1、福州長樂國際機場蠅類種群分布及季節(jié)消長調(diào)查林 峰 福建出入境檢驗檢疫局福州機場辦事處張述鏗 福建出入境檢驗檢疫局保健中心徐保海 福建省疾病預防控制中心關鍵詞： 蠅類 籠誘捕法 種群分布 季節(jié)消長 密度A Survey of the Distribution and Density Growth and Decline of Musca Species in Fuzhou Changle International AirportLin Feng Zhang ShuKeng Xu BaoHai(The Airport Branch of Fujian Entry-Exit Inspection

2、and Quarantine Bureau 350209)Abstract Objective To investigate the species distribution and the growth and decline of all kinds of adult fly density in seasons so that to understand their background data in Fuzhou Changle International Airport. Method Applying fly cage to catch flies, investigating

3、the number and kinds of them once in ten days for one year(2005.72006.6) and observating an average catching fly (number/cage/day). Results It shows that the adult flies 20342 found belonged to 5 families 44 genera, 81 species. Among them,the ratio: Chrysomya megacephala 48.20%,the highest, a majori

4、ty kind; Musca domestica vicina17.90%,the second; Atherigona orientalis and Musca sorbens got the ratio of 17.43% and 4.47% respectively. The higher density index of musca species began from May, decline down from October. Average year density index of adult fly was 23.54 flies/cage/day, the highest

5、 107.82 flies/cage/day in September, the zero flies/cage/day in January and February. Conclusion This investigation conclusion shows that the average year density index 23.54 compared with the density index 94.08 of 1997had decline remarked. The fly density index continues declining down over the pa

6、st years. Its main reasons in the changing and improving of the instruction in the respective prevention measures. This survey has laid a solid foundation for the control of flies in airport correctly in the future.Key WORDS: Musca, cage-catch, component distribution, density index, seasonal growth

7、and decline.蠅類是腸道傳染病的重要傳播媒介，其密度指數(shù)和季節(jié)消長情況與腸道傳染病的傳播和流行有著密切關系。為了解福州長樂國際機場口岸蠅類的本底調(diào)查情況，以期對蠅類的防制及控制口岸腸道傳染病傳播提供生態(tài)依據(jù)，自2005年7月2006年6月對口岸的蠅類進行了本底調(diào)查?，F(xiàn)將調(diào)查結果報告如下：1.自然生境概況福州長樂國際機場位于東經(jīng) 119039 ，北緯25056 地處福州市南部，距離福州市區(qū)約50公里，濱臨海岸。常年平均氣溫 18.30C。年平均相對濕度79%。氣候溫和，雨量充沛。2調(diào)查方法21選擇調(diào)查點：根據(jù)機場的不同生境，選擇候機樓、貨運站、食品加工廠、職工生活區(qū)、酒店、修理廠、大鶴

8、村、碼頭、市場9個調(diào)查點。22調(diào)查方法：采用捕蠅籠誘捕法，以臭魚蝦、水果、剩飯等為誘餌。每旬調(diào)查一次。上午9：00布籠，次日上午9：00收回。為盡可能真實反映本地區(qū)蠅種分布狀況，在籠捕的基礎上；在每旬、每個生境均補充網(wǎng)捕采集。標本采回后，采用冰凍處死，然后進行插針整形，做好標簽并進行分類鑒定和登記。3調(diào)查結果31 種群分布 共捕獲蠅類20342只，經(jīng)分類鑒定為5科44屬81種。其名錄如下：蠅科 MUSCIDAE家蠅屬MMusca LinnaeusMMMMMMMMMMMM家蠅 Musca domestica Linnaeus, 1758市蠅 Musca sorbens Wiedemann,183

9、0逐畜家蠅 Musca conducens Walker,1860帶紋家蠅Musca confiscata Speiser,1924突額家蠅Musca convexifrons Thomson,1869肥喙家蠅Musca crassirostris Stein,1903腐蠅屬Muscina Robineau-Desvoidy,1830廄腐蠅Muscina stabulans (Fallen,1823)綜蠅屬Synthesiomyia Brauer et Bergenstamm,1893裸芒綜蠅Synthesiomyia nudiseta (Van der Wulp,1883)齒股蠅屬 Hydr

