1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上中考賓語從句專項講解賓語從句學習賓語從句要抓住三要素：、和。一. 賓語從句的定義及種類賓語從句是一種名詞性從句，在句中作及物動詞的賓語，或介詞的賓語，或形容詞的賓語。根據(jù)引導賓語從句的不同連詞，賓語從句可分為三類。1. 由that引導的賓語從句。That只有語法作用，沒有實在的意義，在口語和非正式文體中可以省略。例如： He said (that) he wanted to stay at home.(作及物動詞的賓語)She doesnt know (that) she is seriously ill. (作及物動詞的賓語)I am sure (that) he

2、will succeed. (作形容詞的賓語)可跟that從句做賓語的動詞有：say, think, insist, wish, hope, demand, imagine, wonder, know, suppose, see, believe, agree, admit, deny, expect, explain, order, command, feel, dream, suggest, hear, mean, notice, prefer, request, require, propose, declare, report等。Eg:The boy believes that he

3、will travel through space to other planets.2. 連接代詞和連接副詞引導的賓語從句這樣的賓語從句實際上是由特殊疑問句變化而來的，賓語從句要用陳述句語序。用于這種結(jié)構(gòu)的動詞常常是：see, say, tell, ask, answer, know, decide, show, find out, imagine, suggest, doubt, wonder, discover, understand, inform, advise等。連接代詞：who,whom,whose,which,what,在句中擔任主語、賓語、定語或者表語。連接代詞一般指疑問,但

4、what, whatever除了指疑問外,也可以指陳述.Do you know who has won Red Alert game?你知道是誰贏得了紅色警報的游戲么？The book will show you what the best CEOs should know.這本書會告訴你最好的執(zhí)行總裁該了解什么.Have you determined whichever you should buy,a Motorola or Nokia cell phone?你決定好是買諾基亞還是摩托羅拉的電話了嗎?連接副詞有：when,where,why,how，在句中擔任狀語的成分。He didnt

5、tell me when we should meet again. 他沒有告訴我什么時候我們能再見面. Could you please tell me how you use the new panel? 你能告訴我怎么用這個新的操作盤嗎? None of us knows where these new parts can be bought. 沒有人知道這些的新的零件能在哪里買到.3. 由if或whether引導的賓語從句。If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。例如：I want to know if (whether) he lives there.He asked me wh

6、ether (if) I could help him.二. 賓語從句的語序賓語從句的語序應為陳述句的語序即：連接代詞/副詞+主語+謂語+其他成分。例如：I hear (that) physics isnt easy.I think (that) you will like this school soon.Can you tell me how I can get to the zoo?Please tell me when well have the meeting.三. 賓語從句的時態(tài)1. 如果主句的時態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時，賓語從句該用什麼時態(tài)就用什麼時態(tài)。 如：I dont think (t

7、hat) you are right. Please tell us where he is. Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station?2. 如果主句的時態(tài)是一般過去時，賓語從句只能用相應的過去時態(tài)（一般過去時， 過去進行時， 過去將來時，過去完成時）。例如：He asked what time it was.He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet.He asked if you had written to Peter.He said that he would

8、 go back to the U.S. soon.3. 如果賓語從句所陳述的是客觀真理，其時態(tài)常用一般現(xiàn)在時。例如：Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year.Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun.that主句的謂語動詞是say, think, tell, know, hear, see, feel, mean, hope, wish, remember, forget等時，或主句的謂語動詞是由形容詞afraid, glad, sure

9、, sorry等作表語的系表結(jié)構(gòu)時，后面常接that引導的賓語從句。e.g. He says that he wants to speak to the headmaster.Im sorry (that) he isnt here right now.賓語從句需要注意的一些點: 1.      that 的省略：that 引導的賓語從句用來陳述事實，that本身無詞義，在從句中不作任何成分，在口語中或非正式文體中常常可被省略。e.g. I guess (that) somebody else has borrowed it. Im afrai

