1、遼寧營口市2014高考英語閱讀理解、短文填單詞類訓(xùn)練題（5）及答案閱讀理解專題訓(xùn)練（一）閱讀中的猜詞技巧（4）根據(jù)同等關(guān)系猜測詞義方法點撥同等關(guān)系指一組詞在句中作同一成分，且它們的詞義屬于同一義域，這些 詞常用and或or來連接。如：At fifty he is in_his_primc_ofLlife and always full of energy.根據(jù)full of energy可判斷出in his prime of life的意思為“最好的時候、精力 旺盛之際”。活學(xué)活用（一）利用上述猜詞技巧，猜測下列各句劃線部分的意思1 He is a serious person who alw

2、ays does everything conscientiously.2. If you don't stop doing like this, you'll impair your health.3 He strayed because of the darkness, and didn't know where he was.4. In the ancient city of Rome, we visited every mansion, battle site, theatre and other public halls.（一）1. 解析：根據(jù)serious可

3、判斷出conscientiously為“認真”之意。答案：認真2. 解析：從if條件句的意思可推斷出句中impah的意思為“損害健康”。答案：損害3. 解析：由句中的because of the darkness可推斷出stray的意思為“迷路"。答案：迷路4. 解析：因為mansion與“戰(zhàn)場遺址”、“劇院”、“其它公眾廳”并列， 所以mansion也應(yīng)屬于建筑物或場所。答案：大廈 *結(jié)束短文填單詞考向分析湖南閱讀填空題的設(shè)置分為兩個部分：一篇閱讀文章和一個被挖去io個空的表格。1. 體裁特點:閱讀填空題的閱讀材料一般是說明文。閱讀文章的基本長度為300個詞。2. 文章題材:文章題

4、材話題廣泛。2008年介紹了幾種green roof,分別分析其利弊或構(gòu)成：2009年介紹了 eco-fashion, 分析英問題和解決方案：2010年則介紹了學(xué)徒期（見習(xí)期）的好處：2011年則介紹了對青少年真正有幫助的 網(wǎng)站：2012年講述人類對河流資源的利用，從利用原因和利用方式方而分別介紹，結(jié)構(gòu)淸晰。3. 文章結(jié)構(gòu)：文章結(jié)構(gòu)淸晰，便于考生從篇章的角度去歸納文章的主旨。例如問題解決型、利弊分析型、時間事件 型、人物地點對比等等。各種類別對應(yīng)明顯，層次分明。4. 表格特點：表格一般由表頭和表格構(gòu)成，與文章的結(jié)構(gòu)對應(yīng)緊密。經(jīng)常采用嵌套式的總分結(jié)構(gòu)展開。一個大的主 題被分成若干個分支論點，而若

5、干個分支論點又被若干個小的細肖所支撐與論證。其結(jié)構(gòu)如下圖所示：TitleParagraph 1Detail 1Detail 1Detail 1.2 Paragraph 2Detail 2Detail 2Detail 2.2 Paragraph 3Detail 3i»Detail 3Detail 3.2 -3-Conclusion5填空題的設(shè)置特點：由于考查的能力不一樣，所以試題也會分為幾種不同的類型。 全文主旨題：主旨題所出現(xiàn)的位苣是在表頭。主旨題要求學(xué)生在讀懂全篇的基礎(chǔ)上再對所讀的內(nèi)容進行概括和提煉。 由于有字數(shù)限制，所以這類題目的難度相對較大。全文主旨題考查的是考生歸納中心的能力

6、。 段落主旨題：段落主旨題所岀現(xiàn)的位置一般是在表格(除了表頭外)的第一行或者是第一列，要求考生來概括該段的 中心大意。由于測試文體和文章結(jié)構(gòu)本身的一些特點，成為答案的高頻詞往往有表好處的 (advantage/merit/positive point)、壞處的(disadvantage/demerit/negative point)、目的(purposc/aim/goal)、話題 (theme/topic)類型(kind/iypc/sort)、建議(advice/suggestion) 方法(way/method/means)原因(rcason/causc)、 結(jié)果(rcsult/cffcct

7、)、特點(feature/characteristic)> 功能(function/use/benefit)評價(comment/assessment)、問題 (problcm/diffici山y(tǒng))、解決方法(solution/key/answer)等。 細節(jié)檢索題：細節(jié)檢索題屬于簡單題型，考生只要會根擄相關(guān)信息定位，找到答案在原文中所出現(xiàn)的位置，無須經(jīng) 過任何改寫，就能直接把原文中的詞或者短語填入空格中。 信息改寫題：信息改寫題屬于難題，它不僅要求考生能夠準確找到信息，還需要考生在找到信息后，用自己的語言 把信息進行改寫，改寫為長度是3個詞之內(nèi)的短語。例如：原文中說This is a

