1、2019北京朝陽高三（上）期末英 語(考試時間100分鐘滿分120分)本試卷共10頁?？忌鷦?wù)必將答案答在答題卡上，在試卷上作答無效。第一部分:知識運用(共兩節(jié)，45分)第一節(jié)語法填空(共10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分)閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。A I love the desert _1_ it makes me feel spiritual. I especially like the orange and red sunsetin the desert. When the night _2

2、_ (come), I lay my blanket, build a fire, and eat some dinner.Then I like lying on the sand and looking at the countless_ 3_ (star) in the sky. At this time I can feel more relaxed. Ill wait for another beautiful picture in the morning, the sunrise.BAs the worlds population grows, a lot of wild anim

3、als一 4_ (force) to leave their natural home. Many wild animals are in danger. People kill them for food or fur, or because they compete with humans for food supplies. _5_ (lucky), animal rescue organizations are working hard _6_ (preserve) endangered animals and give them help. More and more people

4、are realizing the importance of protecting wild animals.CSmokejumpers are a special type of firefighter. They jump from planes into areas that are difficult to reach by car or on foot. When they arrive there, they first examine the land and decide 7_ to fight the fire. Their main goal is to stop a f

5、ire from 8_ (spread). They will use basic equipment to clear land of plants and other dry materials. The work is dangerous, 9_ they love being able to jump out of planes, fight fires, and live in the forest. As 38-year-old Alexi Tishin, who -10- (work) as a smokejumper for 15 years, says, This is th

6、e best job for tough guys.第二節(jié)完形填空(共20小題;每小題1.5分，共30分)閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A, B, C, D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。Survival in the AndesOn October 13, 1972, a small plane flying to Chile accidentally crashed into a mountain inthe Andes. How some of the passengers _l1_ to live is one of the greatest survival

7、 stories evertold.The survivors _12_ inside the remains of the plane, using seat covers for blankets, andwaited for a _13_ that never came. Days turned into weeks. It was urgent to find a way to_14-. Three of the passengers-Canessa, Parrado, and Vizintin-volunteered to _15_through the mountains to s

8、earch for help. When they left, each man wore similar clothes: three pairs of socks, a plastic bag _16_ each foot to keep the water out, boots, four pairs of trousers,and four sweaters. Many of the clothes came from those who had died in the crash. The three men _17_ that they would survive and brin

9、g back help. For part of the first day, they were glad to make some -18-. But as the land and weather changed, climbing became _19_. After several days, they reached what they thought was the top. They had 20_ this moment for days. On the other side of the top, they hoped, would be a 21_ leading dow

10、n and out of the mountains. However, they saw the same snow-covered tops. All hope wasnt 22_. Although they were still in the middle of the mountains, Parrado 23_ two low tops far away that didnt have snow. If they could get there, they would be out of the Andes.Within the following days they walked

11、 toward the two low tops. Little by little, the landscapebegan to change. Snow 24_ completely, and flowers were everywhere. This is the valley, Canessa said. This is the way 25_. Then things of humanity started to appear-a few cans on the ground, some farm animals in a field. By December 21, the ext

12、remely 26_ men made it to the town of Los Maitenes, and a rescue team was sent immediately to 27_ for the survivors who were still high in the Andes.Finally all of the remaining survivors were 28_. The memories of the crash in the Andes would be with the friends forever, but for now, their terrible

13、-29- was over. They had made it out- 30 .11 .A. learnedB. managedC. decidedD. expected12. A. stayedB. lookedC. turnedD. reached13. A. presentB. dangerC. messageD. rescue14. A. prepareB. continueC. escapeD. develop15. A. journeyB. compareC. measureD. expand16. A. againstB. underC. besideD. around17.

14、A. admittedB. promisedC. informedD. demanded18. A. policyB. helpC. progressD. advice19. A narrowerB. heavierC. sharperD. tougher20. A. imaginedB. arrangedC. witnessedD. appreciated21. A. courtB. valleyC. borderD. channel22. A. sentB.leftC. lostD. kept23. A. spottedB. countedC. rejectedD. mentioned24

15、. A. declinedB. frozeC. spreadD. disappeared25. A. behindB.outC. apartD. off26. A. tiredB. disappointedC. frightenedD. puzzled27. A. fightB. callC. searchD. ask28. A. listedB. treatedC. pickedD. saved29. A. performanceB. experienceC. challengeD. exploration30. A. freeB. coolC. aliveD. crazy第二部分:閱讀理解

16、(共兩節(jié)，40分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2分，共30分) 閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A, B, C, D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。AA Writing FoolIn the seventh grade I realized I was dyslexic, which made it difficult for me to read and spell, I did really badly in my history course, so my mother said to me, Ill work with you for a full week. Im goin

17、g to show you what you can do if you put in the right amount of effort. So we did. We worked on history for a full week, an extra hour every day. Then I went to school and failed the test, as always. It was really upsetting.By the time I got to college I came to know that I couldnt spell no matter h