10、d (that) youll have to wait.以下情況下不能省略that A當主句謂語動詞帶有兩個或兩個以上賓語從句時，可以省略第一個that，其他不能省略。 egI believe（that）you have done your best and that things will get better B當it作形式賓語時 egShe made it clear that she had nothing to do with him C當賓語從句前置時 egThat our team will win，I believeD當主句的謂語動詞與that賓語從句之間有插入語時，that一

11、般不可省。egJust then I noticed, for the first time, that our master was wearing his fine green coat and his black silk cap.E. 當that從句是雙賓語中的直接賓語時，that不可省。egI cant tell him that his mother died.F. 當that作learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold等動詞的賓語時;2.      賓

12、語從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移：主句是I/We think/suppose/guess/believe/imagine/consider/expect/fancy等時，從句中的否定習慣上要轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中。其反意疑問句一般與疑問句一致。Eg：I dont believe that man is killed by Jim,is he? 我認為那個人不是Jim所殺的,是不是? I expect our English teacher will be back this weekend, won't she/he? We suppose you have finished the project, have

13、n't you?如果賓語從句中有某個含有否定意義的形容詞或副詞(不包含帶有否定前綴的詞，如：unhappy，unfair，dislike等),其反義疑問句要用肯定形式. We find that he never listens to the teacher carefully, does he? 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他從不仔細聽老師講課，是不是？當主句的主語是第二、三人稱時，其反義疑問句一般與主句保持一致。Eg：Your sister supposes she needs no help, doesn't she? You thought they could have complete

14、d the project, didn't you? They don't believe she's an engineer, do they? She doesn't expect that we are coming so soon, does she?if/whetherif/whether都可作賓語從句的引導詞，意為“是否”，在一般情況下可以互換。if多用于口語和非正式文體中，whether則多用于比較正式的文體中。如：e.g. She asked me if/whether I could help her with her English. I d

15、ont know if/whether it is going to rain.Note: 只用whether的六種情況：1.      在帶to的動詞不定式前He doesnt know whether to go to the cinema or to watch TV at home.2.      在介詞后Im thinking of whether we should go fishing.3.      直接與or not連用時I d

16、ont know whether or not they will come to help us.4.      在動詞discuss后面的賓語從句中We discussed whether would have a sports meeting next week.5.      賓語從句提前時只能用whetherWhether this is true or not, I cant say.6.      引導位于句首的主語從句或表語從句用

17、whetherWhether he is right or wrong is a question.The question is whether we can catch the bus.問題是我們能否趕上公共汽車。7.     若用if會引起歧義時，則用whether。如：Please let me know if you like the book可理解為：bIf you like the book，please let me know你如果喜歡這本書，請告訴我。難點：1. 避免重復出現(xiàn)連接代詞或連接副詞；e.g. *I cant see

18、 that what is over there. （應去掉that）2. 從句中的語序為陳述語序；e.g. *Do you know how old is she? (應改為：how old she is)3. 從句中的時態(tài)與主句時態(tài)前后呼應。e.g. *She didnt tell me when she will come. (應改為：when she would come)4.轉(zhuǎn)換： 由連接代詞和連接副詞引導的賓語從句可用疑問代詞和疑問副詞動詞不定式替代，進行句型上的轉(zhuǎn)換。e.g. Ive no idea what were going to do next. = Ive no ide

19、a what to do next.Could you tell me how I can get to the post office? = Could you tell me how to get to the post office?難點：賓語從句中的It 可運用形式賓語it代替的賓語從句 動詞find,feel,consider,make,believe等后面有賓語補足語的時候,則需要用it做形式賓語而將that賓語從句后置. I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day . 我認為每天多喝開水是有必要的

20、. I feel it a pity that I havent been to the get-together. 我沒去聚會,感覺非常遺憾. I have made it a rule that I keep diaries. 我每天寫日記成了習慣. We all find it important that we (should) make a quick decision about this mater. 我們都認為對這件事馬上做出決定很重要. 有些動詞帶賓語從句時需要在賓語與從句前加it 這類動詞主要有:hate, take , owe, have, see to. I hate

