1、 Unit 1 The world of our sense Grammar Noun clause名詞性從句名詞性從句 引導名詞性從句的連接詞可分為三類：引導名詞性從句的連接詞可分為三類： 連接詞：連接詞：that, whether, if連接代詞：連接代詞：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which.連接副詞：連接副詞：when, where, how, why 主語從句是在復合句中充當主語的從句，通常主語從句是在復合句中充當主語的從句，通常放在主句謂語動詞之前或由形式主語放在主句謂語動詞之前或由形式主語itit代替，而本身代替，而本身

2、放在句子末尾。放在句子末尾。 It 作形式主語代替主語從句，主要是為了平衡句子結構，主作形式主語代替主語從句，主要是為了平衡句子結構，主語從句的連接詞沒有變化。例如：語從句的連接詞沒有變化。例如： It is a pity that you didnt go to see the film. It doesnt interest me whether you succeed or not. Subject clause引導主語從句的連詞主要有引導主語從句的連詞主要有:一一.由由 that 引導的主從引導的主從:1. That we shall be late is certain.2. _ i

3、s known to all. (地球是圓的地球是圓的)3. _ is a pity. (你錯過了這次機會你錯過了這次機會) that 不作成分，無意義不作成分，無意義, 但不能省略但不能省略. 后接一個完整的后接一個完整的陳述句陳述句.That the earth is roundThat you missed the chancethatwhether疑問詞疑問詞注：that 引導的主語從句作主語，謂語用單數。That 引導的主從，常用形式主語it 代替，that 從句后移。That we need time is obvious.It is obvious that we need ti

4、me.2. What 引導的主從，what作主語，賓語或表語，表。的東西What we need is time.What he said it is true.What 引導的主從，謂語動詞視后面的名詞而定。What we need time.What he gave me are two books.is what 引導主語從句時在句時在從句中充當引導主語從句時在句時在從句中充當句子成分，如主語賓語表語，而句子成分，如主語賓語表語，而that 則則不然。例如：不然。例如： 1) _you said yesterday is right. 2) _she is still alive is

5、a good thing. It is right what you said yesterday.It is a good thing that she is still alive.WhatThat2. what 與與that 在引導主語從句時的區(qū)別在引導主語從句時的區(qū)別Whether we will succeed is still a question.是否我們要參加這次會議仍未被決定。 Whether we shall attend the meeting hasnt been decided yet. 陳述語序陳述語序4. 疑問詞引導的主語從句 what; which; who;

6、whom; when; where; why; how 原則:缺什么補什么缺什么補什么What he said at the meeting surprised us.Who will win the game is not clear.Where he will go is unknown.AEx.CA 賓語從句就是在復合句中作賓語的名詞性從句，通常放賓語從句就是在復合句中作賓語的名詞性從句，通常放在主句謂語動詞在主句謂語動詞 (及物動詞及物動詞) 或介詞之后。或介詞之后。1. 作動詞的賓語作動詞的賓語 (1) 由由that引導的賓語從句引導的賓語從句(that 通?？梢允÷酝ǔ？梢允÷?,

7、 例如：例如： I heard that he joined the army. (2) 由由what, whether (if) 引導的賓語從句，例如：引導的賓語從句，例如： She did not know what had happened. I wonder whether you can change this note for me. (3) 動詞間接賓語賓語從句。例如：動詞間接賓語賓語從句。例如： She told me that she would accept my invitation.2. 作介詞的賓語，作介詞的賓語，例如：例如： Our success depends

8、upon how well we can cooperate(合作）合作）with one another.3. 作形容詞的賓語，作形容詞的賓語，例如：例如： I am afraid (that) Ive made a mistake. I am sure (that) he will win the game.4. it 可以作為形式賓語可以作為形式賓語 it 不僅可以作為形式主語，還可以作為形式賓語而真正不僅可以作為形式主語，還可以作為形式賓語而真正的賓語的賓語that 從句則放在句尾，特別是在帶復合賓語的句子從句則放在句尾，特別是在帶復合賓語的句子中。中。 例如：例如： We thoug

