1本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)開題報(bào)告題目年產(chǎn)138萬(wàn)噸乙烯裝置分離工段乙烯精餾工序工藝設(shè)計(jì)院系化學(xué)工程學(xué)院專業(yè)化學(xué)工程與工藝班級(jí)化工0703班學(xué)生姓名指導(dǎo)教師論文提交日期年月日論文答辯日期年月日A1A0A2A3A4A5A6A7A9A82目錄引言1第一章文獻(xiàn)綜述211乙烯在國(guó)內(nèi)外的生產(chǎn)狀況2111國(guó)外狀況2112國(guó)內(nèi)狀況4第二章主要研究?jī)?nèi)容621乙烯原料的來源6211天然氣6212煉廠氣622乙烯的生產(chǎn)工藝623乙烯的分離技術(shù)724乙烯的生產(chǎn)方法及工藝725工藝流程726乙烯精餾塔的工藝計(jì)算8261物料衡算8262熱量衡算8263乙烯精餾塔的塔型與塔板的選擇及塔計(jì)算8實(shí)驗(yàn)進(jìn)度安排9參考文獻(xiàn)10A1A0A2A3A4A5A6A7A11A101引言乙烯是石油化工最基礎(chǔ)原料，是生產(chǎn)各種重要的有機(jī)化工產(chǎn)品的基礎(chǔ)。由于乙烯裝置是石油化工生產(chǎn)的有機(jī)原料的基礎(chǔ)，是石油化學(xué)工業(yè)的龍頭，所以它的生產(chǎn)規(guī)模，產(chǎn)量和技術(shù)標(biāo)志著一個(gè)國(guó)家的石油化學(xué)工業(yè)的發(fā)展水平。隨著世界經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，低級(jí)烯烴的需求呈逐年增加的的趨勢(shì)。面對(duì)新的形勢(shì)，乙烯生產(chǎn)企業(yè)應(yīng)該依靠技術(shù)創(chuàng)新，努力提高裝置技術(shù)水平，以增強(qiáng)產(chǎn)品的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。今年來，世界乙烯裝置規(guī)模大型化趨勢(shì)愈加明顯。2010年5月，全球最大的乙烷裂解裝置在卡塔爾建成，該裝置的設(shè)計(jì)乙烯產(chǎn)能為130萬(wàn)噸/年。隨著裂解爐生產(chǎn)能力的提高，不但單位乙烯生產(chǎn)能力的投資下降，G13792G1000G6817G1328成G7424和G13512G1474成G7424G1075G11468應(yīng)G1955G4581，G1186G13792降低G1114單位乙烯的生產(chǎn)成G7424。G6117國(guó)乙烯裝置G7234G17953規(guī)模G17751G4579，G1866平G3355能G13803G451G10301G13803G1075G11468應(yīng)G17751高。對(duì)裝置規(guī)模G4579G451G13582G1059G5078G3342競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的G4579型乙烯裝置，G999家建G16770G2499G1523G18504大型乙烯裝置G6925G17908的經(jīng)G20576，G17839G15904G6205能G6925G17908，形成G1025型乙烯裝置以有G6940G3332提高G10628有裝置競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。G2528G7114由于G6117國(guó)原油G1025G17743G17148油G2559量G7234G17953G1571低，G11464G20323石G14053油和G17743G7624油一G14336G2494G2356原油的30G8G5050G2503，G3252G8504，在G6117國(guó)發(fā)展重G17148油裂解技術(shù)G11752G12362G1867有G7509G1866重大的G10628G4466G5859G1053。隨著G1025國(guó)乙烯工業(yè)的發(fā)展，G1391需平G15925G1863G13007G4570逐G8505G5483G2052G6925G2904，G5078G3342競(jìng)爭(zhēng)G2029G7368加G9620G9884。面對(duì)以G5078G3342國(guó)G19481化G451資G9316國(guó)G19481化G451技術(shù)G994G1166G6177國(guó)G19481化G451資G7424國(guó)G19481化為G1039要G10317G5461的經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化大趨勢(shì)，G5078G3342G2356有G10587G1039要G2474G1927于產(chǎn)品品種G451G17148量和成G7424。G3252G8504，G8611個(gè)乙烯G2390應(yīng)有各G14270的G10317G14406，形成G14270G17535的強(qiáng)勢(shì)，G3926G7536G2494是G12628單G3332重G3809建設(shè)，產(chǎn)品G13479G7512G19659G2528，G2029G19602以形成競(jìng)爭(zhēng)G1260勢(shì)。G1025國(guó)乙烯G4396在G5052大的G5078G3342G13582G2487和G9052G17165增G19283G12366G19400，國(guó)產(chǎn)乙烯的G5078G3342G2356有G10587一G11464G17751低。