21、it when they talk with their mouths full of food. 我討厭他們滿嘴食物時說話. He will have it that our plan is really practical. 他會認為我們的計劃確實可行. We take it that you will agree with us. 我們認為你會同意我們的. When you start the engine, you must see to it that car is in neutral. 開啟發(fā)動機時, 一定要使汽車的離合器處于空擋位置. 若賓語從句是wh-類,則不可用it代替 W

22、e all consider what you said to be unbelievable. 我們都認為你所說的是不可信的. We discovered what we had learned to be valuable. 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)我們所學到的東西都是有用的.注意：運用虛擬語氣的情況在表示 建議 suggest 、advise、propose; 要求demand 、desire、request； 決定 decide; 命令 order、command、require;堅決主張 insist; 等動詞后跟賓語從句，用（should）+v（虛擬語氣） Eg： I suggested that

23、 you（should）study hard He ordered that we should go out at once 簡化賓語從句的方法方法一：當主句謂語動詞是hope， decide， wish， choose， agree， promise等，且賓語從句的主語與主句主語一致時，賓語從句可簡化為不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：Li Ming hopes he will be back very soon. Li Ming hopes to be back very soon.We decided that we would help him. We decided to help him.方法二

24、：當主句謂語動詞是know， learn， remember， forget， tell等動詞，且主句主語與從句主語一致時，賓語從句可簡化為“疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：She has forgotten how she can open the window. She has forgotten how to open the window.注：當主句謂語動詞是tell， ask， show， teach等動詞，且后帶雙賓語，從句主語和間接賓語一致時，賓語從句可簡化為“疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：Could you tell me how I can get to the station？

25、Could you tell me how to get to the station？方法三：當主句的謂語動詞是order（命令），require（需要）等時，如果主句和從句的主語不一致，賓語從句可簡化為“名詞（代詞）+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：The headmaster ordered that we should start at once. The headmaster ordered us to start at once.方法四：某些動詞后的賓語從句，可以用介詞加動名詞（短語）等其他形式簡化。例如：He insisted that he should go with us. He in

26、sisted on going with us.The poor boy doesnt know when and where he was born. The poor boy doesnt know the time and the place of his birth.方法五：某些動詞后面的賓語從句可轉(zhuǎn)化為“賓語+V-ing形式（作賓語補足語）”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：Liu Ping found that there was a wallet lying on the ground. Liu Ping found a wallet lying on the ground.方法六：動詞seem后的賓

27、語從句，也可以用不定式（短語）來簡化，但句型需要進行適當?shù)淖兓?。例如：It seemed that the boys were going to win. The boys seemed to win.除上述方法外，還有一些特殊句式的轉(zhuǎn)化，如：I found that it was difficult to learn English well. I found it difficult to learn English well.Soon we found that the ground was covered with thick snow. Soon we found the groun

28、d covered with thick snow.They found that the box was very heavy. They found the box very heavy.although 與 though的用法區(qū)別一、用作連詞表示“雖然”，兩者大致同義，可換用，只是 although 比 though 更為正式：Though Although it was raining，we went there. 雖然下著雨，但我們還是去了那兒。Though Although it was barely four oclock, the lights were already on.

29、 盡管才四點鐘，燈已經(jīng)亮了。Though Although we are poor, we are still happy. 我們雖然窮，仍然很快活。二、用作副詞although 一般不用作副詞，而 though 可用作副詞，且一般放在句末(不放在句首)，意為“可是”、“不過”：Its hard work; I enjoy it though. 工作很辛苦，可是我樂意干。He is looking fit, though. 但他看起來很健康。You can count on him, though. 不過你可以指靠他。三、用于習語在 as though(好像，仿佛)，even though(即使，縱然)等固定短語中不能用 although：She