1、一.瞬間動(dòng)詞和延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的含義及用法瞬間動(dòng)詞(非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或短暫性動(dòng)詞:是指動(dòng)作在很短時(shí)間內(nèi)完成, 無(wú)延續(xù)性。如come go 等終止性動(dòng)詞和延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞:延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞: live ,run, stay, clean ,play ,hold ,watch ,teach, read ,study, teach ,eat ,drink ,write ,dance , sing ,smoke瞬間性動(dòng)詞:open, stop ,like ,love ,die ,win ,close ,shot ,begin ,start enter ,finish1.終止性動(dòng)詞:表示不能延續(xù)的動(dòng)作,即動(dòng)作發(fā)生后立即結(jié)束。

2、如: begin,arrive,borrow,buy,break,close,come,fall,dic,finish,go,leave,lend,mary,reach,receive,open,sell ,start,stop等。終止性動(dòng)詞的肯定式是不能持續(xù)的,所以不能和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用,終止性的否定式就可以和表一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用,因?yàn)榉穸ū旧砭褪强梢匝永m(xù)的。如:have a cold是持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,表示“狀態(tài)”,可與表延續(xù)性的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用,不定冠詞不能省略。Ive had a cold since my arrival.I didnt go to school because I ha

3、d had a bad cold for days.catch / take ,get a cold是短暫性動(dòng)作,表“動(dòng)態(tài)”:它不能和延續(xù)性時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用,不定冠詞“a”可有可無(wú),catch可用代替。Put on your coat ,or youll catch / take / get a cold.Take care not to get cold.但是,若cold前有形容詞修飾時(shí),則不定冠詞不能省。如:Brown has taken a slight cold.注意下列句子:I have caught a cold for over a week.(×I have had a

4、cold for over a week.( 2. 延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞:表示可以延續(xù)一段時(shí)間的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。如:be, drink, fly ,eat ,keep ,lie ,live ,rain等。延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞常不能和表示一個(gè)短暫具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用;這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞如用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài),則可以和表示一個(gè)短暫具體的時(shí)刻連用。He worked at eight yesterday afternoon.(×He was working at eight yesterday afternoon.( 3. 代替終止性動(dòng)詞的方法a用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞代替終止性動(dòng)詞1. 用have代替buyMy brother has had

5、(不能用has bought this bike for almost four years.2. 用keep或have代替borrowI have kept(不能用have borrowed the book for quite a few days.3. 用be替代becomeHow long has your sister been a teacher?4. 用have a cold代替catch a coldTom has had a cold since the day before yesterday.5. 用w ear代替put onb用“be+形容詞”代終止性動(dòng)詞1. be+m

6、arried代marry 2、be+ill代fall (get ill2. be+dead代die 4、be+asleep代fall (get asleep3. be+awake代wake/wake up 6、be+gone代lose, die, sell, leave4. be+open代open 8、be closed代close/shut5. be+missing(gone, lost代losec 用“be+副詞”代終止性動(dòng)詞1. “be+on”代start, begin2. “be+up”代get up3. “be+back(to”代return to ,come back to ,g

7、o back to4. “be here (there”代come(arrive, reach ,get here或go (arrive ,reach, get there等等d 用“be+介詞短語(yǔ)”代終止性動(dòng)詞1.“be in/at +地點(diǎn)”代替go to /come to2. 用be in the army 代替join the army3.“be in/at +地點(diǎn)”代替move to常用的就是:leave be away, borrowkeep, buyhave, begin/startbe on, diebe dead, move to live in, finish be over

8、, joinbe in/be a member of, open sth.keep sth. open, fall ill be ill, get up be up, catch a cold have a cold。從中考試題透視瞬間動(dòng)詞和延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞1.-How long have you _ the book?-Two weeks.A. boughtB. lentC. hadD. borrowed2. -Do you know him well?-Sure, we _friends for ten years.A. wereB. have beenC. have becomeD. have

9、 made二、避免瞬間動(dòng)詞和延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與時(shí)間誤用的方法1 .避免瞬間動(dòng)詞與段時(shí)間誤用,可以用以下五種方法:用ago這個(gè)詞。例如:他買(mǎi)了這本書(shū)兩年了。誤:He has bought the book for two years.正:He bought the book two years ago.將瞬間動(dòng)詞用相同或相近的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ)代替。例如:他們認(rèn)識(shí)5年了。誤:They have got to know each other for five years.正:They have known each other for five years.將瞬間動(dòng)詞用意義相同的形容詞或分詞(副詞短語(yǔ)作表