為G13543解國(guó)G1881乙烯G1391應(yīng)G13051G5364，G9397G17287國(guó)G1881經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展需求，G15441G9994G1025國(guó)石油G451G1025國(guó)石化和G1025G9035油加G5567G4466G7057乙烯G6205能計(jì)G2022，但G20056計(jì)G20522010年G1025國(guó)乙烯G5415量G9052G17165G1391需G13582G2487G4570達(dá)1119萬(wàn)噸。G1186整體情況看，G1025國(guó)乙烯工業(yè)還有G17751大的發(fā)展G12366G19400。A12A13A14A15A16A17A18A19A20A21A22A232第一章文獻(xiàn)綜述11乙烯在國(guó)內(nèi)外的生產(chǎn)狀況111國(guó)外狀況半個(gè)世紀(jì)以來，石油化學(xué)工業(yè)一G11464以高于國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)生產(chǎn)總值的增G19283速度發(fā)展，許多國(guó)家還把它列為國(guó)家工業(yè)發(fā)展的重點(diǎn)。1960年世界乙烯產(chǎn)量為2910KT，1970年為19760KT，1980年達(dá)G205234020KT1990年達(dá)G205256300KT。20世紀(jì)80年代末G45190年代初，由于全球經(jīng)濟(jì)G3809蘇，G10317別是亞洲發(fā)展G1025國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)迅速發(fā)展，對(duì)石化產(chǎn)品的需求大大增加，刺G9620G1114各國(guó)石油化工裝置的增建和G6205建。G11861990年以來，一批新建和G6205建的乙烯裝置陸續(xù)投產(chǎn)，世界乙烯生產(chǎn)能力和產(chǎn)量G3355有G17751大的增G19283，G20521992年世界乙烯生產(chǎn)能力已超過70000KT，1997年接近87000KT，產(chǎn)量達(dá)G205278500KT。2006年，世界乙烯生產(chǎn)能力已達(dá)G2052126000KT。近年來全球乙烯需求量和生產(chǎn)能力見表11。A24A25A26A25A27A28A29A30A31A32A33A34A35A36A37A38KT年份乙烯需求量乙烯生產(chǎn)能力年份乙烯需求量乙烯生產(chǎn)能力199778000870002002950001080001998820009000020031000001110001999870009500020041050001120002000900009800020051070001200002001900001020002006115000126000由表11G2499見G11862003年起乙烯需求穩(wěn)G8505上漲G2528G7114，G142702003年以來世界乙烯產(chǎn)能G13543慢，導(dǎo)致世界G1391應(yīng)乙烯G13051G5364，乙烯裝置的開工G10587不斷提高，2006年世界乙烯裝置平G3355開工G10587達(dá)92G8。G142702006年起，世界乙烯產(chǎn)能又開始新一輪G6205G5364。G20056計(jì)20062011年世界乙烯產(chǎn)能G4570增加39430KT/A，年G3355增速為59G8；G2528期乙烯需求年G3355增速為47G8。G20522011年世界乙烯產(chǎn)能G4570達(dá)158950KT/A（見表L2）。G1866G1025，G1025東產(chǎn)能G4570增G19283A39A40A41A42A43A44A45A46A42A47A48A49317510KT/A，G2356世界乙烯產(chǎn)能總增量的444G8，年G3355增幅高達(dá)198G8；亞洲產(chǎn)能G4570增G1928317920KT/AG2356455G8，年G3355增幅為87G8；G13792美洲和歐洲乙烯能力增G19283幅度G2029G11468對(duì)有限。A50A51A52A53A53A54A54A55A56A53A54A51A51A57A58A59A60A61A62A63A64A65A66A67A68A69A70A71A72A73A74A75A76A77A77A78A79A76A77A77A80A79A76A77A77A81A79A76A77A78A78A79A77A80A82A78A78A79A83A84A85A86A87A88A88A80A80A77A88A89A90A77A77A88A89A91A78A77A88A92A78A77A77A76A77A77A93A87A76A80A90A76A77A88A89A92A78A77A88A91A78A89A77A92A76A89A88A77A78A81A90A76A77A94A95A76A76A92A78A77A76A88A90A91A77A76A89A88A91A77A76A92A78A91A77A78A76A77A77A96A97A91A92A81A77A78A78A90A89A77A78A89A92A89A77A76A90A89A92A77A78A81A92A78A77A96A97A95A80A88A77A77A80A90A80A77A81A77A78A77A91A77A76A77A78A77A80A77A98A99A86A87A89A88A76A77A89A90A90A77A89A90A90A77A92A91A80A77A91A81A77A100A87A78A92A76A77A78A80A91A77A101A76A88A76A77A80A89A77A102A103A87A92A76A77A92A80A77A101A92A90A77A88A77A104A105A106A107A78A77A89A88A76A77A78A78A90A92A76A77A78A76A88A91A90A77A78A92A91A90A92A77A88A90A89A88A77石油化工受世界經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化影響，各G3332區(qū)生產(chǎn)能力比例變化明顯，美國(guó)G451西歐G451日G7424支配世界石化工業(yè)的格局已不G3809G4396在。