9、ht it good news that the fog had finally gone. We believe he is honest. I told him I would come back soon.thatif/whether疑問詞疑問詞.He said that he liked rain very much andthat he would not use an umbrella.if 和和whether 的選用的選用1)從句是一般疑問句作動詞的賓語從句是一般疑問句作動詞的賓語,二者都可用二者都可用;2)Whether or not搭配搭配,不能用不能用if;1. 主語從句不

10、能用主語從句不能用ifWhether he will come is unknown. 2. 表語從句不能用表語從句不能用if，如：，如：The question is whether you should accept it.3. 同位語從句不能用同位語從句不能用if，如：，如：The question whether hell attend the meeting is not decided.4. 從句作介詞的賓語不能用從句作介詞的賓語不能用if，如：，如： Im not interested in whether theyll go or not. It depends on whet

11、her we have got enough money. 5. 直接跟不定式連用，連詞不能用直接跟不定式連用，連詞不能用if 如：如：She hasnt decided whether to go or not.6.Whether or not搭配搭配,不能用不能用if用if 或whether 填空1. I dont know _ Ill be free tomorrow.2. I dont know _ or not Ill be free tomorrow.3. The question is _ this book is worth writing. 4. It depends on

12、_ we will have enough money.5. _ they can do it matters little to us.6._ you are not free tomorrow , Ill go without you.whether/ifwhetherwhetherwhetherWhetherIf 3. 疑問詞引導的賓語從句I dont know what I should do.I dont know where he lives.I dont know where hell visit. 1. I dont know _ broke the glass yesterd

13、ay. 2. We should pay attention to _ the teacher is saying. 3. The teacher asked _ I was getting on with my classmates. A.what B. that C. how D. if 4. We thought _ strange that she didnt come yesterday. A. that B. it C. this D. whatwhowhatCBdoubt 用于肯定句，其賓從用if/whetherI doubt whether he will come tomor

14、row.Doubt 用于否定句，疑問句，用thatI dont doubt that he will come tomorrow.Do you doubt that?5. 虛擬語氣在賓語從句中的應用：Suggest, insist, require, order,request, demand, propose, advice +that 主+should+V原形，should可省略。 He suggested that a meeting should be held at once.He insisted that he not be sent to work in Tibet. We b

15、elieve he is honest.He said that he liked rain very much andthat he would not use an umbrella.3.賓語從句的語序問題，用正常語序1.The photographs will show you _. A. what does our village look like B. what our village looks like C. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like 2.You can hardly imagine

16、 _when he heard the news. A. how he was excited B. how was he excited C. how excited he was D. he was how excited3.He asked_for a violin.（MET92） A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid BCD4.賓語從句的時態(tài)呼應賓語從句的時態(tài)呼應1）. 如果主句時態(tài)是現在時或將來時如果主句時態(tài)是現在時或將來時,從句謂語可根據句意需要而選從句謂語

17、可根據句意需要而選用任一種時態(tài)用任一種時態(tài). a .他相信他的夢想總有一天會實現的他相信他的夢想總有一天會實現的. He believes _ . b .請告訴我你昨天這個時候在干什么請告訴我你昨天這個時候在干什么. Please tell me _.his dream will come true some daywhat you were doing at this time yesterday2）. He told me. I am preparing for the exam. He told me. I have left my hometown for many years. 3）

18、.老師告訴我們地球是圓的。老師告訴我們地球是圓的。 The teacher told us _.He told me he was preparing for the exam.He told me he had left his hometown for many years.the earth is round1.It now appears _ they are in need of help. A. that B. which C. what D. how3.It _ he is late for class.A. may that B. might thatC. may be tha

19、t D. might be what4._ knows the truth will tell you about it. A. Who that B. Whoever C. Whom that D. That who5.You must do well _ the teacher asks you to do. A. which B. what C. that D. where6. _ his dream of going to college will come true is uncertain. A. That B. Whether C. If D. Even if 表語從句在復合句中