8、room free of smoke.這一信息 可以考慮改寫為a smoke-free roomo這類題目出現(xiàn)的頻率比較髙，屬于能區(qū)分考生檔次的題目。一般來說，段落主旨題、細節(jié)檢索題可從文中摘錄原詞回答，比較容易，一般占56題：全文主旨題、 信息改寫題通常需要用同義詞替換或改寫，稍難些，一般占45題。湖南閱讀填空題與傳統(tǒng)的閱讀理解題的主要不同在于它對文章結(jié)構(gòu)和層次的體現(xiàn)。從大標題(文章主題) 到小標題(論述的各個層面或分析列舉)，再到各個細卩或不同論據(jù)。閱讀填空題以表格的形式形象地展現(xiàn) 了文章的框架，讓學(xué)生對文章進行了徹底分析。湖南閱讀填空題設(shè)題的初衷是考查學(xué)生對信息的綜合加工 和處理能力，其

9、信息不僅體現(xiàn)在短文閱讀中，還體現(xiàn)在對表格信息的比較和理解中。綜合考試說明中 的四種類型所體現(xiàn)的三類命題，即捕捉信息題、組織信息題和歸納信息題，較為恰當(dāng)?shù)脑O(shè)題比例一般是5 ： 3： 2。單就這一題型來講，兼顧了學(xué)生的不同層次，有覆蓋而也有區(qū)分度，從考査學(xué)生水平的角度來說， 是比較科學(xué)和客觀的。湖南閱讀填空題屬于主觀題范疇，除考查閱讀理解能力之外，還考查文字表達能力。所有的組織信息 題，都會考査對閱讀所得的信息進行加工，同時兼顧空格前后的文字與句式來選用適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。在這一過 程中，所有文字表述需要的知識點都會得到相應(yīng)的考查，例如主謂一致、時態(tài)和語態(tài)、非謂語動詞、固立 搭配等基礎(chǔ)的語言知識。今后命題

10、，難度估計不會增加，但會增加考生對英語運用能力的測試。* * * * * * * * 結(jié)束閱讀文章解題步驟1. 快速瀏覽閱讀文章：快速瀏覽閱讀文章，需要重點閱讀的是每段的首句。因為每段的首句極有可能就是該段的中心句，而 這些中心句往往對應(yīng)段落主旨題，而且對于每段首句的歸納，也很容易幫助我們解全文主旨題。像在閱讀 2009年的文章時，首先我們閱讀每段的首句，發(fā)現(xiàn)前三段的中心句分別就是前三段的首句。例如第一段首 句為“Wlntiseco-fashion? “，所以我們就知道第一段主要是對eco-fashion的解釋；第二段首句為“What are the problems with fashion

11、? ”，所以第二段主要講fashion遇到的問題：第三段首句為"Then, how to solve the problems? 所以第三段主要講如何解決fashion所遇到的問題。2. 仔細閱讀表格：在閱讀表格的時候，要注意表格的大體結(jié)構(gòu)，在我們無法把握文章結(jié)構(gòu)的時候，我們可以通過閱讀表 格來了解文章結(jié)構(gòu)。在大部分時候，表格表頭的第一行或者第一列往往對應(yīng)文章的第一個層次的結(jié)構(gòu)。還 要注意同一列內(nèi)或者同一行內(nèi)的內(nèi)容往往形式和語法上都高度一致。如果上一行首字母是大寫，下一行的 首字母也得大寫。3. 分析空格：首先，看空格所處的位垃，處于哪行哪列，仔細看所在行和列的其他內(nèi)容從語法上和形式

12、上分別有什 么樣的特點，初步判斷該要填寫的詞或短語的形式和詞性。4. 信息定位和改寫：這是解題的關(guān)鍵所在。對于細療檢索題和信息改寫題，我們要立位準確，然后再改寫為3個詞以內(nèi)的 單詞或者短語。在把泄位信息進行改寫的時候，我們需要注意以下幾點：第一，要完整地轉(zhuǎn)述原文的意思, 隨意地添加信息或者刪除重要信息都是不行的；第二，注意字數(shù)限制，要保證字數(shù)在三個詞以內(nèi)：第三， 填入的詞要符合語法結(jié)構(gòu)，比如說，句子主語是第三人稱單數(shù)，填入的謂語動詞則應(yīng)該有相應(yīng)的形式變化; 第四，要注意大小寫。任何一個表格單元格里的信息單元，都應(yīng)該首字母大寫。為了使所要填寫的詞語具 有高度的概括性。我們常常會使用以下一些方法：

13、把句子改寫成短語：把從句轉(zhuǎn)化成非謂語動詞等。如：原文：The idea which was put forward by the organization worked out well.題 目：The ideaby the organization worked out well.在這里，我們可以填入put forward,把左語從句改成了過去分詞作泄語，減少了 2個詞。原文：That he was late made the teacher angry.題 目： made the teacher angry.在這里，我們可以填入His being late,把主語從句改成了動名詞作主語，成