G1186最近幾年的總體情況看，歐洲和北美的乙烯產(chǎn)能所G2356比重有所下降，G13792亞洲G451G1025東及拉丁美洲所G2356比重逐G8505上升。世界乙烯生產(chǎn)已形成北美G451西歐G451亞太三G17287鼎立的局面，發(fā)展重點(diǎn)向亞太和G1025東G3332區(qū)轉(zhuǎn)移。2001年北美G451亞洲和西歐G2356世界產(chǎn)能的比重分別為323G8G451258G8和216G8，2006年G2029分別為292G8G451289G8和201G8；G1025東G1328為世界第四大乙烯產(chǎn)區(qū)，G2356世界產(chǎn)能的比重G11862001年的82G8增G19283G20522006年的10G8。目前，美國(guó)是世界最大的乙烯生產(chǎn)國(guó)，2006年乙烯生產(chǎn)能力為28773KT/A，G2356世界的234G8。G1025國(guó)2006年的乙烯生產(chǎn)能力為9840KT/A，已躍居世界第二位，排名僅次于美國(guó)，G2356世界總產(chǎn)能的82G8。2006年世界十大乙烯生產(chǎn)國(guó)的產(chǎn)能總計(jì)80316KT/A，G2356世界的675G8。2006年世界十大乙烯生產(chǎn)商的產(chǎn)能總計(jì)為55056KT/A，G2356世界總產(chǎn)能的461G8。陶氏化學(xué)G451?？松梨诤蜕矴10317基礎(chǔ)工業(yè)公司分別位居前三位。G1025國(guó)石化集團(tuán)公司以5495KT/A的乙烯產(chǎn)能居世界第五位。A39A40A41A42A43A44A45A46A42A47A48A494112國(guó)內(nèi)狀況截G142792007年G5225，G6117國(guó)大陸G1861G6329有19家乙烯生產(chǎn)企業(yè)，22G3883乙烯裝置，乙烯生產(chǎn)能力接近LG50G50G50G50KT/A，達(dá)G20529885KT/A；全國(guó)乙烯產(chǎn)量G20330次G12373G11784G1114G2327萬(wàn)噸大G1863，G13434為10280KT，已超G17246日G7424，僅次于美國(guó)，穩(wěn)居世界第二。平G3355單G3883乙烯裝置能力G1075達(dá)G2052454KT/A，已有G6980G3883乙烯裝置單G3883能力達(dá)G2052世界級(jí)規(guī)模，G3926G1025國(guó)石化G14550名石化公司G451上G9035G17199G12197G451上G9035石化公司G451G21796G21077石化公司G451G10153G4677石化公司G451G6208G4388石化公司和G6208G4388G5064G7043G3839乙烯單G3883裝置規(guī)模分別為L(zhǎng)G50G50G50KT/AG451900KT/AG451845KT/AG451800KT/AG451710KT/AG451650KT/A和600KT/A，G1025國(guó)石油G2525G7531石化公司G451G1860G5042石化公司G451大G5210石化公司乙烯單G3883裝置規(guī)模分別為700KT/AG451700KT/AG451600KT/A。G1866G1025，G1025國(guó)石化G6329有11家乙烯生產(chǎn)企業(yè)（G2559G17199G12197G451G6208G5064），G186112G3883乙烯裝置，總的乙烯生產(chǎn)能力為6295KT/A（G5415年G8821有新增產(chǎn)能），G2356全國(guó)乙烯生產(chǎn)能力9985KT/A（全國(guó)乙烯G15904業(yè)G2339G1262G13491計(jì)G6980G6466）的63G8。G1025國(guó)石油G6329有6家乙烯生產(chǎn)企業(yè)，G18618G3883乙烯裝置，總的乙烯生產(chǎn)能力為2710KT/A（2007年G17809G19463石化G4448成G6205能G6925G17908，G1363G1866年產(chǎn)能G1186120KT/A增加G2052200KT/A），G2356全國(guó)乙烯生產(chǎn)能力9985KT/A的27G8。G1025G9035G3783G10272乙烯G1075于2006年1月建成投產(chǎn)，能力為800KT/A，原G4658于G3332G7053的G11436G19194乙烯G10628已G4658于G1865G3132工業(yè)總公司。2003年G142792008年G6117國(guó)各乙烯企業(yè)的乙烯產(chǎn)量見表13。G6117國(guó)僅G110044年G7114G19400G4613G1363乙烯產(chǎn)量G11862003年的6118KTG10479增G142792007年G11784G2327萬(wàn)噸大G1863，為10278KT。2003。2007年4年G19400，G6117國(guó)乙烯產(chǎn)量的年G3355增G19283G10587達(dá)G2052138G8。