10、otaea Robineau-Desvoidy,1830斑跖齒股蠅Ophyra chalcogaster Wiedemann,1824優(yōu)毛蠅屬 Eudasyphora Townsend,1911半透優(yōu)毛蠅 Endasyphora Semilutea Malloch，1923蟄蠅屬Stomoxys Geoffroy廄蟄蠅Stomoxys calcitrans Linnaeus南蟄蠅Stomoxys sitiens Pondani翠蠅屬Neomyia Walker印度翠蠅Neomyia indica Robineau-Desvoidy 黑斑翠蠅Neomyia lauta Wiedemann紫翠蠅N

11、eomyia garisa Walker芒蠅屬 Atherigona Rondani,1856鈍突芒蠅Atherigona crassibifurca, Fan et Lin 裸跖芒蠅Atherigona falcate Thomoson東方芒蠅 Atherigona orientalis Schiner,1868 高粱芒蠅Atherigona soccata Rondani, 1871 毛跖芒蠅Atherigona reversura Villeneuve, 1925 妙蠅屬Myospila Rondani雙色妙蠅Myospila bina Wiedemann短盾妙蠅Myospila bre

12、viscutellata Xue扁頭妙蠅Myospila lenticeps Thomson, 1869 紋蠅屬 Graphomya Robineau-Desvoidy,1830 疏斑紋蠅 Graphomya paucimaculata Ouchi,1938 池蠅屬 Limnophora Robineau-Desvoidy,1830 端鬃池蠅 Limnophora apiciseta Emden,1965 斑板池蠅 Limnophora exigua (Wiedemann,1830) 隱斑池蠅 Limnophora fallax fallax Stein,1920 溜蠅屬 Lispe Latr

13、eille,1796黃跖溜蠅 Lispe kowarzi Becker,1903白點溜蠅 Lispe leucospila (Wiedemann,1830) 東方溜蠅 Lispe orientalis Wiedemann,1830 瘦須溜蠅 Lispe pygmaea Fallen,1825肖溜蠅 Lispe assimilis Wiedemann,1824 穢蠅屬 Coenosia Meigen,1826瘦弱穢蠅 Coenosia attenuata Stein,1902 緣穢蠅屬 Orchisia Rondani,1877黑緣穢蠅 Orchisia costata (Meigen,1826

14、) 尾穢蠅屬 Pygophora Schiner,1868露尾穢蠅Pygophora confusa Stein,1915 凈翅尾穢蠅 Pygophora immaculipennis Frey,1917 裸池蠅屬Brontaea Kowarz,1873升斑裸池蠅 Brontaea ascendens (Stein,1915) 黑灰裸池蠅 Brontaea nigrogrisea Karl,1939 重毫蠅屬 Dichaetomyia Malloch,1921銅腹重毫蠅 Dichaetomyia bibax (Wiedemann,1830) 陽蠅屬 Helina Robineau-Desvoi

15、dy,1830六斑陽蠅 Helina sexmaculata (Preyssler,1791)廁蠅科FANNIIDAE廁蠅屬 Fannia Robineau-Desvoidy,1830元廁蠅 Fannia prisca Stein,1918白紋廁蠅 Fannia leucosticta (Meigen,1826)8麗蠅科CALLIPHORIDAE綠蠅屬 Lucilia Robineau-Desvoidy,1830銅綠蠅 Lucilia cuprina Wiedemann,1830紫綠蠅 Lucilia porphyrina (Walker,1857)絲光綠蠅Lucilia sericata M

16、eigen,1826海南綠蠅 Lucilia hainanensis Fan 1965帶綠蠅屬 Hemipyrellia Townsend,1918瘦葉帶綠蠅 Hemipyrellia ligurriens (Wiedemann,1830） 阿麗蠅屬 Aldrichina Townsend,1934巨尾阿麗蠅 Aldrichina grahami (Aldrich,1930) 裸變麗蠅屬 Gymnadichosia Villenenve,1927黃足裸變麗蠅 Gymnadichosia pusilla Villeneuve,1927 盂蠅屬 Bengalia Robineau-Desvoidy

17、,1830盜盂蠅Bengalia latro de Meijere,1910 裸金蠅屬Achoetandrus Bezzi,1927緋顏裸金蠅 Achoetandrus rufifacies Macquart,1843 金蠅屬 Chrysomya Robineau-Desovidy,1830蛆癥金蠅 Chrysomya bezziana Villeneuve,1914 大頭金蠅 Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius,1784) 鼻彩蠅屬 Rhyncomya Robineau-Desvoidy,1830 鬃尾鼻彩蠅 Rhyncomya setipyga Villene