10、語(yǔ)的形式來(lái)代替。例如:他父親死了五年了。誤:His father has died for two years.正:His father has been dead for two years.運(yùn)用句型It is (has beensince來(lái)表達(dá)。例如:湯姆參軍4年了。誤:Tom has joined the army for four years.正:It is (has been four years since Tom joined the army.用瞬間動(dòng)詞的否定結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)表達(dá)。例如:直到父母回來(lái)他才睡覺(jué)。誤:He went to bed until his parents came

11、home.正:He didn't go to bed until his parents came home.2. 避免延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與點(diǎn)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)誤用的方法有:用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)來(lái)表達(dá)。例如:昨晚十點(diǎn)鐘他正學(xué)英語(yǔ)。誤:He studied English at ten o'clock last night.正:He was studying English at ten o'clock last night.在延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞前加begin等瞬間性動(dòng)詞來(lái)表達(dá)。例如:瑪麗8點(diǎn)鐘工作。誤:Mary worked at eight o'clock.正:Mary began

12、to work at eight o'clock.三、瞬間動(dòng)詞與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中的運(yùn)用1.在以when, as soon as, as, before, after等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞既可以是瞬間性的,也可以是延續(xù)性的。例如:When he came in, I was doing some washing.他進(jìn)來(lái)時(shí),我正在洗衣服。We often take a nap after we have meal.飯后,我們常常要小睡一下。2.在以while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只能是延續(xù)性的。例如:While they were working, they s

13、aw something strange in the sky.當(dāng)他們?cè)趧趧?dòng)時(shí),他們看見(jiàn)天空中有些奇怪的東西。3.在以till, until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞既可是瞬間性動(dòng)詞,也可是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。例如若主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是瞬間動(dòng)詞,句子用否定結(jié)構(gòu),從句也用瞬間動(dòng)詞。例如:Mr White didn't leave the workshop until he finished his work.懷特先生直到做完了工作才離開(kāi)車(chē)間。Last night I didn't go to bed until my mother came home.昨晚我母親下班回家后我才睡覺(jué)。若主句

14、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,這時(shí)句子用肯定結(jié)構(gòu)和否定結(jié)構(gòu)均可,但含義有差別。試比較:I worked until she fell asleep.我一直工作到她睡著為止。I didn't work until she fell asleep.直到她睡著了,我才工作。英語(yǔ)延續(xù)動(dòng)詞與非延續(xù)動(dòng)詞的轉(zhuǎn)換練習(xí)題1.我一個(gè)月前買(mǎi)了一本書(shū)。I bought a book a month ago.I have had a book for a month.It is a month since I bought a book.2.他們一周前從圖書(shū)館借了五本書(shū)。They borrowed five books

15、 from library a week ago.They have kept five books for a week.It is a week since they borrowed five books.3.電影已經(jīng)開(kāi)始十分鐘了。The film started ten minutes ago.The film has been on for ten minutes.It is ten minutes since the film started.補(bǔ)充練習(xí):1. When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus _ for 20 minutes.A. h

16、as leftB. had leftC. has been awayD. had been away2. I _ the League for 5 years so far.A. joinedB. have joinedC. have been in3. The factory _ since the February of 1988.A . has been open B. has opened C. was open D. opened4. Mary and Rose _friends since they met in 2000.A. have madeB. have beenC. ma

17、deD. have become5.Y ou mustn't _ until he comes back.A. be awayB. leaveC. be left6. The meeting _ for a week now.A. has finishedB. has endedC. has been over7. Miss Gao _ this school for nearly 5 years.A. has been inB. has come toC. has taught8. Ben _ a teacher for 4 years .A. has beenB. has beco

18、meC. wasD. became9. I _ home for a week.A. have returnedB. have been backC. returned10. How long _ he _ ?A. diedB. has, diedC. has, been dead11. He _ at eight yesterday afternoon.A. sleptB. was sleepingC. has sleepD. had slept12. He _ the car for a week.A. boughtB. has boughtC. has had13. -How long _ you _ ill ?