1、英語時態(tài)8種根本時態(tài)講解一. 概念：英語中表示不同時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài),需用不同 的動詞形式表示,這種不同的動詞形式稱為時態(tài).二. 種類：根本時態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時一般過去時現(xiàn)在進行時過去進行時一般將來時過去將來時現(xiàn)在完成時過去完成時三. 用法：1 . 一般現(xiàn)在時：1一般現(xiàn)在時表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生或習慣性的動作或狀態(tài)與客觀現(xiàn)實和普遍真理.一般現(xiàn)在時常以動詞原形表示,但當主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時,動詞詞尾力口-s或-es.2 句型結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+V .包括be動詞+賓語+She is an engineer.He has breakfast at 6:00every day.3注意：a一般現(xiàn)在時通常與always

2、 , often , usually , every daysometimes , once a week等時間狀語連用.I always watch TV at 8:00 in the evening .They go home once a week .We usually do our homework at home .b表客觀現(xiàn)實或普遍真理.The sun always rises in the east .The light travels faster than the sound .c表永遠性的動作或狀態(tài).He lives in the country .4第三人稱單數(shù)變化形式

3、.a一般情況動詞在詞尾加-s .e-esspeak-speakswork-workslive-livesb以o, s, x, ch, sh 結(jié)尾的單詞在詞后加-es.do-doesgo-goesfinish-finishesbrush-brushesfix-fixespass-passeswatch-watchesc以“輔音字母+ y結(jié)尾的單詞變y為i加-es.Study-studies carry-carriescry-criesd以“元音字母+ y結(jié)尾的單詞直接加-s.play-playsstay-stays例句：我們每天晚上九點做作業(yè).我在早上七點半起床.他每天七點去上班.我們經(jīng)常下午打

4、籃球.他喜歡音樂地球圍繞太陽轉(zhuǎn).火車六點出發(fā).5)否認句和疑問句.a) He is an engineer.He isn ' t an engineer.Is he an engineer?Yes, he is ./ No, he isn ' t.b) -We get up at 7:30 in the morning .We don ' t get up at 7:30 in the morning .Do you get up at 7:30 in the morning ?Yes, we do. / No, we don ' t.c) He likes m

5、usic.He doesn ' t like music.Does he like music?Yes ,he does./ No, he doesn ' t .2. 一般過去時1) 一般過去時表示發(fā)生在過去的動作或存在的狀態(tài),通常與表示過去的時間狀語 yesterday, last night ,some years ago, in 1990,in those days.等連用.I was a student 6years ago.I went to Beijing last year.They saw a film last night .2) 句型結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+V .過去時

6、+賓語+例句：昨天他很忙.去年他抽煙了.兩年前他去參軍了.他在1990年去世了.3) 否認句和疑問句.a) He was busy yesterday.He wasn ' t busy.Was he busy?Yes, he was./ No, he wasn ' t.b) He smoked last year.He didn ' t smoke last year.Did he smoke last year?Yes ,he did ./No ,he didn ' t.c) -He joined the army in 1990.He didn '

7、t joined the army in 1990.Did he join the army in 1990?Yes ,he did ./No ,he didn ' t.4) 動詞過去式變化規(guī)那么.a) 一般情況下的詞加-ed.knockknowork-workedcallcalledlaughlaughedExplainexplained finishfinishedckedb以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的單詞直接加-d .livelivedchange-changedsmoke-smokeddiediedgraduate-graduateddrive-drovec以“輔音字母+ y結(jié)尾的單

8、詞,變y為i加-ed.studystudied carrycarried crycriedtrytried marrymarriedd以“元音字母+ y結(jié)尾的單詞直接加-ed.playplayed staystayede以“一個元音字母+ 一個輔音字母結(jié)尾的單詞應先雙寫這個輔音字母然后再加-ed.stopstopped planplanned patpattedf動詞不規(guī)那么變化：dodid gowent ecame runran writewrotebeginbegan drinkdrank keepkept leaveleft sleepsleptmakemade lielay digdu

