1、美麗的金銀花你粲然綻放于幽靜一角芳菲滿枝，無(wú)人垂顧迎風(fēng)起舞，無(wú)人注目。游子從不踐踏你的玉體, 過(guò)客從不催落你的淚滴。造化令你素裹銀妝，你得以遠(yuǎn)離庸人的目光。她賜予你一片綠陰蔥蔥，她帶給你一泓流水淙淙。恬靜的夏日倏然流淌，你終于紅衰翠減，玉隕香消嫵媚動(dòng)人，你卻無(wú)法盛顏久長(zhǎng), 落紅滿地，你令我黯然神傷?？v然在伊甸樂(lè)園，人間天堂，也難免一日凋零，滿目凄涼。蕭瑟秋風(fēng)，凄白秋霜，你終于消失得無(wú)影無(wú)蹤。朝霞暮露，孕育了你嬌小的身軀。你從塵土來(lái)，又歸塵土去，來(lái)時(shí)一無(wú)所有，去時(shí)化作塵土，可嘆生命苦短，你終究紅消香斷。The Wild Honey Suckle 野忍冬F(xiàn)air flower, that dost

2、 so comely grow,Hid in this silent, dull retreat,Untouched thy honyed blossoms blow, attractiveUnseen thy little branches greet:No roving foot shall crush thee here,No busy hand provoke a tear.By Nature ' s self in white arrayed,She bade thee shun the vulgar eye,And planted here the guardian sha

3、de,And sent soft waters murmuring by;Thus quietly thy summergoes,Thy days declining to repose. TranquilitySmit with those charms, that must decay,I grieve to see your future doom;They died-nor were those flowers more gay,The flowers that did in Eden bloom;Unpitying frosts and Autumn ' s powerSha

4、ll leave no vestige of this flower.From morning suns and evening dewsAt first thy little being came;If nothing once, you nothing lose,For when you die you are the same;The space between is but an hour,The frail duration of flower.Published in his Poems(1786)Virtually unread in his lifetimeConsidered

5、 one of the author ' s finest nature poems.Written in four six-line iambic tetrameter( 抑揚(yáng)格四音步)stanzas rhymed on ababcc pattern.這些格律上的規(guī)范折射出金銀花的生死有律。第一節(jié)描述春天中的金銀花開(kāi)得非常漂亮，但無(wú)人欣賞、無(wú)人撫摸。因?yàn)檫@些花躲藏在單調(diào)且僻靜的地方 金銀花得以很好的生長(zhǎng)保存。第二節(jié)中大寫(xiě)的“ Nature ”告訴我們夏天的金銀花和理性的“ self ”是生活 在自然之道或自然之神里。 Nature 保護(hù)著金銀花，命令金銀花避開(kāi)“ the vulgar

6、 eye ” , 讓一切按自然之 道進(jìn)行：流水低語(yǔ)地流淌，夏天“ quietly ”溜走，金銀花的日子逐漸“ to repose ” , 恢復(fù)寧?kù)o。第三節(jié) 表現(xiàn)出詩(shī)人對(duì)大自然的敬畏。詩(shī)人感悟到大自然不可逆轉(zhuǎn)的宿命規(guī)律，有點(diǎn)傷感（ grieve ） ，但對(duì)大自然的 殘酷力量充滿敬畏。最后一節(jié)，是詩(shī)人冬天里的哲學(xué)沉思。人與花一樣，從早上到晚上，從生到死，都是 那么短暫，那么脆弱。生之前，死之后，生死之間，事物都一樣，都蘊(yùn)含在自然中。Techniques ： personification ： the wild honey suckle; Exaggeration: （ hyperbole）“the

7、 space between, is but an hour ” ; the transience andfrailty of lifeTone: loving, sympatheticWhat is the symbolic significance of the wild honey suckleAn ordinary, beautiful person whose life is plainly and quietly spent Sense and significance:The poet: expresses his keen awareness of the liveliness

8、 and transience of natureCelebrates the beauty of the frail forest flowerShow his deep love for natureAnticipate 預(yù)見(jiàn) the nineteenth-century romantic use of simple nature imagery 意象 .CommentaryAs is displayed in this poem, honeysuckle, instead of rose or daffodil, became the object of depiction; it is

9、“ wild ” just to convey the freshperception of the natural scenes on the new continent. Time is constant but the time of a life is short; any favor is relative but change is absolute; with or without the awareness, nature develops; flowers were born, blossomed and declined to repose, and human being

10、s would exist in exactly the same way. To some extent, Freneau s poem is a longer expounding of William Blake s poem: “To see the world in a grain of sand, /And a heaven in a wild flower,/Hold infinity in the palm of your hand,/And eternity in an hour. ”In the first two stanzas, to start with, Frene

