1、動(dòng)詞1) 農(nóng)示動(dòng)作中狀態(tài)的詞叫做動(dòng)詞。2) 根據(jù)其在句中的功能，動(dòng)詞可分為四類(lèi)，分別是：實(shí)義動(dòng)詞(Notional Verb)、系動(dòng)詞 (Link Verb) % 助動(dòng)詞(Auxiliary Verb) 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(Modal Verb) o說(shuō)明：有些情況下，有些動(dòng)詞是兼類(lèi)詞，例如：We are having a meeting.我們正在開(kāi)會(huì)。(having是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞。)He has gone to New York.他已去紐約。(has是助動(dòng)詞。)3) 動(dòng)詞根據(jù)其后是否帶有賓語(yǔ)，可分為兩類(lèi)，分別是：及物動(dòng)詞(Transitive Verb).不及物 動(dòng)詞(Intransitive Verb)&

2、#187;縮寫(xiě)形式分別為vt.和vi。*英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是句/的核心。它既決定著句J'意思的衣達(dá)同時(shí)又決定著句/的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)。難怪有 人說(shuō)，英語(yǔ)是動(dòng)詞和介詞的語(yǔ)言?？梢?jiàn)研究動(dòng)詞的用法在英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中是十分重要的。(、)分淸及物不及物：分淸動(dòng)詞的及物不及物是在英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中必須解決的首要問(wèn)題。動(dòng)詞及物 與不及物通常有以下幾種情況：a.主要用作及物動(dòng)詞。及物動(dòng)詞后面必須跟賓語(yǔ)?？梢杂糜冢?"主+謂+賓"："主+謂+雙賓"；"主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ)"結(jié)構(gòu)。如：He reached Paris the day before yesterday.Please

3、hand me the book over thereThey asked me to go fishing with them類(lèi)似的還有：buy, catch, invent, found, like, observe, offer, prevent, promise, raise, find, forget, receive, regard, see, say, seat, supply, select, suppose, show, make, take, tellb. 主要用作不及物的動(dòng)詞。不及物動(dòng)詞后面不跟賓語(yǔ)。只能用與："主+謂"結(jié)構(gòu)。This is the r

4、oom where I once lived類(lèi)似的還有：agree, go, work, listen, look, come, die, belong, fall, exist, rise, arrive, sit, sail, hurry, fail, succeedc. 既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的動(dòng)詞，其意義不變。如begin都是作"開(kāi)始"講。everybody , our game begins let us begin our game 類(lèi)f以的還有：start, answer, sing, close, consider, insist, read, le

5、arn, prepare, pay, hurt, improved. 既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的動(dòng)詞，其意義完全不同。這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞作不及物動(dòng)詞是-個(gè) 意義：而作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)卻是另個(gè)意義。如lift作不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)是指煙霧的"消散"。we saw the mountain when the clouds lifted.作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)是"升高：舉起"。He lifted his glass and drank類(lèi)似的還有：beat vi跳動(dòng) vt敲、打；grow vi.生長(zhǎng)vt種植play vi.玩耍vt.打（牌、球），演奏smell vi.發(fā)出（氣味）vt嗅ri

6、ng vi.（電話、鈴）響vt打電話speak vi.講話vt說(shuō)（語(yǔ)言）hang vi.懸掛vt.絞死operate vi.動(dòng)手術(shù)vt.操作（二、）辨別農(nóng)動(dòng)作與農(nóng)結(jié)果的動(dòng)詞農(nóng)動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的發(fā)生，不涉及該動(dòng)詞的結(jié)果。如：He looked at the picture. He saw a picture前句中的動(dòng)詞強(qiáng)調(diào)"看這動(dòng)作：而后句 中的動(dòng)詞衣示"看到這結(jié)果。類(lèi)似的還有：tear at; tear, look for; find, try to do sth;manage to do sth,prepare for; be prepared for, advise;

7、 persuade 等。（三、）記住瞬間動(dòng)詞英語(yǔ)中不少動(dòng)詞所衣示的動(dòng)作在瞬間就可以完成.如：He arrived in paris yesterday而另些動(dòng)詞所衣示的動(dòng)作則可以延續(xù).女II： They worked until 12 o'clock last night.特別是在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的句/中，瞬間動(dòng)詞的完成時(shí)態(tài)不能跟衣 示段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連 用。瞬間動(dòng)詞有：arrive, borrow, buy, close, fall, finish, go, join, kill, hit, leave, lend, die, marry, open, reach, return, st