20、作表語的名詞性從句，放在系動表語從句在復合句中作表語的名詞性從句，放在系動詞之后，一般結構是詞之后，一般結構是“主語連系動詞表語從句主語連系動詞表語從句”?？伞？梢越颖碚Z從句的連系動詞有以接表語從句的連系動詞有be, look, remain, seem等。另等。另外，常用的還有外，常用的還有the reason is that 和和It is because 等結構。等結構。例如：例如：1) The question is _ we can make good preparation in such a short time.2) This is _ we cant get the supp

21、ort of the people.3) But the fact remains _ we are behind the other classes.4) The reason _ he is late for school is _ he missed the early bus. whether/howwhythatwhythatthatwhether疑問詞as if /as thoughbecausee.g.The trouble is that I have lost my key.The question is whether we can do it. Thats because

22、 we were in need of money at that time .He looked as if he was going to cry .Thats why I was late .w虛擬語氣在表語從句中的應用：虛擬語氣在表語從句中的應用：w如果句子的主語是如果句子的主語是suggestion,advice.order,demand, require, proposal, 等名詞時等名詞時,后面引導的表語從句用后面引導的表語從句用should+動詞原形動詞原形,should可省略可省略.e.g. 他的建議是我們應該馬上完成工作他的建議是我們應該馬上完成工作. 1.The rea

23、son _ we didnt trust him is _ he has often lied如果主語為如果主語為reason,whythat表語從句連詞只能用表語從句連詞只能用thatHis suggestion is that we (should) finish the work at once.此規(guī)則同樣適用于同位語從句1.This is _ she was born. A. where B. which C. that D. what2.The question is _ we cant go there today.A. that B. what C. which D. when3

24、.The reason he has made such great progress is _ he has never wasted his time.A. because B. why C. that D. what4.My advice is that he _ school by bike. A. go to B. would go to C. goes to D. went to5._ she couldnt understand was _fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.A.What; why B.

25、That; what C. What; because D. Why; that1. 同位語從句的功能同位語從句的功能 同位語從句對于名詞進一步解釋，說明名詞的具體內容，同位語從句對于名詞進一步解釋，說明名詞的具體內容，修飾名詞修飾名詞fact, idea, news, order，suggestion,等的同位語從句由等的同位語從句由that 引導，不用引導，不用which, that 不可省。不可省。that疑問詞疑問詞whether1.The suggestion that he _ at the meeting was agreed to by most people.A.should

26、 put forward B. put forwardC.should look forward D.looked forward2.The suggestion that we _ to picnic on Sunday was agreed to by most people.A went B.would go C.go D.were allowed to goBC4.虛擬語氣在同位語從句中的應用：虛擬語氣在同位語從句中的應用：名詞名詞demand, suggestion, proposal, advice 等詞后的同位語從句的等詞后的同位語從句的語氣要用虛擬語氣語氣要用虛擬語氣,結構為結

27、構為 should + do, should 可省略可省略 5. 同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別(1) 定語從句中的定語從句中的that既代替先行詞，同時在從句中既代替先行詞，同時在從句中作某作某個成分（主語或賓語）個成分（主語或賓語），而同位語從句中的，而同位語從句中的that是連詞，是連詞，只起連接主句與從句的作用，只起連接主句與從句的作用，不充當句中任何成分。不充當句中任何成分。(2) 定語從句是形容詞性的，其功能是修飾先行詞，對先定語從句是形容詞性的，其功能是修飾先行詞，對先行詞加以限定，行詞加以限定，描述它的性質或特征描述它的性質或特征；同位語從句是名詞；同位語

28、從句是名詞性的，其功能是性的，其功能是對名詞進行具體內容的補充說明對名詞進行具體內容的補充說明。例如：。例如：1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.（他告訴我的消息是湯姆明年將出國。）（他告訴我的消息是湯姆明年將出國。）（第一（第一個個that引導的從句是定語從句，引導的從句是定語從句，that在從句中作賓語）在從句中作賓語）2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.（湯（湯姆將出國的消息是他講的。）姆將出國的消息是他講的。）（同位語從句，（

