCANNOTBEDEDUCEDFROMTHEIRINDIVIDUALCOMPONENTSANDSHOULDBELEARNEDASAWHOLEUNITTOCATCHITSMETAPHORICALMEANINGFORINSTANCE,THECHINESEIDIOM“G14028G7389成G12493”,ITLITERALLYMEANSTOHAVETHEBAMBOOINONESMINDBUTFIGURATIVELYMEANSTOHAVEREADYPLANSORDESIGNINONESMINDBESIDES,SOMEONEWILLSAY,“BLACKSHEEP”ITDOESNOTMEANTHATASHEEPISBLACKOPPOSITELY,ITMEANSANEVILMEMBEROFAGROUPORAGOODFORNOTHINGPERSON22MAINCLASSIFICATIONOFIDIOMSIDIOMSARECOMMONLYRECOGNIZEDASTHEESSENCEORTHECRYSTALLIZATIONOFLANGUAGEINABROADSENSE,IDIOMSMAYINCLUDEPROVERBS,COLLOQUIALISMS,SLANGSANDALLUSIONS221SLANGSLANGSAREVERYINFORMALWORDSANDEXPRESSIONSTHATAREMORECOMMONINSPOKENENGLISH,ESPECIALLYUSEDBYAPARTICULARGROUPOFPEOPLE,SUCHASCHILDREN,CRIMINALS,SOLDIERS,ETCSLANGSAREROOTEDINLOCALPEOPLESLIFEEXPERIENCESORTHEIRCUSTOMSANDOCCURREDINLITERARYWORKS,SUCHASDRAMA,TVSERIALS,MOVIESANDMONOLOGUEINTHENOVELUSUALLY,SLANGSCANBEDIVIDEDINTOTHREESORTSEUPHEMISM,CURSEWORDSANDVULGARLANGUAGEHEREARESOMETYPICALEXAMPLESREPRESENTEDTHETHREEONESRESPECTIVELYASFOLLOWSA20A21A22A23A24A25A26A27A28A295CLOSEONESEYESG2524G11536，G2447G1002DAMNYOUG9163G17146，G16825G8527的DONTTALKCRAPG993G16213G14005說G1855G17959222ALLUSIONALLUSIONSORIGINATEFROMMYTHANDLEGEND,HISTORYANDCLASSICANDTHEYAREACTUALLYORIGINSANDNATIONALCHARACTERISTICSOFIDIOMSALLUSIONSOFIDIOMSAREUSEDWHENSOMETHINGTHATISSAIDORWRITTENTHATREFERSTOORMENTIONSANOTHERPERSONORSUBJECTINANINDIRECTWAYONACCOUNTOFTHEDIFFERENTSOCIALBACKGROUND,CUSTOMSANDRELIGIOUSINFLUENCES,THEMEANINGSOFIDIOMSAREMUCHMOREREMOTEDFROMTHEIRLITERALSENSESIFLACKINGOFTHEKNOWLEDGEOFTHEALLUSIONSMADEINIDIOMS,WEWILLHARDLYREADBETWEENTHELINESANDCATCHWHATTHEYIMPLYITISSAIDTHATASMALLPARTOFENGLISHALLUSIONSDRAWONSOURCESFROMTHESTORYOFGREECEANDROME,ANDMOSTOFTHEMAREFROMTHEBIBLEFOREXAMPLE,“BONEOFTHEBONEANDFLESHOFTHEFLESH”,APHRASEOFBIBLICALORIGIN,ISNOWMETAPHORICALLYUSEDTOREFERTO“BLOODRELATION”O(jiān)R“UNITYINTHOUGHT”O(jiān)NTHEOTHERHAND,CHINESEALLUSIONSMOSTLYCOMEFROMHISTORYFOREXAMPLE,GIVEONESENEMYAWIFEANDLOSEONESSOLDIERSASWELLG17192了G3839人G2460G6252G1865APHRASEREFERSTOAHISTORICALSTORYINTHEPERIODOFSANGUO,ISNOWUSEDTODESCRIBEASTUPIDPERSON223PROVERBPROVERBISAWELLKNOWPHRASEORSENTENCETHATGIVESADVICEORSAYSSOMETHINGTHATISGENERALLYTRUEIDIOMSORIGINATEDFROMTHELIFE,ITISCOMPREHENSIVETOGENERALIZETHELIFEPHENOMENONINSOCIETYANDWIDELYUSEDAMONGCOMMONPEOPLE2DEFINITIONANDMAINCLASSIFICATIONOFIDIOMS6MOSTOFTHEIDIOMSARESCIENTIFICSUMMARYOFTHELABORINGPEOPLESVIEWONTHEIREXPERIENCEDLIFETHROUGHPARTICULARWORKINAWORD,THESETERSE,COLLOQUIALANDVIVIDPROVERBSARETHEWISDOMOFHUMANBEINGSHEREARESOMETYPICALONESREFLECTINGCOMMONPEOPLESLIVESASTHEFOLLOWINGFARMERSWILLSAY“MANYHANDSMAKELIGHTWORKG1259人G6354G7624G9791G9988高”O(jiān)R“NOMILL,NOMEALG993G2183動(dòng)G13785G993G5483G20147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DCULTURESCONCERNED,ABEAUTIFULGEMOFALANGUAGEASWELLASCRYSTALLIZATIONOFNATIONALCULTURE,ACLOSESTUDYOFTHEMISINEVITABLEINTRANSLATIONHUANGSHUNLING,2010THEPOSSIBILITYOFTRANSLATIONISBASEDONTHEGENERALITYOFCULTURESINDIFFERENTCOUNTRIES,WHILETHELIMITOFTRANSLATIONISDUETOTHEIRCULTURALDIFFERENCESSTUDIESONTHERELATIONSHIPOFCULTUREANDTRANSLATIONWILLGIVEAPROMOTIONTOCULTURALCOMMUNICATION,ANDMAKETHETRANSLATIONBECOMESUCCESSFULCERTAINLY,WHENTRANSLATINGIDIOMS,THEINFLUENCEOFCULTUREONLANGUAGESHOULDBESEENTHEDIFFERENTOPINIONSOFTHEDOGINENGLISHANDCHINESEAREGOODEXAMPLESEVERYDOGHASITSDAYG1973人G18129G7389G5483G5859日，G20130G8712G17730G8981G17728G10411G3080里G2532G993出象G10285ADOGSMOUTHEMITSNOIVORYASIDIOMSCOMEFROMTHELIVESOFORDINARYPEOPLE,THEYSHOWTHEIRCULTURALORIGINSANDNATIONALIDENTITYA30A31A32A33A34A35A36A37A38A39114DISCUSSIONOFIDIOMTRANSLATIONTRANSLATIONISDIFFERENTFROMCOMMONCOMMUNICATIONSBECAUSEITINVOLVESALOTOFFACTORSITSWELLKNOWNTHATTRANSLATIONISNOTONLYTHECOMMUNICATIONBETWEENTWOLANGUAGES,BUTALSOTHECOMMUNICATIONANDTRANSMISSIONOFTWOKINDSOFCULTURALINFORMATIONTHEREFORE,IDIOMSAS“THEESSENCEOFTHELANGUAGE”AREDIFFICULTTOUNDERSTANDANDEVENMOREDIFFICULTTOTRANSLATETOCONQUERTHEDIFFERENCESBETWEENENGLISHANDCHINESEIDIOMSANDTHESPECIFICDIFFICULTIESCAUSEDBYTHEDIFFERENCES,APPROPRIATETRANSLATIONMETHODSSHOULDBECHOSENINTREATINGSPECIFICPROBLEMSINTHEFOLLOWING,THEAUTHORSHALLDISCUSSCERTAINMETHODSTHATCANBEUSEDINDEALINGWITHPARTICULARIDIOMSINTRANSLATIONBETWEENCHINESEANDENGLISH,ANDTRYTOANALYZETHEMONTHEBASEOFRELEVANCETHEORYHEREARETHREERELATIVELYPRACTICALMETHODSTHATCOULDBEUSEDINTHETRANSLATIONOFIDIOMS41LITERALTRANSLATIONTHESOCALLEDLITERALTRANSLATION,NOTONLYKEEPSTHEORIGINALCONTENTS,BUTALSOKEEPSTHEORIGINALFORMTHISTRANSLATIONMETHODISTOTRANSLATETHECONTEXTDIRECTLYANDCANCOMPLETELYRETAINTHEIDEASOFTHEORIGINALIMAGE,NATIONALIDENTITYANDLANGUAGESTYLEIFTHETARGETLANGUAGEUSESTHESAMEEXPRESSIONSTODESCRIBETHESAMECONTENT,ANDCANBRINGTHESAMEEFFECT,INTHISCASE,LITERALTRANSLATIONCANBECHOSENFORINSTANCE,THECHINESEIDIOM“G10495G2753G13781G21748”,WECANTAKETHEENGLISHIDIOM“TOSHED4DISCUSSIONOFIDIOMTRANSLATION12CROCODILETEARS”INSTEAD,BUTTHELITERALTRANSLATIONCANALSOBEUSEDIFPROPERINTHECONTEXTTOTRANSLATEITAS“THECATWEEPSOVERTHEMOUSESDEATH”HERE,THEANIMALS“CAT”AND“MOUSE”SHOULDBEWELLKNOWNTOTHEPEOPLEINTHEWORLDITISAPROBLEMTHATTHEENGLISHSPEAKINGPEOPLEDONOTEXACTLYHAVETHESAMEIDIOMWHENTHEIDIOMCANBETRANSLATEDLITERALLY,WEWILLNOTONLYTRANSLATETHEMEANINGOFIDIOMSBUTALSOINTRODUCESOMETHINGINTERESTINGTOTHEENGLISHPEOPLEANDALSOPROMOTETHECULTURALEXCHANGEOFTHETWONATIONSFROMLONGAGO,THECULTURALCOMMUNICATIONANDTRANSMISSIONAMONGNATIONSHASNEVERSTOPPEDSINCETHEMAY4THMOVEMENT,THETRANSLATORSATHOMEHAVEBROUGHTINMANYNEWANDMODERNWORDSANDIDEASFROMTHEFOREIGNORIGINALWORKSASARESULT,MANYIDIOMSORIGINALLYCOMINGFROMFOREIGNLANGUAGESAREUSEDBYUS,ESPECIALLYWESTERNLANGUAGESLIKEENGLISHALARGENUMBEROFENGLISHIDIOMSCOMEFROMTHEBIBLE,WHICHWERENOTBORNINTHEENGLISHLANGUAGE,BUTCOMEFROMHEBREWANDGREEKTHEENGLISHPEOPLEDONOTFEELUNCOMFORTABLEINUSINGTHEM,BUTFEELPROUDTHATTHEYMASTERTHEVIVIDANDRICHLANGUAGEINTHEWORLDTHECHINESEIDIOM“G1014G14092”LOSEFACEHASNOTONLYBECOMEASETPHRASEINENGLISH,BUTALSOBEENLITERALLYTRANSLATEDINTOMANYOTHERLANGUAGESINTHEWORLDSIMILARLY,THEIDIOM“G13452G13781G15394”ISVERYPOPULARAFTERITWASTRANSLATEDAS“PAPERTIGER”MODERNCHINESE,ASWELL,HASABSORBEDMANYFOREIGNIDIOMS,SUCHAS“SOURGRAPE”,TRANSLATEDAS“G18252葡萄”ANDTHEOTHERENGLISHIDIOM“EYEFOREYE,TOOTHFORTOOTH”,HAVEBEENLITERALLYTRANSLATEDAS“以G11536還G11536,以G10285還G10285”NOWADAYS,THEWESTERNERSAREREALLYINTERESTEDIN“功G3839”,THEYTRANSLATED“功G3839”AS“KUNGFU”,A30A31A32A33A34A35A36A37A38A3913THISISALSOAKINDOFLITERALTRAN