11、au devoted more attentionto the environment of the flower in which he found it than to the appearance of the flower per se（ 本身 ）. He commented on the secluded 僻靜的，隔絕 的 nature of the place where the honey suckle grew, drawing a conclusionthat it was due to Nature s protectiveness that the flower was

12、able to lead a peaceful life free from men s disturbance and destruction. But the next stanza immediately changed the tone from silent admiration and appreciation to outright 無(wú) 保 留 地 lamentation 悲 痛 over the“ future s doom” of the flower - even Nature was unable to save theflower from its death. Act

13、ually no flower, or no living being, can escape. Thus from the flower in nature the poet started to ponder思索 over thefate of man, who was bound to fall from his innocence and suffer from the despair of death as the result to his exile流放 from Paradise. Just askindly as nourished 養(yǎng)育 and protected the

14、honey suckle in spring and summer, Nature will destroy ruthlessly the flower with its autumn and winter weapons.The lyric is written in regular 6-line tetrameter stanzas, rhyming“ ababcc” , and sounds just like music. But in order to accord with thechange in tone and topic in Stanza 3, the rhythmic

15、pattern is varied.Different from the rest the poem which is written in smooth iambic tetrameter lines, the third line of the stanza -“They died ” - beginswith a “ spondee” (two stressed beats in a row) and, after forcing the reader to pause (the dash), continues in a highly irregular rhythm withan i

16、ntensification of stressed beats. The purpose is obvious: the speaker wants to drive the horrible messagehome, to let the reader feel the impact acutely. But as we progress into the last stanza, when a more mature view of life and death is adopted, the rhythms are restored to the original regularity

17、 as the tone assumes a tempered serenity grown out of experience.In this poem, the poet expresses a keen awareness of the loveliness and transience 短暫 of nature. It implies that life and death are inevitable 不可避免的 law of nature. In addition, the poet writes with the strong implication that, though i

18、n the work no one is presented in person, human beings at times 有時(shí) envy the flower. This is seen not because the “ roving 徘徊的 foot ” would “ crush 壓碎” ; nor that the “ busy hand ” would “ provoke 激起，引起a tear ” ; nor because of the“ vulgar 粗俗的 eye ” , but because of the fact that the human being has

19、the ability to foresee his death. However, the flower, with its happy ignorance, lacks thisconsciousness and is completely unaware of its doom. Its innocence leftit happier than the foreseeing human beings. Unfortunately, the human beings are quite unwilling to refuse this knowledge and that arouses

20、 all their sufferings.野金銀花是Freneau 在南卡羅萊納州查爾斯頓散步時(shí)，看到一簇幽生的金銀花，于是便有感而發(fā)，將這首短詩(shī)一氣呵成。詩(shī)人以敏銳的觀察力、淺俗的詞匯、優(yōu)美的旋律和清晰的意象，細(xì)膩生動(dòng)地描寫(xiě)了盛開(kāi)于北美大地不為人們注意的野金銀花。此詩(shī)分為兩大部分，前兩節(jié)寫(xiě)景，后兩節(jié)抒情。寫(xiě)景以抒情為目的，抒情以寫(xiě)景為背景，兩部分互為烘托，成為不可分割的整體。詩(shī)人以驚喜的目光看到自然界神奇的產(chǎn)物時(shí)，心中涌動(dòng)的是對(duì)大自然無(wú)限的崇拜之情。如果說(shuō)“綠蔭”指的是未受人類文明侵犯的新大陸處女地的話，那些“美麗的金銀花”則應(yīng)是大自然創(chuàng)作的生命的具體體現(xiàn)。詩(shī)人用淺顯的文字勾畫(huà)出一片繁榮祥

21、和的景象，在對(duì)生命的贊嘆中，流露出返璞歸真、崇尚自然的情節(jié)，充滿了浪漫主義情調(diào)和理想主義色彩。然而， Freneau 的過(guò)人之處，不僅在于他具有詩(shī)人的敏感，而且在于他同時(shí)具有哲人的睿智。詩(shī)人先是描寫(xiě)外界景物，然后直接聯(lián)系到自己，聯(lián)系到人類，并將人與自然融為一體，以自然規(guī)律來(lái)感染讀者。所以，詩(shī)人從第三小節(jié)開(kāi)始筆鋒一轉(zhuǎn)。顯然，詩(shī)人對(duì)大自然的神奇力量由崇拜轉(zhuǎn)為迷惑，懷著惋惜忐忑的心情聯(lián)想到生命的無(wú)奈和大自然的無(wú)情，開(kāi)始了對(duì)生命本質(zhì)的思考。因此，在第四小節(jié)，詩(shī)人對(duì)主題進(jìn)一步挖掘。至此， Freneau 借助金銀花的榮枯闡述了自己毫不掩飾的自然觀：萬(wàn)物有生必有死，有榮必有枯，花開(kāi)花落，四季轉(zhuǎn)換乃自然界的