8、art, stop, recognize 等。（四、）掌握好衣?tīng)顟B(tài)的連系動(dòng)詞與衣變化的連系動(dòng)詞英語(yǔ)中的連系動(dòng)詞主要分為兩人類(lèi)：a. 衣?tīng)顟B(tài)的連系動(dòng)詞°如：he is a good worker除了 be而外，還有：stand （位于），lie （位于）,stay, have, consist of, belong to, exist, weigh, own 等。b. 另類(lèi)連系動(dòng)詞農(nóng)示動(dòng)作或變化，是由行為動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化而來(lái)的。般在這些連系動(dòng)詞后跟形容 詞作衣語(yǔ)如：his hair grows grey.這類(lèi)連系動(dòng)詞還有：turn, become, taste, smell, sound, l

9、ook, feel, get等。五、）注盤(pán)詞義相近，用法不同的動(dòng)詞a.衣主觀與客觀的動(dòng)詞 I received his invitation last night, but i didn't want to accept it.該句中，動(dòng)詞receive, accept都農(nóng)示"接受但前者衣示客觀地接收到什么東西：后者農(nóng)示 "I"的主觀總愿=類(lèi)似用法的動(dòng)詞還有：listen to; hear, look at; see, must; have to 等。b.農(nóng)亡接與間接的動(dòng)詞He heard that the scientist would come to

10、our schoolHe heard of the news that the scientist would come to our school 前句中 hear 的農(nóng)示直 接聽(tīng)說(shuō)的，而后句中hear of的衣示間接聽(tīng)說(shuō)的。類(lèi)似用法的動(dòng)詞 還有：know; know of, speak; speak of, talk; talk of 等。（六、）重視多字動(dòng)詞的用法所謂多字動(dòng)詞是指動(dòng)詞與某些副詞、介詞構(gòu)成的動(dòng)詞詞組。般 有四種形式：a."動(dòng)詞+介詞"結(jié)構(gòu)。該結(jié)構(gòu)中的動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞，當(dāng)和些介詞搭配后，則 把它看成一個(gè)整體，即把它看成個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞。如：We never th

11、ought of such success when we first started類(lèi)似用法的還有：agree to, ask for, attention to, break into, call upon, deal with, laugh at, dream of, listen to, look at, operate on, talk about, rely on, refer to.b. "動(dòng)詞+副詞"結(jié)構(gòu)。該結(jié)構(gòu)中的動(dòng)詞是及物動(dòng)詞的，該結(jié)構(gòu)及物：是不及物的，則不及物。 如：We put off the sports meetAfter he grew up,

12、 he went to london to work for a company.類(lèi)似用法的還有：bring about, bring up, call up, carry out, find out, give up, hand in, help out, look up, make out, pass on, point out, put away, put down, put away, put down, put off, put on, ring up, set up, take up, think over, turn down, use up, work out,wake up,

13、 shut up, come about, break out, carry on, come up, fall over, get away, get back, look out, go up, go out, stay up在這類(lèi)結(jié)構(gòu)中，必須注意有的多字動(dòng)詞即及物又可不及物。有的甚至漢語(yǔ)意義也完全不相同。如：He looked up and saw his teacher in front of him. （vi扌臺(tái)起頭看）He looked up the word in the dictionary, （vt.査找）類(lèi)似的有 break down vi.（車(chē)等） 壞了 Vt.分解，分為

14、；go over vi.走過(guò)去vt.復(fù)習(xí)，仔細(xì)査看等。c. "動(dòng)詞+副詞+介詞"結(jié)構(gòu)。如：We should do away with that sort of thing類(lèi)似的有：give in to, catch up with, look down upon, make up for, put up withd. "動(dòng)詞+名詞+介詞"結(jié)構(gòu)。該結(jié)構(gòu)是最多，最常見(jiàn)的多字動(dòng)詞。如:We will take care of them類(lèi)似的有：catch sight of, keep an eye on, make use of, make a fool o