9、g eatateknowknewcutcut setset letlet readread hurthurt例句：我前天拿走了這本書.去年我買了一輛白行車.每天晚上我聽音樂.她通常待在家里.兩天前我完成了這項工作.復習：1) I (be) a teacher 2 years ago.2) He (be) a student now.3) He (do) his homework at home every day.4) They (join) the Party in 1998.5) We (not eat) apples yesterday.6) We(not play) basketbal

10、l every day.7) He(not go ) home once a week.8) I am 16 years old.(劃線局部提問)9) I go to work at 8:00 every morning.( 劃線局部提問)10) They joined the Party in 1990.( 劃線局部提問)11) I went to Beijing last year.(劃線局部提問)3. 一般將來時1) 表示將來發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài),常與表將來的時間狀語tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next Sunday, soon, in afew

11、 days 等連用.2) 句型結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+ will/shall + V.原形+(第一人稱用shall )I shall go to Shanghai tomorrow.They will have a meeting next week.-She will be 20 years old.-Will she be 20 years old?-Yes, she will./ No, she won' t .3) 主語 + will/shall + V.原形 + be(am, is, are)going toThey will have a meeting next Sunday.(wi

12、ll=are going to )-What will they do next Sunday ?-When will they have a meeting?4) be about to + V.原形I am about to leave school.不能與表示時間的副詞連用.They are about to set out.( V)They are about to set out soon.( x )復習題：1. He(do) his homework at school every day.2. They(finish) their work yesterday.3. We(vis

13、it) their farm next year.4. 我半小時后要吃午飯.5. 他將騎白行車去學校6. 他們下周日將去買汽車.4. 過去將來時1) 過去將來時是立足于過去某時,從過去的觀點看將要發(fā)生的動作 或狀態(tài).主要用于賓語從句中.2) 根本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語 +would/should was/were going to +V. 原形+ .He said that he would have a meeting next week.(He says that he will nave a meeting next week.)They said we should leave school to

14、morrow.(They say we shall leave school tomorrow.)5. 現(xiàn)在進行時1) 現(xiàn)在進行時表示現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)在這段時間正在進行的動作.通常與now,at present等時間狀語連用.2) 根本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語 +be(am, is, are)+ v-ing +You are listening to me carefully now.She is writing a letter this year.Look! They are dancing.We are studying English at present .It ' s raining hard

15、now.3) 動詞現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成 一般動詞直接在詞后加-ingdodoing read - readingwork working thinkthinkingstudy - studying go - goingwatch - watching jump - jumping 以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的動詞,應先去掉e然后加-inglike - liking take - takingleave - leaving live - livingreceive - receiving dance - dancinge - ing smoke - smokingwrite - writing 以“一個元音

16、字母+ 一個輔音字母結(jié)尾的動詞,應先雙寫這 個輔音字母然后再加-ingstop - stopping begin - beginningdig - digging swim - swimmingrun running sit sitting(注意：listen listening open opening eat eatingrain - raining sleep - sleeping)4)6 .過去進行時1)表示過去某一時刻或某階段時間正在進行的動作,通常與at6:00 yesterday, at this/ that time yesterday, when弓 I 導的時間狀語等連用2)

17、 根本結(jié)構(gòu) 主語 +be (was/were) +v- ing +1. It was raining at 7:00 the day before yesterday.2. They were building a reservoir at this time last winter.3. We were reading when the teacher came in.We weren ' t reading Were you reading What were you doing when the teacher came in.3) 例句1.前天那個時候Tom正在看電影.2. 上周日四點我們正在游泳.3. 師看見我們時我們正在玩撲克.4. I(do) my homework yesterday.5. He(do) his homework at 5:00 yesterday.6. He(do) his homework now.7. 現(xiàn)在完成時1) 1.表示過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響2.表示過去某時間已經(jīng)開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)通常與以下時間狀語連用up to now, in the past, recently,by ,for 5 years, since 1994, so far, already, yet, ever