1、一、 主 要 句 式 (一) 知識概要初中所學(xué)的句型一般要分為陳述句、疑問句、祈使句和感嘆句。陳述句中有肯定句與否定句之分。其中可以分為以下五種： 主語+不及物動詞。如：I arrived at six last night. 主語+及物動詞+賓語，如：I bought a good EnglishChinese Dictionary yesterday. 主語+及物動詞+間接賓語+直接賓語，如：Please tell me a story before I go to bed. 這樣可加雙賓語的句子有buy,tell, give, ask, pass, teach. 主語+及物動詞+賓語+賓

2、語補足語，如：I found it impossible to do it. Please keep the classroom clean and tidy. 主語+系動詞+表語，如：Tom is an American boy. The grass turned green in spring.在初中常見的句型中有There be句型，表示存在某種事物，如：There is a map on the wall其be動詞的形式要與其后面相近的那個名詞相一致。要注意的是這種句型加入助動詞后，也要保持be動詞，不要換用have,如：There is going to be a meeting t

3、omorrow.在句子結(jié)構(gòu)中要注意主謂一致的問題，即句子的主語與謂語動詞要相呼應(yīng)。要注意的有如下幾點： 用and連接兩個主語時一般應(yīng)視為復(fù)數(shù)，但如一人身兼兩職時則要用單數(shù)謂語動詞形式，如：A singer and dancer is coming to our party. a singer and dancer 既歌唱又可舞的演員。而 a singer and a dancer 則要譯為：一位歌唱家和一位舞蹈家。有些以 s 結(jié)尾的名詞謂語動詞要用單數(shù)，如： The news is good (news 為不可數(shù)名詞)。 有量詞時應(yīng)按量詞的數(shù)量計算；如： This pair of glasse

4、s is good My glasses are broken. 有些形單卻意為復(fù)數(shù)的名詞，如： People are coming here 這樣的詞還有 Police， 如果要講一個警察時，應(yīng)講 a policeman。 兩個警察為 two policemen。 又如 a policewoman, two policewomen 所有不定代詞 each， either， neither， one， the other， nobody， nothing， anyone， anything， someone， something 要作為單數(shù)如： Someone is waiting for y

5、ou在并列句中表示聯(lián)合關(guān)系的連詞有： and not only but also，neither nor，either or 如: My sister and my parents are going to the cinema。 表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的并列連詞有： but 和 yet， 如： She is a good student, but she didn't pass the final exam. 又如： I think the news is strange, yet it is true 表示選擇關(guān)系的連詞有：or， either or，如： Hurry up, or you

6、will be late for school 表示因果關(guān)系的并列連詞有： for， so 如： They studied very hard， so they all passed the exam在初中范圍復(fù)合句中主要有狀語從句和賓語從句(名詞性從句)兩種，而定語從句(形容詞性從句)要在高中講述，為了使同學(xué)閱讀文章方便，我們將在下面另一章予以介紹。我們首先來看賓語從句。在及物動詞的后面可以接一個名詞來充當(dāng)賓語，如： I knew the man, 而這時也可以用一個句子來充當(dāng)賓語，如： I knew that he was a good man 這時賓語從句的連接詞有 that, (tha

7、t 只在從句中起聯(lián)接作用，不在句中充當(dāng)語法成分，既不是主語也不是賓語，所以在口語中常常被省略。如： I am sure (that) she has passed the exam if, whether 它們在賓語從句中只起連接作用，不起語法作用，當(dāng)作是否講。從句中有 or not 結(jié)構(gòu)時，要用 whether, 如： I ask him if (whether) he has had his lunch I asks him whether he has had his lunch or not what 它在賓語從句中除了作連接詞外，還要作主語或賓語成份，如： I don't u

8、nderstand what you said (what 作 said 的賓語)。又如： I asked him what made him sick (what 在賓語從句中作主語)。who，它也和what一樣，在句中除作連接詞外，可以充當(dāng)句中的成份，如：I know who she is looking for? whose 如： I want to know whose book this is? which 如： Do you know which book is mine?在連接詞中還有4個常用的連接副詞，how 它的應(yīng)用最廣，如： how much, how many, how