15、f, make fun of, make room for, make sure of, knock out of, have a word with, pay attention to, put an end to, set fire to, take advantage of, take hold of, take note of, take notice of, take part in, take pride in, take possession of, play a trick on, play a part in *說(shuō)明：同動(dòng)詞有時(shí)可用作及物動(dòng)詞，有時(shí)可用作不及物動(dòng)詞。例如:Sh

16、e can dance and sing她能唱?dú)W又能跳舞。(sing在此用作不及物動(dòng)詞。)She can sing many English songs她能唱好多首英文眈曲。(sing用作及物動(dòng)詞。)4) 根據(jù)是否受主語(yǔ)的人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的限制，可分兩類(lèi)，分別是：限定動(dòng)詞(Finite Verb).非限 定動(dòng)詞(Non-finite Verb)例如：She sings very wel 1她唱得很好。(sing受主語(yǔ)she的限制，故用第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式sings。)She wants to learn English wel 1她想學(xué)好英語(yǔ)。(to learn不受主語(yǔ)she的限制，沒(méi)有詞形變化，是非限定

17、動(dòng)詞。說(shuō)明：英語(yǔ)中共有三種非限定動(dòng)詞,分別是：動(dòng)詞不定式(Infinitive).動(dòng)名詞(Gerund)、分 詞(Participle)。5) 根據(jù)動(dòng)詞的組成形式，可分為三類(lèi)，分別是：?jiǎn)巫衷~(One-Word Verb).短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(Phrasal Verb) 動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)(Verbal Phrase)例如:The English language contains many phrasal verbs and verbal phrases 英語(yǔ)里有許多 短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。(contains是單字動(dòng)詞。)Students should learn to look up new words in d

18、ictionaries.學(xué)生們學(xué)會(huì)查字典。 (look up是短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。)The young ought to take care of the old年輕人應(yīng)照料老人。(take care of是動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。)6) 動(dòng)詞有五種形態(tài)，分別是：原形(Original Form) x第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式(Singular From in Third Personal) > 過(guò)去式(Past Form) x 過(guò)去分詞(Past Participle)、現(xiàn)在分詞(Present Participle) 7) 及物動(dòng)詞不需要介詞在英語(yǔ)錯(cuò)謀中，"及物動(dòng)詞+介詞+賓語(yǔ)(transitive ver

19、b+preposition+object) >是常 見(jiàn)的 種。所謂及物動(dòng)詞，就是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(predicative verb),不必通過(guò)介詞引薦賓語(yǔ)。和反的，不及 物動(dòng)詞(intransitive verb)是不帶賓語(yǔ)的。有許多動(dòng)詞，雖然性質(zhì)是及物的，但不-定要有賓 語(yǔ)，如下列的a和a便是這種情形：a We study every day.b Do you study English every day. 3. Please write clearly next time.b. Can you write your composition now?如果本質(zhì)上就是不及物動(dòng)詞,就不會(huì)有賓語(yǔ)：若

20、 妥賓語(yǔ)，就要借介詞之助，起連用才行，如b和b;a和a是錯(cuò)的；* a The children are listening the musicb The children are listening to the music* a She is laughing the crippled manb. She is laughing at the crippled man.反之，及物動(dòng)詞不必靠介詞,就可以帶賓語(yǔ)， 如上述的b和b ,又如和： John is giving a book to me. Who will answer this question?如果無(wú)總中把介詞加上,就錯(cuò)T，如：*W

21、ho will answer to this question?下列這句從房地產(chǎn)廣行中看到的句子,也犯了 同樣的錯(cuò)：Z/We have many buyers awaiting for available units here“"Awaiting"是個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞，后面的介詞"for"是多余的，耍去掉：不然把"awaiting"改 為"waiting for"也行°許多人習(xí)慣上喜歡把介詞加到及物動(dòng)詞后而，然后才帶出賓語(yǔ)。最常見(jiàn)的是''emphasize/stress on/upon"

22、和"discuss about", 如： Singaporeans seem to have emphasized on material gains In our education system, we stress upon examination results World leaders spent a lot of time discussing about worsening economic problems顯然的，這三句里的介詞"on/upon"和"about"是筍余的，不必要的。下而是些類(lèi)似的錯(cuò)誤: The you

23、ng must obey to their elders Do not approach to that odd-looking man. The audience attacked on the rude speaker Nothing can escape from his parents' eyes Do you hope to serve for your nation? When did Susan marry with Paul?1）及物動(dòng)詞后面必須跟賓語(yǔ)意義才完整的實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，叫做及物動(dòng)詞（transitive verb）。如：I believe that the comm

24、ittee w川 consider our suggestion.我相信委員會(huì)將會(huì)考 慮我們的建議?！癏ow long can I keep the book ?"Harry asked.哈里問(wèn)："這本書(shū)我可以借多久?" Dr. Bethune set us a good example. 口求恩大夫給我們樹(shù)立了好榜樣。Crude oil contains many useful substances原油含有許多有用的物質(zhì)。2）不及物動(dòng)詞本身意義完整后面不須跟賓語(yǔ)的實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，叫做不及物動(dòng)詞（intransitive verb）。如1：Birds fly.鳥(niǎo)會(huì)飛。I

25、t happened in June 1932.這件事發(fā)生于一九三;年六月。My watch stopped.我的表停了。She spoke at the meeting yesterday evening.她在昨天晚上的會(huì)上發(fā)了言。3）兼作及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞英語(yǔ)里有不少實(shí)義動(dòng)詞可以兼作及物動(dòng)詞和不及 物動(dòng)詞。這樣的動(dòng)詞乂有兩種不同的情況：a）兼作及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)， 意義不變。試比較：Shall I begin at once?我可以立刻開(kāi)始嗎？ （begin作不及物動(dòng)詞）She began working as a librarian after she left school.她畢

26、業(yè)后'"i 圖書(shū)館管理員。（began作及物動(dòng)詞）When did they leave Chicago?他們是什么時(shí)候離開(kāi)芝加哥的？（leave作及物 動(dòng)詞）They left last week.他們是上周離開(kāi)的。（left作不及物動(dòng)詞）b）兼作及物動(dòng)詞 和不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，有時(shí)意義不盡相同。如：Wash your hands before meals.飯前要洗手。Does this cloth wash well?這布經(jīng)得起洗嗎？4）與漢語(yǔ)的比較有時(shí)英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的及物和不及物的用法，與漢語(yǔ)的用法不一樣， 請(qǐng)注意下列兩種情況：a）有的動(dòng)詞在英語(yǔ)里只能用作不及物動(dòng)詞，而漢語(yǔ)則可用作

27、及物動(dòng)詞，如 arrive到達(dá)，agree同意，1isten聽(tīng)。英語(yǔ)里這些動(dòng)詞后面常接介詞。如：We arrived at the railway station at noon.我們于中午到達(dá)火車(chē)站。（at不能省 去）（比較： We reached the railway station at noon.）Everybody listened to the lecture with great interest.每個(gè)人都很有興趣地聽(tīng)講 課。（to 不可省去）（比較：We all heard the lecture.）Do they agree to the plan?他們同意這個(gè)計(jì)劃嗎? （

28、to不可省去）b）有的動(dòng)詞在 英語(yǔ)里能用作及物動(dòng)詞，而在漢語(yǔ)里則不能用作及物動(dòng)詞，如serve為服務(wù)。Our children are taught to serve the people wholeheartedly.我們的兒童被教以 全心全意為人民服務(wù)思路分析及物動(dòng)詞后面可直接接賓語(yǔ)，不及物動(dòng)詞后 面不可直接接賓語(yǔ)，一般要加介詞后再接賓語(yǔ)。實(shí)際上很多動(dòng)詞既是及物動(dòng)詞，乂是不及物動(dòng)詞。我舉一個(gè)例子，就說(shuō)writeo 如I am writing.和I am writing a letter.在前一個(gè)句子write是不及物動(dòng)詞，在后 一個(gè)句子write是及物動(dòng)詞。乂如，see是及物動(dòng)詞，但在特殊