A108A109A110A111A112A113A113A111A114A115A112A113A113A116A114A117A118A119A120A121A122A123A124A114A125A120A121A126A127A118A128A129A130A131A132A133A134A135A135A136A137A134A135A135A138A137A134A135A135A139A137A134A135A135A140A137A134A135A135A141A137A134A135A135A142A137A143A144A145A146A147A148A138A149A138A138A150A138A151A138A138A134A139A138A150A142A139A139A139A138A151A150A138A136A134A134A140A136A136A135A150A151A140A134A140A140A151A136A150A151A139A138A140A136A139A151A150A136A139A138A152A153A145A146A141A134A134A150A134A149A141A142A135A149A150A134A141A151A142A149A149A150A142A134A134A142A134A135A150A135A149A138A141A138A142A150A139A149A151A141A142A136A150A151A140A138A154A155A145A146A139A140A136A150A134A149A142A138A139A140A150A138A151A134A142A134A139A150A149A142A149A142A136A142A150A142A142A138A140A150A142A149A135A142A135A135A150A136A141A142A156A157A145A146A141A140A139A150A134A142A139A142A149A134A150A139A138A138A141A141A139A150A142A149A151A141A139A139A150A135A138A138A142A135A149A150A149A149A142A141A138A136A150A140A135A142A158A159A145A146A151A138A142A150A136A149A149A151A139A139A150A151A140A140A151A140A134A150A136A140A141A151A140A135A150A134A151A141A142A140A151A150A138A138A149A142A142A139A150A140A138A151A158A159A134A160A142A135A149A150A134A139A151A141A142A141A150A151A134A142A142A149A149A150A136A136A151A141A151A134A150A134A136A151A151A149A149A150A135A138A141A141A140A139A150A151A136A138A158A159A149A160A149A138A141A150A135A139A134A149A140A142A150A135A136A142A149A139A149A150A135A134A142A149A140A142A150A135A139A142A149A139A142A150A136A151A138A149A149A151A150A141A149A139A161A162A145A146A134A136A135A150A135A135A151A134A134A141A150A142A139A134A134A135A141A150A135A139A149A150A134A136A149A150A140A142A142A134A134A139A150A139A138A138A149A141A135A150A149A139A163A132A145A146A136A151A135A150A135A149A142A136A151A136A150A140A139A140A136A138A142A150A149A134A136A139A134A134A150A149A149A139A151A140A134A150A139A139A151A151A139A138A150A142A149A140A143A164A145A146A149A151A135A150A135A134A141A134A135A151A150A149A151A151A149A151A149A150A139A141A136A134A149A138A150A138A140A140A134A149A149A150A138A139A149A141A138A150A141A140A141A165A166A145A146A149A141A135A150A149A135A142A134A149A141A150A134A140A142A134A149A136A150A140A134A140A149A151A139A150A141A149A134A134A149A135A150A140A141A141A134A149A151A150A141A141A139A167A168A169A170A171A172A173A174A175A176A177A1785A179A180A181A182A183A184A185A186A187A188A183A183A189A188A186A185A190A190A183A191A191A186A185A183A183A184A189A186A192A183A184A183A184A188A186A188A185A183A191A188A186A183A185A184A193A194A195A196A184A197A188A190A191A191A186A190A185A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G11014基乙炔及G1005二烯的脫G195124一氧化G11911