18、ow hard I tried.So I would sign up for extra courses. Id be in registration lines all day. Then I would go around the first day of class and ask each professor: Whats your policy on misspelling? If he said, Three misspellings is a fail, Id drop it.Although I was an academic failure, I had a great ti

19、me. I had many friends and I was always popular. I was a good football player, which was important in those years because I could read my name in the newspaper. I never had a day when I would think, People dont like me.In spite of my obvious weaknesses, I became successful in my career, so much so t

20、hat people say to me, So youve overcome dyslexia. No. I dont overcome it. I just learn to compensate for it. Some easy things are hard for me. Most people read 500 words a minute. I only read 200. I try not to dial a phone because I sometimes have to dial three times to get the number right. I owe m

21、y successful career to my writing instructor, Ralph Salisbury. He looked past my misspellings and gave me encouragement. So I always feel confident. When I write my books, Im seeing everything in my imagination. I write quickly and go like the wind.The real fear that I have for dyslexic people is no

22、t that they have to struggle with their reading skills or that they cant spell correctly, but that they will quit on themselves before they get out of school.31. When the author did badly in the course, his mother thought thatA. he needed a better teacherB. he did not work hard enoughC. he was proba

23、bly too ill to studyD. he was not as smart as other children32. In college, the author was in registration lines all day toA. choose most interesting coursesB. become friends with new classmatesC. stay distance from language teachersD. avoid courses that require correct spelling33. Which of the foll

24、owing best describes the author in college?A. Happy and active.B. Shy and unhappy.C. Successful and funny.D. Quiet and unsuccessful.34. According to the author, it is important for dyslexic peopleA. not to get out of schoolB. not to give up so easilyC. to learn to spell correctlyD. to develop readin

25、g skillsBA unique experience awaits you at the Centre for Alternative Technology on the edge of thebeautiful Snowdonia National Park.Over thirty years ago a group of people decided to try out alternative technologies. They chose aremote empty place, where rock used to be dug from the ground, as thei

26、r base. Here experimentsoffering solutions to the worlds energy problems were carried out, and nowadays many of theseideas have become common practice. You can experience all these for yourself in just one daywith us, and then take away what you have learned and put it into practice at home. Be assu

27、red itwill help you save on your household energy costs!Your visit to us begins with a ride up a steep 60-metre hillside on a railway which is worked byusing the weight of water. At the top of the mountain you will enjoy beautiful views to the distantcoastline. Then interactive displays show the pow

28、er of wind, water and sun, while showing you what can be done in an ordinary household to reduce your influence on the planet.There was no soil when the project was started, so we created our organic gardens using our ownhome-made soil. You can enjoy woodland walks or even notice spring flowers grow

29、ing on theroofs of environmentally-friendly buildings.In 2006 we opened our new eco-adventure playground for children, and we also run workshopswhere they can make models and become inventors of the future by putting wind, water or solarpower into their own designs.The Centre for Alternative Technol

30、ogy is open all year round and has good rail, road and cyclelinks. In fact we offer a 50% reduction on the admission price if you arrive by bicycle. There iswheelchair access for disabled visitors-telephone us in advance if you would like assistance.35. Whats the main purpose of setting up the Centr

31、e for Alternative Technology?A. To provide people with relevant experience.B. To teach people how to reduce energy costs.C. To show the hard condition for early experiments.D. To encourage people to develop alternative technologies.36. According to the passage, visitors canA. learn to create their o

32、wn organic gardensB. appreciate the views of distant mountainsC. visit exhibitions of alternative technologiesD. enjoy woodland walks on the top of buildings37. Where is the passage most probably from?A. A literary essay.B. A research report.C. A historical novel.D. A science website,CLearning to Ru

33、nAn article published in the scientific journal Nature discusses an important aspect of humanevolution. According to Bramble and Lieberman, Professors at the University of Utah, humanspossess a number of features that make them surprisingly good runners. We are confident that theselection for runnin

34、g was important in the origin of the human body form, says Bramble.Traditional thinking has been that humans are poor runners compared to such animals ashorses. However, this is only true if we consider running at high speed, especially over shortdistances. Even an athlete can hardly run as quickly

35、as a horse does, and can only keep up a topspeed for 15 seconds or so. But when it comes to long-distance running, humans will doastonishingly well. They can keep a steady pace for many kilometres, and their speed is at least atthe same level with that of horses.Bramble and Lieberman examined 26 par

36、ts of human bodies. One of the most interesting ofthese is the nuchal ligament (韌帶). When we run, it is this ligament that prevents our head from moving back and forth or from side to side. Therefore, we are able to run with steady heads, heldhigh. Then there are Achilles tendons at the backs of our

37、 legs, forming the mechanical linksbetween the muscles to the bones. They act like strong strings and help to push us forward whenwe run. Besides, we have low, wide shoulders, a development which allows us to run moreeffectively. Add to this our light forearms, which swing in co-operation with the m