29、情況下如 seeing is believing。解題過(guò)程從是否需要賓語(yǔ)來(lái)分，實(shí)義動(dòng)詞乂有及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞兩類(lèi)。1）及物動(dòng)詞后面必須跟賓語(yǔ)意義才完整的實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，叫做及物動(dòng)詞（transitive verb） o 如：I believe that the committee w川 consider our suggestion.我相信委員會(huì)將會(huì)考 慮我們的建議。*How long can I keep the book ?"Harry asked.哈里問(wèn)："這本書(shū)我可以借多久?" Dr. Bethune set us a good example. 口求恩大夫給

30、我們樹(shù)立了好榜樣。Crude oil contains many useful substances.®油含有許多有用的物質(zhì)。2）不及物動(dòng)詞本身意義完整后面不須跟賓語(yǔ)的實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，叫做不及物動(dòng)詞（intransitive verb）。如：Birds fly.鳥(niǎo)會(huì)飛。It happened in June 1932.這件事發(fā)生于一九三;年六月。My watch stopped.我的表停了。She spoke at the meeting yesterday evening.她在昨天晚上的會(huì)上發(fā)了言。3）兼作及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞英語(yǔ)里有不少實(shí)義動(dòng)詞可以兼作及物動(dòng)詞和不及 物動(dòng)詞。這樣的動(dòng)詞

31、乂有兩種不同的情況：a）兼作及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)， 意義不變。試比較：Shall I begin at once?我可以立刻開(kāi)始嗎？ （begin作不及物動(dòng)詞）She began working as a librarian after she left school.她畢業(yè)后'"i 圖書(shū)館管理員。（began作及物動(dòng)詞）When did they leave Chicago?他們是什么時(shí)候離開(kāi)芝加哥的？（leave作及物 動(dòng)詞）They left last week.他們是上周離開(kāi)的。（left作不及物動(dòng)詞）b）兼作及物動(dòng)詞 和不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，有時(shí)意義不盡相同。如：Wash

32、 your hands before meals.飯 前要洗手。Does this cloth wash well?這布經(jīng)得起洗嗎？4）與漢語(yǔ)的比較有時(shí)英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的及物和不及物的用法，與漢語(yǔ)的用法不一樣， 請(qǐng)注意下列兩種情況：a）有的動(dòng)詞在英語(yǔ)里只能用作不及物動(dòng)詞，而漢語(yǔ)則可 用作及物動(dòng)詞，如arrive到達(dá)，agree同意，listen聽(tīng)。英語(yǔ)里這些動(dòng)詞后面常 接介詞。如： We arrived at the railway station at noon.我們于中午到達(dá)火車(chē) 站。（at 不能省 去）（比較：We reached the railway station at noon.） Ev

33、erybody listened to the lecture with great interest.每個(gè)人都很有興趣地聽(tīng)講 課。（to 不可省去）（比較：We all heard the lecture.）Do they agree to the plan?他們同意這個(gè)計(jì)劃嗎? （to不可省去）b）有的動(dòng)詞在 英語(yǔ)里能用作及物動(dòng)詞，而在漢語(yǔ)里則不能用作及物動(dòng)詞，如serve為服務(wù)7| 評(píng)論2010-08-21 15:23cyb654二級(jí)首先你要知道一般的句子都由主，謂,賓組成,表 達(dá)“誰(shuí)做了什么”。主語(yǔ)就是這個(gè)句子描寫(xiě)的對(duì)象，就是“誰(shuí)”。（主語(yǔ)發(fā)出動(dòng)作）（名詞n.或代詞pron.）謂語(yǔ)就是表達(dá)這個(gè)主語(yǔ)怎么了，干什 么了，就是“做”。（謂語(yǔ)就是這個(gè)動(dòng)作）（動(dòng)詞v.）賓語(yǔ)就是這個(gè)句子的主語(yǔ)做了什么的對(duì)象， 是“對(duì)”“什么”做。（賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者）（也是名詞或代詞）有些句子缺賓語(yǔ)，因?yàn)榫渥永镒鲋^ 語(yǔ)的那個(gè)動(dòng)詞是“不及物動(dòng)詞”。動(dòng)詞分“及物”和“不及物”，“及”你就理解成“涉及， 有關(guān)聯(lián)”，“物”你就理解成“事物或人”。這樣“及物的動(dòng)詞”就是“涉及