29、同位語從句，that在句中不作在句中不作任何成分）任何成分）同位語：修飾名詞的內容定語從句：對前面的名詞進行修飾，限定。The news that our team had won came.同位語從句The news that/which he heard was true.定語從句同位語從句定語從句that（連詞）連詞）只起連接的作用,不充當句子成分that(關系代詞關系代詞) 充當一定的句子成分(主，賓，表）同位語從句與前面的名詞是同位關系，表示這個名詞的內容定語從句對先行詞起修飾作用，表示“的”。同位語從句的that 一般不能省而定語從句中的關系代詞that，當其在從句中做賓語時，常常

30、可以省略that在同位語從句與定語從句的（I）試比較下面兩個例句）試比較下面兩個例句: 1.The suggestion that he raised at the meeting is very good.2.The suggestion that the students should have plenty of exercise is very good.（that引導定語從句引導定語從句, 作賓語作賓語, 可以省略）可以省略） （that引導同位語從句引導同位語從句,在從句中不擔在從句中不擔當任何成分，但不可以省略）當任何成分，但不可以省略） 辨別下列從句是定語從句還是同位語從句辨別

31、下列從句是定語從句還是同位語從句1.We heard the news that our team had won.2.We must face the fact that we had spent all our money.3. The news that he told me yesterday was false.4. I have no doubt that he will come soon. 同位語從句同位語從句同位語從句同位語從句定語從句定語從句同位語從同位語從句句 高考再現高考再現1. (NMET 1995) is a fact that English is being a

32、ccepted as an international language.A. There B. This C. That D. It2.(NMET 1996) we cant get seems better than we have.A. What,what B. What,that C. That,thatD. That,what3.(NMET 2001春春)I read about it in some book or other, does it matter it was?A.where B.what C.how D.which4.(NMET 1997)Its generally

33、considered unwise to give a child he or she wants.A. however B.whatever C. whichever D.wherever5.(NMET 1999) I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. -Is that you had a few days off?A.why B.when C.what D.whereDADBA6.(上海上海2002) Theres a feeling in me well never know what a UFO is-not ever.A.that

34、 B.which C. of which D.whatA1.It is important that _ our education in all available ways. A. we must develop B. we shall develop C. we would develop D. we should develop2.It is necessary that _ by the end of the week. A. we got everything ready B. we have got everything ready C. We get everything re

35、ady D. we must get everything ready 3.It was natural that _. A. my pictures would surprise them B. my pictures surprised them C. my pictures should surprise them D. my pictures would have surprised them4.I wonder _. A. whether or not Ill catch the last bus B. if or not Ill catch the last bus C. that

36、 Ill catch the last bus or not D. that Ill catch the last bus5.We all thought _ a pity that we had missed the lesson. A. so B. such C. it D. that6.I took _ for granted （想當然）（想當然）that they were not coming. A. that B. this C. it D. so7.I heard _ said that he had great concern（關心）（關心） for his classmate

37、s. A. and B. that C. was D. it8.I wish I _ to the football match last night. A. went B. go C. should go D. had gone1.We all know the truth _ the earth goes round the sun. A. that B. which C. what D. whether2.We heard the news _ our team had won. A. which B. that C. what D. where3.The problem _ it is

38、 right or wrong has not yet been decided. A. which B. that C. whether D. if4.Theres a feeling in me_well never know what a UFO is-not ever.A.that B.which C. of which D.what5.It remains a question _ we can get so much money in such a short time. A.how B. that C. when D. what綜合運用：綜合運用：The earth is round, _ is known to everybody.as/which2. _ is known to everybody, the earth is round.As3. _ the earth is round is known to everybody.That4. _ is known to everybody that the earth is round.It5. Everybody knows _ the earth is round.that6. _ surprised us very much that our teacher left without