14、功地把4個詞轉(zhuǎn)化成了 3 個詞。原文：This satellite was made by man.題目：Asatellite.在這里，我們可以填入man-made,把一個句子改成含過去分詞的復(fù)合形容詞作前苣左語，把詞數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)化 成1個。原文：He is a person who looks serious.題目：aperson.在這里，我們可以填入serious-looking,把一個立語從句改成含現(xiàn)在分詞的復(fù)合形容詞作前置左語，把 詞數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)化成1個。原文： We live in a society which changes fast.題目:We live in asociety.在這里，我們可

15、以填入fast-changing,把一個泄語從句改成“副詞+現(xiàn)在分詞“的復(fù)合形容詞，耙詞數(shù) 成功轉(zhuǎn)化為1個。原文： Mr Smith is a professor who is respected highly.題目：Mr Smith is aprofessor.在這里，我們可以填入highly-respected,把一個左語從句改成“副詞+過去分詞“的復(fù)合形容詞，把詞 數(shù)成功轉(zhuǎn)化為1個。原文：He has blond hair.題目：He is aperson.在這里，我們可以填入blond-haired,把一個句子改成“形容詞+需詞+ -ecT的復(fù)合形容詞，把詞數(shù)成 功轉(zhuǎn)化為1個。盡管閱讀

16、填空題有一定的難度，但它有其獨特的解題方法和套路。只要我們在解題時，注意總結(jié)規(guī)律， 一切困難都會迎刃而解。* * * * 導(dǎo)導(dǎo)* * *$* * 結(jié)束【閱讀文章簡答題】（A）（2012-湖南岳陽一中一模）John Irving Bentley was a Pennsylvanian physician who was found burned to death in his bathroom in December 1966.Many people were burned to death, but Bentley's case was very different from othe

17、rs* because he didn't die in a house fire.Dr Bentley was a victim of spontaneous human combustion （人體自燃）Dr Bentley was last seen alive on December 4th,1966.Some friends had been visiting him and they didn't leave his home until about 9 o'clock in the evening.The following morning a meter

18、 reader（抄表員）named Don Gosnell arrived at Bentley's home and let himself in.Gosncll headed straight for the basement（地下室）where the meter was kept.While he was down in the basement, Gosnell became aware of some strange smell and he also noticed the presence of some light blue smoke.Naturally, the

19、meter reader was curious about this and he went upstairs Gosncl found more smoke in the bedroom and an inspection of the bathroom revealed （顯示）Bentley's fate.All that remained of him was the lower half of his right leg.Bcntle/s foot was still inside his slipper.Thc rest of Bentley's body had

20、 been reduced to ashes, some of which were on the floor of the bathroom, while the rest of them were down in the basement because the heat from the blazing （燃燒的）body had burned a hole in the floor.At the time it was thought that Dr Bentley might have set himself on fire with his pipe.This theory was

21、 dismissed （駁回）soon because the Bentley's pipe was found on its stand beside his bed in the next room.Nobody has ever been able to offer a satisfactory explanation for what happened to Dr Bentley.He was just one of many victims throughout the years > whose death is a mystery and may always be

22、 so.51 When did the accident happen? (No more than 4 words)2. Why did Don Gosnell come to Dr Bentle/s home that morning? (No more than 9 words)3 What made Don Gosnell go up to the bedroom from the basement? (No more than 12 words)4. Why was it impossible that Dr Bentley set himself on fire with his

23、pipe ? (No more than 9 words)參考答案簡答題1 In December 1966.2 To read the meter of Dr Bcntley*s home3 Some strange smell and the presence of some light blue smoke4. Because his pipe was found in another room京* 車*4(4t4t*4c*4(*京*定*京* 紂;束閱讀表達(共5小題，每小題3分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文并回答問題，然后將答案寫到答案卡相應(yīng)的位置上(請注意76至79四個小題后面的詞數(shù)要求

24、)。1 Ashley Power's mother bought a computer for her when she was eight When she was thirteen, she was surfing the In ter net regularly, but she coul dn't find any where for tee nagers to meet and talk. And one day she thought, "If I had my own website, I'd make it a really interesti

25、ng site for teenagers."2 So, when Ashley was sixteen, she launched her own website, called Goosehead She had no idea how big a success it would be, but three years later, the site was the most successful teen site in the USA! It was getting 100,000 hits every day, and Ashley had about 30 employ

26、ees.3 After a few years, the website closed down. Then Ashley, who lives in Los Angeles, was asked to write a book called The Goosehead Guide to Life. The book is about how to design a website and start a business It begins with a section called "All About Ashley/ where Ashley tells readers what it is like to be the boss of a compa ny when you are only sixteen "I was so happy But it was crazy in a lot of ways I got very stressed I mean, I was only sixteen I didn't even have a car! If you were sixteen and you had your own company, you&#