38、ovement of ourlegs to assist balance, and one begins to appreciate the point that Bramble and Lieberman aretrying to make.But what advantage is gained from being good long-distance runners? One theory is that thisability may have permitted early humans to obtain food more effectively. Some scientist

39、s guessthat early humans may have run after animals for great distances to make them tired before killingthem. Running would also have shown another advantage: early humans might have eaten themeat left over from a kill by other large animals. They may have been warned of the existence of a freshly

40、killed animal by vultures (n), and the faster they got to the scene of the kill, the better.Research on the history of human ability of running has traditionally been controversial,says Lieberman. At the very least, I hope this theory will make many people have second thoughts about how humans learn

41、ed to run and why we are built the way we are.38. In Paragraph 2, the author mainly tells us thatA. humans are poor runners compared to horsesB. humans are good runners over long distancesC. humans may run at high speed for a short timeD. humans can keep a constant pace when running39. We can learn

42、from Paragraph 3 thatA. tendons are a successful adaptation for runningB. strong muscles and bones keep running effectiveC. the shape of shoulders affects the position of headsD. humans can run faster if they have longer forearms40. What conclusion is drawn about early humans?A. They followed birds

43、to avoid danger.B. They were unable to kill large animals.C. They developed their big brains for running.D. They evolved running due to the need for hunting.41. What does Lieberman mean by saying the underlined sentence?A. Proving that humans run in a comfortable position.B. Informing people of the

44、reasons why humans may run.C. Expressing appreciation of the theory of human evolution.D. Making people reconsider the idea about our body structure.DWhy Mars (AM) is New SettlementIs it possible to live on other planets? The United States government is taking a serious lookat the moon and Mars as p

45、otential places for future human settlement. The moon could serve as atraining ground for later journeys to Mars. Currently, with Mars becoming the eventual long-termgoal, serious questions exist as to whether the dangers of the settlement on the moon are tooextreme and unnecessary.One major reason

46、the settlement on the moon is too dangerous is the difference between theatmosphere environment of the moon and Mars. Atmosphere is important because it protectshumans and all other life from a continuous attack of radiation (輻射) caused by sources such asthe sun. This radiation is especially dangero

47、us to humans because it increases the risk of cancerand can negatively change DNA. The fact that the moon has no atmosphere can cause great harm to human beings. Although Mars atmosphere is significantly thinner than Earths, at least it hasone and would create some sort of protective barrier for hum

48、ans.Another important characteristic necessary for human settlement is natural resources likewater, of which the moon is believed to have none. Mars, however, contains vast quantities ofwater ice, dry ice, and also snow. There is also sufficient evidence that water once existed at thesurface of Mars

49、 and might return in the future if the planet warms. With increased technologies,the potential for settlers to remain on Mars by being increasingly self-sufficient makes Mars amuch more attractive goal as the space settlement than the moon.Future settlers will not only benefit from potential water o

50、n Mars; the planet is also rich inother natural resources such as oxygen, hydrogen, and minerals, which can be well used in productive ways. For example, hydrogen can be used as fuel, and it can be combined withnitrogen (氮氣) to form new materials necessary for human settlement. Due to these advantag

51、es, Mars would be a more successful planet for exploration and settlement because it contains thebasic resources necessary for humans to survive.Since the environment of Mars is more similar to that of Earth and it contains resourcesnecessary to help life exist, it should be the only option for any

52、kind of long-term humansettlement. The settlement on Mars would not only be a milestone in space but also an excellentchance for mankind to improve itself from past adventures on Earth and preserve and make thebest use of the natural resources Mars has to offer.42. According to Paragraph 2, the atmo

53、sphere on Mars wouldA. change the DNA structure of humansB. measure the harmful radiation from spaceC. provide protection against dangerous effectsD. cause humans to be exposed to serious illnesses43. What can be inferred about water on Mars?A. It is not present in a liquid state.B. It doesnt exist

54、in large quantities.C. It will bring potential dangers to settlers.D. It can be easily changed into liquid forms.44. The author believes thatA. exploration of Mars takes great riskB. natural resources on Mars last foreverC. settlement on Mars is perfectly acceptableD. Mars is more suitable for settl

55、ement than Earth45. Which of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage?CP: Central PointP: PointSp: Sub-point (7k?!A)C: Conclusion第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2分，共10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Sports Fans and IdentityMany people are crazy about a particular sports team. They are bi

56、g fans and seem to connecttheir own identity to their chosen team.Identity consists of things like gender (r Yi1), personality, abilities, and social groups. Thegroups we belong to shape our identity. Related to this is the theory developed by Henri Tajfel andJohn Turner. 46 In knowing who we are, w

57、e may more closely identify with our socialgroup than with our gender group. We also decide which group we belong to, based on differentaspects of our identity. According to the theory, our self-esteem-how we feel about ourselves-isreflected in the group we belong to. 47 For example, we naturally protect the group webelong to, while making other groups less important. We think highly of the team we support,while we may add neg