18、uve,1929 鼻蠅屬 Rhinia Robineau-Desvoidy,1830黃褐鼻蠅 Rhinia apicalis (Wiedemann,1830)口鼻蠅屬 Stomorhina Rondani,1861不顯口鼻蠅 Stomorhina obsoleta (Wiedemann,1830) 黃腹口鼻蠅Stomorhina xanthogaster (Wiedemann,1820)花蠅科ANTHOMYIIDAE花蠅屬Anthomyia Meigen,1803橫帶花蠅 Authomyia illocata Walker,1856海花蠅屬Fucellia Robineau-Desvoidy,

19、1841黑斑海花蠅 Fucellia apicalis Kertesz,1908中華?；ㄏ塅ucellia chinensis Kertesz,1908地種蠅屬 Delia Robineau-Desvoidy,1830灰地種蠅Delia platura (Meigen,1826)泉蠅屬Pegomya Robinean-Desvoidy武夷泉蠅Pegomya wuyiensis Fan et Huan纖目花蠅屬Lasiomma Stein,1916扭葉纖目花蠅Lasiomma pectinicrus Hennig,1968麻蠅科 SAROPHAGIDAC析麻蠅屬Blaesoxipha Loew,

20、1861亞非析麻蠅Blaesoxipha rufipes (Macquart,1838)臺灣析麻蠅Blaesoxipha formosana Baranov黑麻蠅屬Helicophagella Enderlein,1928 黑尾黑麻蠅Helicophagella melanura Meigen,1826緬麻蠅屬Burmanomyia Fan,1964松毛蟲緬麻蠅Burmanomyia beesoni (Senior-White,1924)細麻蠅屬Pierretia Robineau-Desvoidy,1863杯細麻蠅Pierretia calcifera (Boettcher,1912)雞尾細

21、麻蠅Pierretia caudagalli (Boettcher,1912)別麻蠅屬Boettcherisca Rohdendorf,1937棕尾別麻蠅Boettcherisca peregrina (Robineau-Desvoidy,1830)鬃麻蠅屬Sarcorohdendorfia Baranov,1938 羚足鬃麻蠅Sarcorohdendorfia antilope (Bottcher,1913)辛麻蠅屬Seniorwhitea Rohdendorf,1937擬東方辛麻蠅Seniorwhitea reciproca (Walker,1856)鉤麻蠅屬Harpagophalla R

22、ohdendorf,1937曲突鉤麻蠅Harpagophalla kempi (Senior-White,1924)亞麻蠅屬Parasarcophaga Johnston et Tiegs,1921白頭亞麻蠅Parasarcophaga albiceps Meigen,1826短角亞麻蠅Parasarcophaga brevicornis (Ho,1934）醬亞麻蠅Parasarcophaga dux Thomson,1868黃須亞麻蠅Parasarcophaga misera Walker,1849秉氏亞麻蠅Parasarcophaga Pingi (Ho,1934)褐須亞麻蠅Parasar

23、cophaga sericea Walker,1852野亞麻蠅Parasarcophaga similis Meade,1876叉形亞麻蠅Parasarcophaga scopariiformis (Senior-White,1927)多突亞麻蠅Parasarcophaga polystylata (Ho,1934)3.2 種群結構 在福州機場口岸的蠅類岸優(yōu)勢種中大頭金蠅最多，占種群總數(shù)的49.20%；其次為東方芒蠅占17.90%、家蠅占17.13 %；市蠅占4.47%。（見表1）表1 福州機場口岸蠅類種群構成蠅種 捕蠅數(shù)（只） 構成比（%）大頭金蠅 10009 49.20東方芒蠅 3642

24、17.90家蠅 3546 17.43市蠅 909 4.47巨尾阿麗蠅 358 1.76銅綠蠅 352 1.73橫帶花蠅 339 1.67絲光綠蠅 192 0.94其它 995 4.89合計 20342 100.001.67%1.73%4.47%1.76%17.43%0.94%4.89%49.20%大頭金蠅東方芒蠅家蠅市蠅巨尾阿麗蠅銅綠蠅橫帶花蠅絲光綠蠅其它17.90%福州機場口岸蠅類種群構成3.3 蠅類密度及季節(jié)消長 福州機場口岸的年平均蠅密度為23.54只/籠，（表2）從蠅類季節(jié)消長圖上來看，福州機場口岸的蠅類密度從5月份開始上升，9月最高為107.82只/籠，11月份后開始下降。（圖2）表2 福州長樂國際機場口岸蠅類密度 調(diào)查月份 捕獲只數(shù) 1 0 2 0 3 17 4 500 5 1912 6 996 7 1684 8 1319 9 7763 10 3956 11 2110 12 84 合計 2034