22、規(guī)律，這一規(guī)律是不以人的意志為轉(zhuǎn)移的，是人類無(wú)法抗拒的。自然界萬(wàn)物的生生息息乃自然的神力所造就，是人類無(wú)法左右的。因而，對(duì)于花的榮枯，人的生死，人類大可不必為之傷情。正如中國(guó)的一句古語(yǔ)，人“生不帶來(lái)死不帶去” 。詩(shī)人高歌： “不曾擁有，何曾失去” ，足以說(shuō)明詩(shī)人對(duì)生命本質(zhì)有了明確的認(rèn)識(shí)后，走出困惑，最終達(dá)到一種豁達(dá)樂(lè)觀的境界。Freneau 以他對(duì)美洲大地的深厚感情和洞若幽微的感受力，通過(guò)對(duì)金銀花的生長(zhǎng)環(huán)境及其盛衰變遷的描述，抒發(fā)了他對(duì)短暫人生的感嘆，使本詩(shī)在清麗的意境和濃郁的美洲大地的鄉(xiāng)土氣息中加入一層哲理的思考。詩(shī)歌的最后四句，似對(duì)花說(shuō)，又似詩(shī)人自然自語(yǔ)，令人頗為回味，乃整首詩(shī)歌的點(diǎn)睛之筆

23、。人無(wú)異于花草，兩者都發(fā)端于“一塊共同的泥土” ，并無(wú)法回避“一把黃土葬其身”的最終結(jié)局。美是那么短暫，人生或許亦莫過(guò)于此吧。言盡而意猶存，讓人悵然若失。詩(shī)人記錄了他對(duì)生命的感觸，揭示生命的本質(zhì)，借此提醒讀者， 生命因其短暫而寶貴無(wú)價(jià)。 雖然生命只是從生到死的一個(gè)過(guò)程， 但依然有許多令人心快的綺麗風(fēng)光，有許多值得人們?yōu)橹畩^斗拼搏的美好事物。珍惜生命才是真正地享受生命。盡管生命是有限的，卻要在這有限的生命中，盡可能綻放它，滿懷熱情，悟徹人生的實(shí)質(zhì)。就如同任何一種像野金銀花的花卉不會(huì)因?yàn)樽罱K的凋零而拒絕開(kāi)放，人類也不應(yīng)該因?yàn)樯罱K的結(jié)局是死亡就放棄對(duì)生命的珍愛(ài)。這首詩(shī)中， Freneau 以抒情

24、的色調(diào)描繪和謳歌了大自然的瑰麗，同時(shí)又揭示出自然界的蕭殺冷酷和生命無(wú)奈短暫的本質(zhì)；既有浪漫主義情調(diào)，又不乏意象主義的意味，的確不失為一首上乘之作。ContentIn “ The Wild Honey Suckle ” Philip Freneau addresses a flower, writing to it,how beautiful it is. He wishes that it should not be damaged. He appreciates the planted wild honey suckle and its peaceful place within natur

25、e. Freneau also expresses his worries about the flower and compares it to those in paradise. Heis aware of the flower s fading and the short time that lies between growing and dying.Structure and FormThe poemis divided into four stanzas. Each stanza consists of four lines, which are composedin cross

26、 rhymes. Then, after an insertion, comes a rhyming couplet. The first four lines of each stanza describe the flower and address it. The last two lines show the fate of that flower. The rhythm is regular and iambic with four stressed syllables in each line. All cadences 節(jié)奏 are male, except for those

27、in the rhyming couplets of stanza three and four, which are female. The regularity of structure and form make the poem well-readable.ImageryPhilip Freneau employs a language full of imagery. Especially personifications constitute a main part of “The Wild Honey Suckle ” . Moreover, the flower itself

28、is personified. The narrator talks to the flower as if it were a human being.Freneau was extremely sensitive to the beauty of nature. He expresses a keen awareness of the loneliness and transience of nature. Freneau personifies the flower in this poemto reflect how beautiful it is. The sounds of wor

29、ds effect created through changes in the rhythm. Especially in the last stanza he tells us the space between birth and death. The final verse says simply, that death is like the time before birth. It is a non-existence that is not to be feared.Freneau describes the beauty of the flower very charming

30、ly and sweetly. But at the same time, we can feel sorrow and loneliness of itself. And show the stern or hard realities of life and describe sensible way representing flower as real life.II In this poem the poet expressed a keen awareness of the livelin ess and transience of nature.He not only medit

31、ated on mortality but also celebrated implies t hat life and death are inevitable law of nature,"the wild honey s uckle"is PhilipFreneau s most widely read natural lyric with the t heme of central image is a nativewild flower,which makes a drastic difference from elite flower images typical of traditionEnglish poem showed strong feelings forof romantic poets.the natural beauty,which was the characteristicIII The poem was written in regular 6-line tet