9、long, how soon, how old 。如： How much does it cost? when 它只是連接時間狀語，如： Please tell me when the meeting will begin? where 它連接地點狀語，如： Where are you from? why 它要連接的是原因狀語從句，如： The teacher asked why Tom didn't come to school. 在考試中常見到的考點是：賓語從句的時態(tài)與主句時態(tài)的呼應(yīng)問題。主句謂語動詞如果是現(xiàn)在時或?qū)頃r，賓語從句的時態(tài)可以是任何所需要的時態(tài)， 如： I know

10、he didn't come. 我知道他沒來。 I know he will come tomorrow 我知道他明天來。I know he has gone to London 我知道他已去倫敦了。主句中的謂語動詞若是過去時，賓語從句也要用過去時態(tài)中的某一種。比如： 一般過去時，過去進行時，過去將來時，過去完成時。除了在表達宇宙中的客觀真理時，不能用現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。如： I wanted to know when he would come The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun狀語從句主要有時間狀語從句，其連接詞有：after

11、， before， when， as， as soon as， until (till)， while， since， by其中較難掌握的有以下幾點：until (till) 直到，在用 until 表達時間狀語的句子中，主句中的動詞是要十分小心去選擇。如動詞是持續(xù)性動詞，它要用肯定句，如： I studied hard until 12 o'clock last night. 如果動詞是瞬間截止性動詞，則要用否定句，如： He didn't go to bed until his mother came back 由since， for， by， before 來引導(dǎo)的時間狀

12、語從句。 since 引導(dǎo)的時間狀語是動作的開始時間，如： I have studied English since 而由 by 引導(dǎo)的時間狀語通常是動作的結(jié)束時間，如： I had learned 25 English songs by the end of last term 而before 則多用于完成時， ago 則多用于一般過去時，如： He had finished his work before twelve yesterday I left my hometown two years ago 在狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時或一般過去時表示將來。它們可能是主句用一般將來時，從句用一般現(xiàn)

13、在時，如： If it rains, they won't go to the parkon Sunday 也可以主句是一般過去時，從句用一般過去進行時，如： He said if it rained the next day he would not go to the park 考試中常見的考點有：要學(xué)生區(qū)別是條件、時間狀語從句還是賓語從句，因在賓語從句中該用什么時態(tài)用什么時態(tài)，如： I want to know if he will come here tomorrow 在賓語從句中的條件狀語從句與主句的關(guān)系，如： I want to know if it rains he wi

14、ll come here tomorrow在原因狀語從句中主要是because， 應(yīng)譯為"因為"。它表達的因果關(guān)系最強，如： He didn't pass the exam because he didn't study hard since 應(yīng)譯為"既然"，如： Since you were ill yesterday I left some notes on your desk as 應(yīng)譯為"由于"，如： As it is too hot we'd better go swimming since 與 as

15、 所表達的因果關(guān)系遠比 because 弱得多。而 for 表達的因果關(guān)系最弱。它不能用于句首，如： He studies hard, for he wants to go to college在比較狀語從句中有同級比較 as as， 如： This book is as good as that one 要注意的有兩點：as as 中間要用原級而不是比較級。用形容詞還是副詞，如： Mary writes as carefully as Tom 而其否定句為 not as (so) as， 如： They didn't work so hard as we did, 而不同級比較用比較

16、級加 than, 如： He is younger than I am 要注意的是表示"越來越"這一概念時有兩個句型：比較級and比較級，如： The days are getting longer and longer The little girl is becoming more and more beautiful 定冠詞 the 比較級 the 比較級，如： The harder you study, the more you can learn方式狀語中要注意的是as (連詞)與 like (介詞)的區(qū)別。 as 作為連詞其后接從句，如： Please do i

17、t as I did it 但后面的句子常作省略，如： Please do it as I 而 like 是介詞，其后要接的是賓語，如： Please do it like me結(jié)果和目的狀語從句主要有 so that， so that， in order that等幾種用法。so that用在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前，so 形容詞 a 名詞 that，如： She is so beautiful a girl that everyone likes her 或用 such a 形容詞 名詞 that, 如： She is such a beautiful girl that everyone likes her 在不可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)前只能用 such， 如： It is such good weather we want to go for a picnic 又如： T